In both the genesis and development of city, the location factors and their change always play an important role. For Xuzhou, the famous historical and cultural city in China, the role of location is much greater than other factors. In view of analyzing the location factors having a great influence upon the urban evolution, this paper emphatically approaches the concrete role of change of location of communication and transportation, politics, military affairs, nature and so on in the historical rise and decline of Xuzhou City, and basing on the main characteristics of location change in the future, it advances the trend of the development of Xuzhou City in the early period of 21st century.