Efficiency analysis is an optimization-based index widely used to measure the relative efficiencies of a transport system. However, the literature on transport efficiency mainly focused on transport agencies, and pays little attention to the efficiency of regional transport network from geographical perspective. Transport network efficiency refers to the comparison between the real values of the ability that meets the demand for passenger and freight traffic with the optimal values during the process of transport network development, with spatial, temporal and social economic characteristics. Based on the road and railway network data of 1988, 1998 and 2008 in the Pearl River Delta(PRD), this paper presents and evaluates transport networkbased efficiency measures for assessing the network efficiency of the transport network in the Pearl River Delta(PRD) over the period 1988-2008. In this paper, the network-based efficiency measures consider the relative ease of access in terms of weighted network travel cost within the network. Compared with traditional accessibility measures, the network-based efficiency measures are capable of measuring and single out the effect of transport infrastructure improvements. Finally, our findings suggest that future development of transport network in China should be improved by restructuring and optimizing the transport network structure, especially to the necessity of building an open and efficient integrated transport system.