|
|
|
| SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION EVOLUTION AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF DATA CENTERS IN CHINA |
| WANG Lei1,2, CHEN Dong-lin1,2, WANG Jian-cheng1,2, FU Min1,2 |
1. School of Economics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China;
2. Hubei Provincial Research Center for E-Business Big Data Engineering Technology, Wuhan 430070, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Exploring the evolution and influencing factors of the spatial distribution of data centers in China is of great significance for promoting the construction of a green, intensive, balanced, and interconnected nationwide integrated data center system, thereby supporting the development of the digital economy. The study, based on the data from Chinese data centers from 2016 to 2022, employs methods such as the nearest neighbor index, imbalance index, and kernel density analysis to elucidate the evolutionary characteristics of the spatial distribution of data centers. Additionally, it utilizes a negative binomial regression model to further investigate the factors influencing the spatial distribution of data centers. The results show that: 1) The spatial distribution of data centers exhibits a significant hierarchical effect, evolving from the initial "east > central > west" gradient pattern to a new pattern of "east > west > central," and it is gradually progressing towards a national integrated data center system characterized by green, intensive, balanced, and interconnected features. 2) The agglomeration and regional disequilibrium characteristics of data centers are evident, showing a pattern of "dense east and sparse west" with the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta regions as the core clusters. 3) Multiple factors, including cost control, policy environment, and market demand jointly influence the spatial distribution of data centers.
|
|
Received: 07 May 2024
|
|
|
|
Corresponding Authors:
10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2025.02.012
E-mail: chendl@whut.edu.cn。
|
|
|
|
| [1] |
米加宁,李大宇,董昌其.算力驱动的新质生产力:本质特征、基础逻辑与国家治理现代化[J].公共管理学报,2024,21(2):1-14,170.[Mi Jianing, Li Dayu, Dong Changqi. New quality productive forces driven by computational power:Essential characteristics, foundational logic and modernization of national governance[J]. Journal of Public Management, 2024,21(2):1-14,170.]
|
| [2] |
吴翌琳,王天琪.数字经济的统计界定和产业分类研究[J].统计研究,2021,38(6):18-29.[Wu Yilin, Wang Tianqi. Research on the statistical definition and industrial classification of digital economy[J]. Statistical Research, 2021,38(6):18-29.]
|
| [3] |
Zhu H, Zhang D, Goh H H, et al. Future data center energyconservation and emission-reduction technologies in the context of smart and low-carbon city construction[J]. Sustainable Cities and Society, 2023,89:104322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.104322.
|
| [4] |
陈晓红,曹廖滢,陈姣龙,等.我国算力发展的需求、电力能耗及绿色低碳转型对策[J].中国科学院院刊,2024,39(3):528-539.[Chen Xiaohong, Cao Liaoying, Chen Jiaolong, et al. Development demand, power energy consumption and green and low-carbon transition for computing power in China[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2024,39(3):528-539.]
|
| [5] |
Wang Q, Kwan M P, Fan J, et al. A study on the spatial distribution of the renewable energy industries in China and their driving factors[J]. Renewable Energy, 2019,139:161-175.
|
| [6] |
Cao Y, Zhang S. Facilitating the provision of load flexibility to the power system by data centers:A hybrid research method applied to China[J]. Utilities Policy, 2023,84:101636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2023.101636.
|
| [7] |
Mccrea T P. Sensing the cloud:A materialist spatial analysis of data centers and critical conceptualization[D]. Washington:University of Washington, 2021.
|
| [8] |
Carr C, Bast D, Madron K, et al. Mapping the clouds:The matter of data centers[J]. Journal of Maps, 2022,18(1):106-113.
|
| [9] |
Bast D, Carr C, Madron K, et al. Four reasons why data centers matter, five implications of their social spatial distribution, one graphic to visualize them[J]. Environment and Planning A:Economy and Space, 2022,54(3):441-445.
|
| [10] |
Saunavaara J, Laine A, Salo M. The Nordic societies and the development of the data centre industry:Digital transformation meets in‐frastructural and industrial inheritance[J]. Technology in Society, 2022,69:101931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.101931.
|
| [11] |
李源,刘承良,毛炜圣,等.全球数据中心扩张的空间特征与区位选择[J].地理学报,2023,78(8):1936-1954.[Li Yuan, Liu Chengliang, Mao Weisheng, et al. Spatial characteristics and location selection of global data center expansion[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2023, 78(8):1936-1954.]
|
| [12] |
王姣娥,杜方叶,肖凡.新型基础设施的空间布局模式研究:以大型数据中心为例[J].地理学报,2023,78(2):259-272.[Wang Jiao'e, Du Fangye, Xiao Fan. Spatial evolution of new infrastructure and its determinants:A case study of big data centers[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2023,78(2):259-272.]
|
| [13] |
覃小华,李星明,陈伟,等.长江经济带少数民族特色村寨的地域空间格局与影响因素[J].人文地理,2022,37(3):118-130.[Qin Xiaohua, Li Xingming, Chen Wei, et al. Spatial pattern and influencing factors of ethnic minority villages in the Yangtze River Economic Belt[J]. Human Geography, 2022,37(3):118-130.]
|
| [14] |
厉新建,殷婷婷,李姗,等.中国露营地空间分布及其影响机制[J].经济地理,2023,43(5):205-218.[Li Xinjian, Yin Tingting, Li Shan, et al. Spatial distribution and influencing mechanism of campsites in China[J]. Economic Geography, 2023,43(5):205-218.]
|
| [15] |
王娟,丁宣文.携程旅行网旅游"新零售"空间格局及形成机制:以上海市线下门店为例[J].人文地理,2022,37(5):183-192.[Wang Juan, Ding Xuanwen. Spatial pattern and forming mechanism of new tourism retail in ctrip:A case study of offline stores in Shanghai[J]. Human Geography, 2022,37(5):183-192.]
|
| [16] |
Liu R, Sun W, Hu W. Workload based geo-distributed data center planning in fast developing economies[J]. IEEE Access, 2020, 8:224269-224282.
|
| [17] |
Cao Z, Zhou X, Hu H, et al. Toward a systematic survey for carbon neutral data centers[J]. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 2022,24(2):895-936.
|
| [18] |
Chen L, Wemhoff A P. The sustainability benefits of economization in data centers containing chilled water systems[J]. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2023,196:107053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2023.107053.
|
| [19] |
Keskin I, Soykan G. Reliability, availability, and life-cycle cost (LCC) analysis of combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) integration to data centers considering electricity and cooling supplies[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2023,291:117254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2023.117254.
|
| [20] |
Kaur K, Garg S, Aujla G S, et al. A multi-objective optimization scheme for job scheduling in sustainable cloud data centers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing, 2022,10(1):172-186.
|
| [21] |
Wang J, Deng H, Liu Y, et al. Coordinated optimal scheduling of integrated energy system for data center based on computing load shifting[J]. Energy, 2023,267:126585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.126585.
|
| [22] |
Wang F, Lv C, Xu J. Carbon awareness oriented data center location and configuration:An integrated optimization method[J]. Energy, 2023, 278:127744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.127744.
|
| [23] |
Kheybari S, Monfared M D, Farazmand H, et al. Sustainable location selection of data centers:Developing a multi-criteria setcovering decision-making methodology[J]. International Journal of Information Technology&Decision Making, 2020,19(3):741-773.
|
| [24] |
许吉黎,叶玉瑶,郭杰,等.国内外地理学视角下数字基础设施的研究进展与展望[J].地理科学, 2024, 44(4):586-597.[Xu Jili, Ye Yuyao, Guo Jie, et al. Research progress and prospects of digital infrastructure from a geographical perspective in and out of China[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2024,44(4):586-597.]
|
| [25] |
顾朝林,曹根榕,顾江,等.中国面向高质量发展的基础设施空间布局研究[J].经济地理,2020,40(5):1-9.[Gu Chaolin, Cao Genrong, Gu Jiang, et al. Research on spatial layout of the infrastructure in China:Toward a high quality development[J]. Economic Geography, 2020,40(5):1-9.]
|
| [26] |
张英浩,汪明峰,汪凡,等.长三角地区新型基础设施建设的地理格局及影响因素:以5G基站为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2022,31(12):2557-2567.[Zhang Yinghao, Wang Mingfeng, Wang Fan, et al. Geographical pattern and influencing factors of new infrastructure construction in Yangtze River Delta Region:Taking 5G base station as an example[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2022,31(12):2557-2567.]
|
| [27] |
徐维祥,陈展驰,周建平,等.中国新型基础设施的格局及影响因素分析:以新能源汽车充电桩为例[J].经济问题探索,2023(7):43-53.[Xu Weixiang, Chen Zhanchi, Zhou Jianping, et al. The pattern and influencing factors of new infrastructure in China:Take the charging pile of new energy vehicles as an example[J]. Inquiry into Economic Issues, 2023(7):43-53.]
|
| [28] |
邹伟勇,熊云军.中国城市人工智能发展的时空演化特征及其影响因素[J].地理科学,2022,42(7):1207-1217.[Zou Weiyong, Xiong Yunjun. Spatio-temproral evolution characteristics of AI development in Chinese cities and its influencing factors[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2022,42(7):1207-1217.]
|
| [29] |
张佩,王姣娥,肖凡.中国新基建发展的时空演变及驱动因素[J].地理科学进展,2023,42(2):209-220.[Zhang Pei, Wang Jiao'e, Xiao Fan. Spatial evolution and determinants of new infrastructure development in China[J]. Progress in Geography, 2023,42(2):209-220.]
|
| [30] |
余军,章坤,谢朝武.厦门市数字经济核心企业空间分布格局演化及影响因素[J].人文地理,2023,38(2):126-136.[Yu Jun, Zhang Kun, Xie Chaowu. Spatial pattern evolution and influencing factors of digital economy core firms in Xiamen[J]. Human Geography, 2023,38(2):126-136.]
|
| [31] |
Fisher E O. Heckscher-Ohlin theory when countries have different technologies[J]. International Review of Economics&Finance, 2011,20(2):202-210.
|
| [32] |
Krugman P. Increasing returns and economic geography[J]. Journal of Political Economy, 1999,99(3):483-499.
|
| [33] |
俞立平,章美娇,王作功.中国地区高技术产业政策评估及影响因素研究[J].科学学研究,2018,36(1):28-36.[Yu Liping, Zhang Meijiao, Wang Zuogong. The study of the performance evaluation of regional hi-tech industrial policies and the influencing factors[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2018,36(1):28-36.]
|
| [34] |
王建冬,于施洋,窦悦.东数西算:我国数据跨域流通的总体框架和实施路径研究[J].电子政务,2020(3):13-21.[Wang Jiandong, Yu Shiyang, Dou Yue. East-west computing transfer:Overall framework and implementation path of cross-domain data circulation in China[J]. E-Government, 2020(3):13-21.]
|
| [35] |
易成岐,窦悦,陈东,等.全国一体化大数据中心协同创新体系:总体框架与战略价值[J].电子政务,2021(6):2-10.[Yi Chengqi, Dou Yue, Chen Dong, et al. National integrated data center collaborative innovation system:Overall framework and strategic value[J]. EGovernment, 2021(6):2-10.]
|
| [36] |
Turek D, Radgen P. Optimized data center site selectionmesoclimatic effects on data center energy consumption and costs[J]. Energy Efficiency, 2021, 14(3):33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-021-09947-y.
|
| [37] |
Knapp K J, Denney G D, Barner M E. Key issues in data center security:An investigation of government audit reports[J]. Government Information Quarterly, 2011,28(4):533-541.
|
| [38] |
Lourenco R B R, Figueiredo G B, Tornatore M, et al. Data evacuation from data centers in disaster-affected regions through softwaredefined satellite networks[J]. Computer Networks, 2019, 148:88-100.
|
| [39] |
叶琴,徐晓磊,胡森林,等.长三角人工智能产业空间格局及影响因素[J].长江流域资源与环境, 2022, 31(3):526-536.[Ye Qin, Xu Xiaolei, Hu Senlin, et al. Pattern and impact factors of artificial intelligence industries'distribution in Yangtze River Delta[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2022, 31(3):526-536.]
|
|
|
|
2025, Vol. 40 
