|
|
SPACE OF RELATIVE DEPRIVATION AND ITS INFLUENCING MECHANISM IN SHANGHAI FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SOCIO-SPATIAL SEGREGATION |
LU Ting-ting1, HUANG Hui-ning1, CUI Can2,3,4 |
1. School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China; 2. The Centre for Modern Chinese City Studies, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; 3. Research Centre for China Administrative Division, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; 4. Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China |
|
|
Abstract Space of relative deprivation has been a focal point in researching socio-spatial segregation. To cope with relative deprivation, a series of urban policies have been implemented to promote housing mix across different countries and regions. However, whether housing mix can act as a solution to address the increased socio-spatial segregation remains a debatable topic in the latest geographical studies. Against this background, this research investigates the relationship between housing mix and deprivation at the neighbourhood level, from which to contribute a more nuanced understanding of the influencing mechanisms of relative deprivation. Three theoretical lenses are introduced, elucidating mechanisms of socio-spatial segregation from social, economic and instructional dimensions. In this research, data from the six Census of Shanghai was employed, covering 5432 spatial units of neighbourhoods. Three main conclusions can be drawn from our results: first, the spatial distribution of relative deprivation at the citywide level presents a "sandwich" pattern of "high-low-high", with the highly deprived spaces confined to the centre and the periphery; second, with demographic, socioeconomic and geographical factors held constant, housing mix is negatively correlated with the neighbourhood deprivation level; and third, housing tenure types are the core factors that underscore the processes of socio-spatial segregation. Meanwhile, urban villages, peripheral villages, and affordable rental housing are three types of relatively deprived space.
|
Received: 31 August 2022
|
|
Corresponding Authors:
10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2023.06.008
E-mail: ccui@geo.ecnu.edu.cn。
|
|
|
|
[1] |
Harvey D. Social Justice and the City (revised edition)[M]. Athens:The University of Georgia Press, 2009:1-368.
|
[2] |
亨利·列斐伏尔.空间与政治[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2008:1-121.[Henri L. Espace et politique[M]. Shanghai:Shanghai People's Publishing House, 2008:1-121.]
|
[3] |
吉迪恩·博尔特,罗纳德·凡·肯彭,买静,等.荷兰的社会混合与城市政策[J].国际城市规划,2013,28(3):8-12.[Gideon B, Ronald V K, Mai Jing, et al. Social mix and urban policies in the Netherlands[J]. Urban Planning International, 2013,28(3):8-12.]
|
[4] |
习近平.在中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会上的报告[EB/OL].(2022-10-25)[2022-12-20]. http://www.qstheory.cn/yaowen/2022-10/25/c_1129079926.htm.[Xi Jinping. Report at the 20th national congress of the communist party of China.[EB/OL].(2022-10-25)[2022-12-20]. http://www.qstheory.cn/yaowen/2022-10/25/c_1129079926.htm.]
|
[5] |
Kleinhans R. Social implications of housing diversification in urban renewal:A review of recent literature[J]. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 2004(19):367-390.
|
[6] |
Bosch E, Ouwehand A. At home in the oasis:Middle-class newcomers'affiliation to their deprived Rotterdam neighbourhood[J]. Urban Studies, 2019,56(9):1818-1834.
|
[7] |
Bolt G, Van K R, Vam W J. After urban restructuring:Relocations and segregation in Dutch cities[J]. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 2009,100(4):502-518.
|
[8] |
Kearns A, McKee M J, Sautkina E, et al. How to mix?Spatial configurations, modes of production and resident perceptions of mixed tenure neighbourhoods[J]. Cities, 2013,35:397-408.
|
[9] |
Arbaci S, Rae I. Mixed-tenure neighbourhoods in London:Policy myth or effective device to alleviate deprivation?[J]. International Journal of Urbanand Regional Research, 2013,37(2):451-479.
|
[10] |
Graham E, Manley D, Hiscock R, et al. Mixing housing tenures:Is it good for social well-being?[J]. Urban Studies, 2009,46(1):139-165.
|
[11] |
Musterd S, Andersson R. Housing mix, social mix, and social opportunities[J]. Urban Affairs Review, 2005,40(6):761-790.
|
[12] |
Kearns A, Parkes A. Living in and leaving poor neighbourhood conditions in England[J]. Housing Studies, 2003,18(6):827-851.
|
[13] |
Katz L, Kling J, Liebman J. Moving to opportunity in Boston:Early results of a randomized mobility experiment[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2001,116(2):607-654.
|
[14] |
Park R E, Burgess E W, McKenzie R D, et al. The City[M]. Chicago:The University of Chicago Press, 1925:1-250.
|
[15] |
Hamnett C. Social polarisation in global cities:Theory and evidence[J]. Urban Studies, 1994,31(3):401-424.
|
[16] |
顾朝林,甄峰,张京祥.集聚与扩散:城市空间结构新论[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2000:1-226.[Gu Chaolin, Zhen Feng, Zhang Jingxiang. Agglomeration and Diffusion:New Principles of City Space Structure[M]. Nanjing:Southeast University Press, 2000:1-226.]
|
[17] |
许学强,胡华颖,叶嘉安.广州市社会空间结构的因子生态分析[J].地理学报,1989,56(4):385-399.[Xu Xueqiang, Hu Huaying, Ye jiaan. A factorial ecological study of spatial structure in Guangzhou[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1989,56(4):385-399.]
|
[18] |
Massey D S, Denton N A. The dimensions of residential segregation[J]. Social Forces, 1988,67(2):281-315.
|
[19] |
Massey, Douglas S, Denton, et al. Trends in the residential segregation of blacks, hispanics, and asians:1970-1980[J]. American Sociological Review, 1987,52(6):802-825.
|
[20] |
Harvey D. From managerialism to entrepreneurialism:The transformation in urban governance in late capitalism[J]. Geografiska Annaler:Series B, Human Geography, 1989,71(1):3-17.
|
[21] |
Harvey D. The right to the city[J]. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 2003,27(4):939-941.
|
[22] |
魏立华,李志刚.中国城市低收入阶层的住房困境及其改善模式[J].城市规划学刊,2006(2):53-58.[Wei Lihua, Li Zhigang. Housing dilemma of urban poor in China and its problem-solving pattern[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2006(2):53-58.]
|
[23] |
吴嘉慧,李佩玲,赵渺希.城市混居地段外来人口社会隔离的空间测度——以广州客村为例[J].人文地理,2016,31(6):79-87.[Wu Jiahui, Li Peiling, Zhao Miaoxi. Spatial measurement of social segregation between migrants and locals in urban mixed-neighbourhoods:A case study of Kecun, Guangzhou[J]. Human Geography, 2016,31(6):79-87.]
|
[24] |
袁媛,古叶恒,陈志灏.中国城市贫困的空间差异特征[J].地理科学进展,2016,35(2):195-203.[Yuan Yuan, Gu Yeheng, Chen Zhihao. Spatial differentiation of urban poverty of Chinese cities[J]. Progress in Geography, 2016,35(2):195-203.]
|
[25] |
刘于琪,刘晔,李志刚.居民归属感、邻里交往和社区参与的机制分析——以广州市城中村改造为例[J].城市规划,2017,41(9):38-47.[Liu Yuqi, Liu Ye, Li Zhigang. Mechanisms of neighbourhood attachment, neighbourly interaction, and community participation in the process of urban village redevelopment:A case study of Guangzhou[J]. City Planning Review, 2017,41(9):38-47.]
|
[26] |
李志刚,刘晔.中国城市"新移民"社会网络与空间分异[J].地理学报,2011,66(6):785-795.[Li Zhigang, Liu Ye. Beyond spatial segregation:Neo-migrants and their social networks in Chinese cities[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011,66(6):785-795.]
|
[27] |
袁媛,古叶恒,肖扬.中国城市的"中心——外围"贫困格局及影响因素[J].人文地理, 2017, 32(5):40-47.[Yuan Yuan, Gu Yeheng, Xiao Yang. The spatial pattern and driving forces of poverty between central-city and outer-suburb in China[J]. Human Geography, 2017,32(5):40-47.]
|
[28] |
李紫晴,袁媛,梁璐,等.国外女性贫困研究进展与启示——基于地理学领域的研究[J].人文地理,2020,35(1):19-27.[Li Ziqing, Yuan Yuan, Liang Lu, et al. Reviews on foreign female poverty studies and its enlightenment:Based on geography area[J]. Human Geography, 2020,35(1):19-27.]
|
[29] |
何深静,刘玉亭,吴缚龙.南京市不同社会群体的贫困集聚度、贫困特征及其决定因素[J].地理研究,2010,29(4):703-715.[He Shenjing, Liu Yuting, Wu Fulong. Poverty profiles and poverty determinants of different social groups in Nanjing[J]. Geographical Research, 2010,29(4):703-715.]
|
[30] |
刘玉亭,吴缚龙,何深静,等.转型期城市低收入邻里的类型、特征和产生机制:以南京市为例[J].地理研究,2006,25(6):1073-1082.[Liu Yuting, Wu Fulong, He Shenjing, et al. Typology, features and mechanism of urban low-income neighbourhoods under market transition:A case study of Nanjing[J]. Geographical Research, 2006,25(6):1073-1082.]
|
[31] |
柳林,杨刚斌,何深静.市场转型期中国大城市低收入社区住房分异研究[J].地理科学,2014,34(8):897-906.[Liu Lin, Yang Gangbin, He Shenjing. Housing differentiation in low-income neighbourhoods in large Chinese cities under market transition[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2014,34(8):897-906.]
|
[32] |
Li Zhigang, Wu Fulong. Tenure-based residential segregation in post-reform Chinese cities:A case study of Shanghai[J]. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 2008,33(3):404-419.
|
[33] |
任远,陶力.本地化的社会资本与促进流动人口的社会融合[J].人口研究,2012,36(5):47-57.[Ren Yuan, Tao Li. Localized social capital and social integration of migrants in urban China[J]. Population Research, 2012,36(5):47-57.]
|
[34] |
孙哲,陈映芳.农民工权利资格问题反思:以"多重身份"为视角[J].南京社会科学,2016,341(3):45-51.[Sun Zhe, Chen Yingfang. Reflection on the entitlement of migrant workers:In the perspective of "multiple-identities"[J]. Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences, 2016,341(3):45-51.]
|
[35] |
上海市人民政府.上海市城市总体规划(1999-2020)[Z].1999.[Shanghai Municipal People's Government. Shanghai Master Plan (1999-2020). 1999.]
|
[36] |
国务院办公厅.国务院关于解决城市低收入家庭住房困难的若干意见[Z]. 2007.[General Office of the State Council of PRC. Comments on Solutions To Housing Difficulties of Low-Incoming Families in Urban Area[Z]. 2007.]
|
[37] |
李志刚,吴缚龙.转型期上海社会空间分异研究[J].地理学报, 2006,61(2):199-211.[Li Zhigang, Wu Fulong. Socio-spatial differentiation in transitional Shanghai[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006,61(2):199-211.]
|
[38] |
黄怡.大都市核心区的社会空间隔离——以上海市静安区南京西路街道为例[J].城市规划学刊,2006(3):76-84.[Huang Yi. Sociospatial segregation in metropolitan nuclei areas:A case study of Nanjing Xilu street, Shanghai[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2006(3):76-84.]
|
[39] |
Yuan Yuan, Wu Fulong. The development of the index of multiple deprivations from small-area population census in the city of Guangzhou, PRC[J]. Habitat International, 2014,41:142-149.
|
[40] |
Harris R. Visualising the scales of ethnic diversity in London using a multilevel entropy index[J]. Environment and Planning A, 2020, 52(7):1239-1242.
|
[41] |
Thiel H, Finezza A J. A note on the measurement of racial integration of schools by means of informational concepts[J]. Journal of Mathematical Sociology, 1971,1(2):187-194.
|
[42] |
Moran A P P. Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena[J]. Biometrika, 1950,37(1):17-23.
|
[43] |
Getis A, Ord J K. The analysis of spatial association by use of distance statistics[J]. Geographical Analysis, 1992,24(3):189-206.
|
[44] |
陈映芳.都市大开发:空间生产的政治社会学[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2009:1-683.[Chen Yingfang, Metropolitan Development:Politics and Sociology of Space Production[M]. Shanghai:Shanghai Classics Publishing House, 2009:1-683.]
|
[45] |
ODPM, Cabinet Office. Improving the Prospects of People Living in Areas of Multiple Deprivation in England[Z]. London:HM Stationary Office, 2005.
|
[46] |
吴缚龙,宁越敏.转型期中国城市的社会融合[M].北京:科学出版社,2018:1-204.[Wu Fulong, Ning Yuemin. Migrant Social Integration in Urban China[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2018:1-204.]
|
|
|
|