|
|
|
| THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON TOURISM INDUSTRY: RESEARCH PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS |
| LI Lei1, LIU Hong-lan2, TAO Zhuo-min1,3, LU Lin4 |
1. School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;
2. School of International Tourism & Culture, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China;
3. Jiangsu Center for Collaborative In- novation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China;
4. School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract This study reviewed the early research progress of "the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism industry" by sorting out 1435 papers in the Web of Science. The results show that the COVID-19 pandemic directly threatens human lives and health, aggravates tourists' negative emotions and perceived risks, reduces tourists' willingness to travel, and changes their previous travel patterns. These changes spread by tourists to tourism businesses, transport, and destinations. The COVID-19 pandemic will accelerate the transformation of the global tourism industry, except to study the impact process and mechanism of COVID-19 on tourism, future research should pay more attention to the reconstruction and transformation of tourism in the post-pandemic era. Based on this, this study looks forward to future research from a more comprehensive perspective of "target-element-insurance." In terms of targets, it is necessary for tourism industries to establish sustainable, high-quality, and responsible as the future development goals, reduce the economic goals and development speed of the tourism industry, focus on the social, environmental, and cultural effects of tourism, and pay more attention to the relationship between tourism and epidemic, environment, and climate. In terms of elements, future research should focus on the reconstruction and evolution of the human-environment relationship on tourism, study the relationship between the restart of tourism and the control of COVID-19, and study the dynamic balance models between tourism and COVID-19.
|
|
Received: 30 August 2021
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [1] |
Fotiadis A, Polyzos S, Huan T. The good, the bad and the ugly on COVID-19 tourism recovery[J/OL]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2021, 87(2): 103117. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160738320302619. DOI:10.1016/j.annals.2020.103117.
|
| [2] |
Khalid U, Okafor L E, Burzynska K. Does the size of the tourism sector influence the economic policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic?[J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 2021,24(19):2801-2820.
|
| [3] |
Gossling S, Scott D, Hall C M. Pandemics, tourism and global change: Arapid assessment of COVID-19[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2020,29(1):1-20.
|
| [4] |
Everingham P, Chassagne N. Post COVID-19 ecological and social reset: Moving away from capitalist growth models towards tourism as Buen Vivir[J]. Tourism Geographies, 2020,22(3):555-566.
|
| [5] |
Hall C M, Scott D, Gossling S. Pandemics, transformations and tourism: Be careful what you wish for[J]. Tourism Geographies, 2020, 22(3):577-598.
|
| [6] |
Zenker S, Kock F. The coronavirus pandemic-A critical discussion of a tourism research agenda[J/OL]. Tourism Management, 2020,81(6):104164. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261517720300881. DOI:10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104164.
|
| [7] |
Bausch T, Gartner W C, Ortanderl F. How to avoid a covid-19 research paper tsunami? A tourism system approach[J]. Journal of Travel Research, 2021,60(3):467-485.
|
| [8] |
Zheng D N, Luo Q J, Ritchie B W. Afraid to travel after COVID-19? Self-protection, coping and resilience against pandemic 'travel fear '[J/OL]. Tourism Management, 2021, 83(2): 104261. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261517720301874. DOI:10.1016/j. tourman.2020.104261.
|
| [9] |
Karl M, Kock F, Ritchie B W, et al. Affective forecasting and travel decision-making: An investigation in times of a pandemic[J/OL]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2021,87(2):103139. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160738321000013. DOI:10.1016/ j.annals.2021.103139.
|
| [10] |
Cooper M A, Buckley R. Tourist mental health drives destination choice, marketing, and matching[J]. Journal of Travel Research, 2022,61(4):786-799.
|
| [11] |
Yang Y, Zhang C X, Rickly J M. A review of early COVID-19 research in tourism: Launching the Annals of Tourism Research's Curated Collection on coronavirus and tourism[J/OL]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2021,91(6):103313. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160738321001912.DOI:10.1016/j.annals.2021.103313.
|
| [12] |
Lew A A, Cheer J M, Haywood M, et al. Visions of travel and tourism after the global COVID-19 transformation of 2020[J]. Tourism Geographies, 2020,22(3):455-466.
|
| [13] |
Donthu N, Gustafsson A. Effects of COVID-19 on business and research[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2020,117(12):284-289.
|
| [14] |
Sigala M. Tourism and COVID-19: Impacts and implications for advancing and resetting industry and research[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2020,117(12):312-321.
|
| [15] |
Chinazzi M, Davis J T, Ajelli M, et al. The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak[J]. Science, 2020,368(6489):395-405.
|
| [16] |
Wells C R, Sah P, Moghadas S M, et al. Impact of international travel and border control measures on the global spread of the novel 2019 coronavirus outbreak[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020, 117(13): 7504-7509.
|
| [17] |
Wen J, Kozak M, Yang S, et al. COVID-19: Potential effects on Chinese citizens' lifestyle and travel[J]. Tourism Review, 2020, 76(1):74-87.
|
| [18] |
Higgins-desbiolles F. Socialising tourism for social and ecological justice after COVID-19[J]. Tourism Geographies, 2020,22(3):610-623.
|
| [19] |
Neuburger L, Egger R. Travel risk perception and travel behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic 2020: A case study of the DACH region[J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 2021,24(7):1003-1016.
|
| [20] |
UgurNG, Akbiyik A.Impacts of COVID-19on globaltourismindustry: Across-regional comparison[J/OL].TourismManagement Perspectives, 2020,36(4):100744.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211973620301112.DOI:10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100744.
|
| [21] |
Zhan L, Zeng X M, Morrison A M, et al. A risk perception scale for travel to a crisis epicentre: Visiting Wuhan after COVID-19[J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 2022,25(1):150-167.
|
| [22] |
Sanchez-canizares S M, Cabeza-ramirez L J, Munoz-fernandez G, et al. Impact of the perceived risk from Covid-19 on intention to travel[J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 2021,24(7):970-984.
|
| [23] |
Teeroovengadum V, Seetanah B, Bindah E, et al. Minimising perceived travel risk in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic to boost travel and tourism[J]. Tourism Review, 2021,76(4):910-928.
|
| [24] |
Bae S Y, Chang P J. The effect of coronavirus disease-19(COVID-19) risk perception on behavioural intention towards 'untact' tourism in South Korea during the first wave of the pandemic (March 2020)[J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 2021,24(7):1017-1035.
|
| [25] |
Foroudi P, Tabaghdehi S A H, Marvi R. The gloom of the COVID-19 shock in the hospitality industry: A study of consumer risk perception and adaptive belief in the dark cloud of a pandemic[J/OL]. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 2021,92(1):102717. https: //www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278431920302693. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102717.
|
| [26] |
Bhati A S, Mohammadi Z, Agarwal M, et al. Motivating or manipulating: The influence of health-protective behaviour and media engagement on post-COVID-19 travel[J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 2021,24(15):2088-2092.
|
| [27] |
Li Z Y, Zhang S, Liu X Y, et al. Seeing the invisible hand: Underlying effects of COVID-19 on tourists' behavioral patterns[J/OL]. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 2020,18(4):100502. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212571X20301244. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100502.
|
| [28] |
Craig C A, Ma S Y, Karabas I. COVID-19, camping and construal level theory[J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 2021,24(20):2855-2859.
|
| [29] |
Yang F N X, Wong I K A. The social crisis aftermath: Tourist wellbeing during the COVID-19 outbreak[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2020,29(6):859-878.
|
| [30] |
Elizabeth A, Adam I, Dayour F, et al. Perceived impacts of COVID-19 on risk perceptions, emotions, and travel intentions: Evidence from Macau higher educational institutions[J]. Tourism Recreation Research, 2021,46(2):195-211.
|
| [31] |
Fong L H N, Law R, Ye B H. Outlook of tourism recovery amid an epidemic: Importance of outbreak control by the government[J/OL]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2021, 86(1): 102951. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160738320300955. DOI:10.1016/ j.annals.2020.102951.
|
| [32] |
Zhang K, Hou Y S, Li G. Threat of infectious disease during an outbreak: Influence on tourists' emotional responses to disadvantaged price inequality[J/OL]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2020,84(5):102993. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0160738320301377. DOI:10.1016/j.annals.2020.102993.
|
| [33] |
Li L, Tao Z, Lu L, et al. The impact of COVID-19 on the regional tourism flow network: An empirical study in Hubei province[J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 2022,25(2):287-302.
|
| [34] |
O'connor P, Assaker G. COVID-19's effects on future pro-environmental traveler behavior: An empirical examination using norm activation, economic sacrifices, and risk perception theories[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2022,30(1):89-107.
|
| [35] |
Jeon C Y, Yang H W. The structural changes of a local tourism network: Comparison of before and after COVID-19[J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 2021,24(23):3324-3338.
|
| [36] |
Sung Y A, Kim K W, Kwon H J. Big data analysis of korean travelers' behavior in the Post-COVID-19 era[J/OL]. Sustainability, 2021,13(1): 310. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/1/310. DOI: 10.3390/su 13010310.
|
| [37] |
Li X, Gong J, Gao B J, et al. Impacts of COVID-19 on tourists' destination preferences: Evidence from China[J/OL]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2021,90(5):103258. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160738321001365. DOI:10.1016/j.annals.2021.103258.
|
| [38] |
Zhang Y Y, Man L Y, Liu P X, et al. COVID-19's impact on tourism: Will compensatory travel intention appear? [J]. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 2021,26(7):732-747.
|
| [39] |
Jin X, Bao J G, Tang C Z. Profiling and evaluating Chinese consumers regarding post-COVID-19 travel[J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 2022,25(5):745-763.
|
| [40] |
Zhao J, An Y G. Behavioural intention of forest therapy tourism in China: Based on health belief model and the theory of planned behaviour[J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 2021,24(24):3425-3432.
|
| [41] |
Skare M, Soriano D R, Porada-rochon M. Impact of COVID-19 on the travel and tourism industry[J/OL]. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2021,163(2):120469. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040162520312956. DOI: 10.1016/j. techfore.2020.120469.
|
| [42] |
Niewiadomski P. COVID-19: From temporary de-globalisation to a re-discovery of tourism?[J]. Tourism Geographies, 2020,22(3):651-656.
|
| [43] |
Lim W M, To W M. The economic impact of a global pandemic on the tourism economy: The case of COVID-19 and Macao's destination-and gambling-dependent economy[J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 2022,25(8):1258-1269.
|
| [44] |
Kitamura Y, Karkour S, Ichisugi Y, et al. Evaluation of the economic, environmental, and social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Japanese tourism industry[J/OL]. Sustainability, 2020, 12(24): 10302. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/24/10302. DOI: 10.3390/su122410302.
|
| [45] |
Kourentzes N, Saayman A, Jean-pierre P, et al. Visitor arrivals forecasts amid COVID-19: A perspective from the Africa team[J/OL]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2021,88(3):103182. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160738321000694. DOI: 10.1016/j. annals.2021.103182.
|
| [46] |
Sheller M. Reconstructing tourism in the Caribbean: Connecting pandemic recovery, climate resilience and sustainable tourism through mobility justice[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2021, 29(9):1436-1449.
|
| [47] |
Loi K I, Lei W S, Lourenco F. Understanding the reactions of government and gaming concessionaires on COVID-19 through the neoinstitutional theory: The case of Macao[J/OL]. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 2021, 94(3): 102755. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278431920303078. DOI:10.1016/j. ijhm.2020.102755.
|
| [48] |
Do B, Nguyen N, D'souza C, et al. Strategic responses to COVID-19: The case of tour operators in Vietnam[J]. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 2022,22(1):5-17.
|
| [49] |
Carr A. COVID-19, indigenous peoples and tourism: A view from New Zealand[J]. Tourism Geographies, 2020,22(3):491-502.
|
| [50] |
Vaishar A, Stastna M. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural tourism in Czechia Preliminary considerations[J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 2022,25(2):187-191.
|
| [51] |
Hutchison B, Movono A, Scheyvens R. Resetting tourism post-COVID-19: Why indigenous peoples must be central to the conversation[J]. Tourism Recreation Research, 2021,46(2):261-275.
|
| [52] |
Kamata H. Tourist destination residents' attitudes towards tourism during and after the COVID-19 pandemic[J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 2022,25(1):134-149.
|
| [53] |
Crossley E. Ecological grief generates desire for environmental healing in tourism after COVID-19[J]. Tourism Geographies, 2020, 22(3):536-546.
|
| [54] |
Khan A, Bibi S, Lyu J Y, et al. COVID-19 and sectoral employment trends: Assessing resilience in the US leisure and hospitality industry[J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 2021,24(7):952-969.
|
| [55] |
Baum T, Hai N T T. Hospitality, tourism, human rights and the impact of COVID-19[J]. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2020,32(7):2397-2407.
|
| [56] |
Kaushal V, Srivastava S. Hospitality and tourism industry amid COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives on challenges and learnings from India[J/OL]. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 2021, 92(1): 102707. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278431920302590. DOI:10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102707.
|
| [57] |
Dube K, Nhamo G, Chikodzi D. COVID-19 cripples global restaurant and hospitality industry[J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 2021, 24(11):1487-1490.
|
| [58] |
Farmaki A, Miguel C, Drotarova M H, et al. Impacts of Covid-19 on peer-to-peer accommodation platforms: Host perceptions and responses[J/OL]. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 2020, 91(8): 102663. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278431920302152. DOI:10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102663.
|
| [59] |
Chen G W, Cheng M M, Edwards D, et al. COVID-19 pandemic exposes the vulnerability of the sharing economy: A novel accounting framework[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2022, 30(5): 1141-1158.
|
| [60] |
Hao F, Xiao Q, Chon K Y. COVID-19 and China's hotel industry: Impacts, a disaster management framework, and Post-pandemic agenda[J/OL]. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 2020, 90(7): 102636. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278431920301882. DOI:10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102636.
|
| [61] |
Rezapouraghdam H, Karatepe O M. Applying health belief model to unveil employees' workplace COVID-19 protective behaviors: Insights for the hospitality industry[J]. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 2020,22(4):233-247.
|
| [62] |
Huang A, Makridis C, Baker M, et al. Understanding the impact of COVID-19 intervention policies on the hospitality labor market[J/OL]. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 2020,91(8):102660. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027843192030212-7. DOI:10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102660.
|
| [63] |
Park E, Kim W H, Kim S B. Tracking tourism and hospitality employees' real-time perceptions and emotions in an online community during the COVID-19 pandemic[J/OL]. Current Issues in Tourism, 2020. https://www.tandfonline.om/doi/full/10.1080/13683500.2020.1823336.
|
| [64] |
Mao Y, He J, Morrison A M, et al. Effects of tourism CSR on employee psychological capital in the COVID-19 crisis: From the perspective of conservation of resources theory[J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 2021,24(19):2716-2734.
|
| [65] |
Bucak T, Yigit S. The future of the chef occupation and the food and beverage sector after the COVID-19 outbreak: Opinions of Turkish chefs[J/OL]. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 2021, 92(1): 102682. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278431920302346. DOI:10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102682.
|
| [66] |
Mccartney G, Pinto J, Liu M. City resilience and recovery from COVID-19: The case of Macao[J/OL]. Cities, 2021,112(5):103130. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264275121000287. DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2021.103130.
|
| [67] |
Sharma G D, Thomas A, Paul J. Reviving tourism industry postCOVID-19: A resilience-based framework[J/OL]. Tourism Management Perspectives, 2021,37(1):100786. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211973620301537. DOI: 10.1016/j. t mp.2020.100786.
|
| [68] |
Zhang H Y, Song H Y, Wen L, et al. Forecasting tourism recovery amid COVID-19[J/OL].Annals of Tourism Research, 2021,87(2):103149. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160738321000116.DOI:10.1016/j.annals.2021.103149.
|
| [69] |
Avraham E. From 9/11 through Katrina to Covid-19: Crisis recov‐ery campaigns for American destinations[J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 2021,24(20):2875-2889.
|
| [70] |
Rittichainuwat B, Laws E, Maunchontham R, et al. Resilience to crises of Thai MICE stakeholders: A longitudinal study of the destination image of Thailand as a MICE destination[J/OL]. Tourism Management Perspectives, 2020,35(3):100704. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211973620300714. DOI:10.1016/ j.tmp.2020.100704.
|
| [71] |
Li Z Y, Zhao Q X, Huo T T, et al. COVID-19: Management focus of reopened tourist destinations[J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 2022, 25(1),14-20.
|
| [72] |
Shao Y H, Hu Z Y, Luo M Z, et al. What is the policy focus for tourism recovery after the outbreak of COVID-19? A co-word analysis [J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 2021,24(7):899-904.
|
| [73] |
Melian-alzola L, Fernandez-monroy M, Hidalgo-penate M. Hotels in contexts of uncertainty: Measuring organisational resilience[J/OL]. Tourism Management Perspectives, 2020,36(4):100747. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211973620301148. DOI:10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100747.
|
| [74] |
Guo L B, Liu K Z, Song Y, et al. Recovering hotel room sales during the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons from OTA information using the quantile regression approach[J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 2022,25(1):94-114.
|
| [75] |
Brouder P. Reset redux: Possible evolutionary pathways towards the transformation of tourism in a COVID-19 world[J]. Tourism Geographies, 2020,22(3):484-490.
|
| [76] |
Kwok A O J, Koh S G M. COVID-19 and extended reality (XR)[J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 2021,24(14):1935-1940.
|
| [77] |
Shin H, Kang J. Reducing perceived health risk to attract hotel customers in the COVID-19 pandemic era: Focused on technology innovation for social distancing and cleanliness[J/OL]. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 2020,91(8):102664. https://www.sciencedirect.om/science/article/pii/S0278431920302164. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102664.
|
| [78] |
Zeng Z J, Chen P J, Lew A A. From high-touch to high-tech: COVID-19 drives robotics adoption[J]. Tourism Geographies, 2020, 22(3):724-734.
|
| [79] |
Ivanov S H, Webster C, Stoilova E, et al. Biosecurity, crisis management, automation technologies and economic performance of travel, tourism and hospitality companies: A conceptual framework[J]. Tourism Economics, 2022,28(1):3-26.
|
| [80] |
El-said O, Aziz H. Virtual tours a means to an end: An analysis of virtual tours' role in tourism recovery Post COVID-19[J]. Journal of Travel Research, 2022,61(3):528-548.
|
| [81] |
Fennell D A. Technology and the sustainable tourist in the new age of disruption[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2021, 29(5): 767-773.
|
| [82] |
Christou P, simillidou A, Stylianou M C. Tourists' perceptions regarding the use of anthropomorphic robots in tourism and hospitality[J]. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2020,32(11):3665-3683.
|
| [83] |
Benjamin S, Dillette A, Alderman D H. ""We can't return to normal"": Committing to tourism equity in the post-pandemic age[J]. Tourism Geographies, 2020,22(3):476-483.
|
| [84] |
Galvani A, Lew A A, Perez M S. COVID-19 is expanding global consciousness and the sustainability of travel and tourism[J]. Tourism Geographies, 2020,22(3):567-576.
|
| [85] |
Miao L, Im J, Fu X X, et al. Proximal and distal post-COVID travel behavior[J/OL].Annals of Tourism Research, 2021,88(3):103159. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160738321000219. DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2021.103159.
|
| [86] |
Dash S B, Sharma P. Reviving Indian tourism amid the Covid-19 pandemic: Challenges and workable solutions[J/OL]. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 2021,22(4):100648. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212571X21000962. DOI:10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100648.
|
| [87] |
Haywood K M. A post-COVID future: Tourism community reimagined and enabled[J]. Tourism Geographies, 2020, 22(3): 599-609.
|
| [88] |
Chen Y N, Dai Y Q, Liu A Y, et al. Can the COVID-19 risk perception affect tourists' responsible behavior intention: An application of the structural equation model[J/OL]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2021. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09669582.2021.1977938.
|
| [89] |
Bertella G, Lupini S, Romanelli C R, et al. Workshop methodology design: Innovation-oriented participatory processes for sustainability [J/OL]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2021,89(4):103251. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160738321001298. DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2021.103251.
|
| [90] |
Arbulu I, Razumova M, Rey-maquieira J, et al. Measuring risks and vulnerability of tourism to the COVID-19 crisis in the context of extreme uncertainty: The case of the Balearic Islands[J/OL]. Tourism Management Perspectives, 2021, 39(3): 100857. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211973621000702. DOI:10.1016/j. tmp.2021.100857.
|
| [91] |
Scheyvens RA,MovonoA,AuckramS.Pacific peoples andthe pandemic: Exploring multiple well-beings of people in tourism-dependent communities[J/OL]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2021. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09669582.2021.1970757.
|
| [92] |
Bhalla R, Chowdhary N, Ranjan A. Spiritual tourism for psychotherapeutic healing post COVID-19[J]. Journal of Travel & Tour-ism Marketing, 2021,38(8):769-781.
|
| [93] |
Adams K M, Choe J, Mostafanezhad M, et al. (Post-) pandemic tourism resiliency: Southeast Asian lives and livelihoods in limbo [J]. Tourism Geographies, 2021,23(4):915-936.
|
| [94] |
Lopes A S, Sargento A, Carreira P. Vulnerability to COVID-19 unemployment in the Portuguese tourism and hospitality industry[J]. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2021,33(5):1850-1869.
|
| [95] |
Goh E, Baum T. Job perceptions of Generation Z hotel employees towards working in Covid-19 quarantine hotels: The role of meaningful work[J]. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2021,33(5):1688-1710.
|
| [96] |
Chen S H, Tzeng S Y, Tham A, et al. Hospitality services in the post COVID-19 era: Are we ready for high-tech and no touch service delivery in smart hotels?[J]. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 2021,30(8):905-928.
|
| [97] |
Hayes S, Tucker H. Using synchronous hybrid pedagogy to nurture a community of inquiry: Insights from a tourism Master's programme[J/OL]. Journal of Hospitality Leisure Sport & Tourism Education, 2021, 29(2): 100339. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S147383762100040X. DOI:10.1016/j.jhlste.2021.100339.
|
|
|
|
2022, Vol. 37 
