This paper makes a indepth description of the origin and the meaning of the ustainable development and, based on the reality in China, analyzes the necessity of carrying out the sustainable development in China and ways to realize it.The author holds that it is a long term and arduous task to realize the sustainable development in China and the following must be done:change the mode of economic development and establish the economic development strategy whose core is environment protection and reasonable utilization of resources, utilize market mechanism and economic means and improve the coordination of market economy and environment protection, carry out effective population policy to control population growth, strengthen comprehensive environmental improvement both in urban and country areas through the construction of ecological agriculture and development of city construction.