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Current Issue

	2018 Vol.33 Issue.6,Published 2018-12-15

	1	PROGRESS IN URBAN HEALTH GEOGRAPHY USING COMPLEXITY THEORY
		HU Hong, XU Jian-gang
		Medical geography shifted its focus from the geographical distribution of diseases to a wider concept of health in 1990s. Health geography then has gradually developed as a new branch of medical geography. The urban public health problems are complex and rooted in the complicated geographical spaces. However, the academic community has been mainly analyzing such complex multi-factor relationship for decades by using models and hypothesis from the perspective of reductionism. Since the effects of proximity to disease sources on health are nonlinear and the existence of triads of urban space results in health inequality, the reductionism has certain limitations to capture these complex nonlinear and nested relationships between multiple health indicators. Employing the complexity theory, this paper aims to understand the urban health system as a complex system with fundamental attributes such as openness, components with limited ‘knowledge’ of each other, self-organization, path dependence, emergence, positive feedback, and lock-in. It analyzes the mechanisms in urban health geography from the perspective of complexity theory and the production of space. Under the interaction of the built environment, urban administration policy, and social space, the dynamics of individual health are affected by the internal factors at city level and the external factors at regional and global level. Three types of health outcomes, disease transmission, chronic diseases and mental illnesses are finally formed. Complex theory can be used to analyze three major issues in urban health geography, urban environmental exposure and urban residents' health, urban health care and medical policies, global environmental change and urban residents' health risks. This paper proposes a conceptual framework to study urban health geography from the perspective of complexity theory. It includes three stages and two processes.
		2018 Vol. 33 (6): 1-8 [Abstract] ( 169 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1539KB] ( 1373 )

	9	EIGHT DIMENSIONAL SPACE IDEOLOGY IN LAND USE
		ZHANG Zhan-lu, ZHAO Qian-yu
		The nature of land is a range of space under, around and above land surface, whilst land use is the exercise to allocate land usages and land functions in this range of space. This paper is aimed at deconstructing the dimensions of land use space, building the low-to-high dimensional land use space theory, and hereby extending and expanding the concept of modern land use. The method of Thematic Analysis is employed. The results of this study are:1) eight aspects of land use dimensions, say growth poles, axis development, plaque development, stereoscopic exploitation, timesharing land use, mixed uses, functional superposition and space sharing, are identified regarding land use; 2) a relatively tight relevance exit among different land use dimensions, which can be classified into three types:the spatial, the temporal and the functional; 3) lowto-high eight dimensional land use ideology is built on the base the growth pole development, i.e. the zero or the initial dimension. The combinations and correlations among land use dimensions are the foundation of the development of land use from low dimension to high dimension. The development and change of land use dimension are not only restricted by natural factors, but also influenced by human factors. Various factors interact to form the dynamic mechanism, which promotes the development of land use dimension and the transformation of land use to high-dimensional and comprehensive direction. Finally, the conclusion that the eight dimensional land use ideology is benefit for increasing the knowledge of people in allocating land usages and land functions, thus in favor of modern land use innovation is drawn.
		2018 Vol. 33 (6): 9-17 [Abstract] ( 142 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1943KB] ( 1380 )

	18	THE PROGRESS AND ENLIGHTENMENT OF MEMORY RESEARCH FROM THE TOURISM GEOGRAPHY PERSPECTIVE
		WU Wen-jia, SUN Jiu-xia
		Memory, as well as an interdisciplinary concept, has already become a flourishing research field in current western humanities and social sciences academia. Since the 1990s, with the tourism boom and memory turn, tourism geographers from both China and western countries have started to pay attention to memoryrelated researches. This article reviews relevant literatures on memory in social science studies and proposes potential research suggestions to tourism studies in both Chinese and western academia. Firstly, we summarize the general situation of memory studies, including theoretical origins and contributions of different disciplines, especially the one tourism geography makes. Secondly, themes of memory studies in tourism geography have been detected, which are memories represented by physical landscape and meaning production, memory, ritual and identity, and the interplays between tourists' emotional experience and place construction. We find that memory studies in tourism context not only produce a bunch of cultural meanings, but also are conducted under plural geographical scales. Topics are covered on both international relations and national identities, and everyday practice of grassroots with meaning production. However, academia pays less attention to theory development than case studies in memory related studies in human geography research. What should be noticed is that there has not yet formed a fixed research paradigm for memory studies in tourism geography, where geographers draw lessons from other subjects like sociology and psychology. More efforts should be made to systematic research contents and diverse methods can be applied specifically in tourism researches.
		2018 Vol. 33 (6): 18-27 [Abstract] ( 219 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1279KB] ( 1544 )

	28	RESEARCH ON THE MEDICAL SERVICE CONSUMPTION SPACE AND ITS SOCIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF URBAN RESIDENTS IN SMALL AND MIDDLE-SIZED CITIES BASED ON INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIORS: AND DISCUSS THE COMPARISON WITH MEGA CITIES
		GAO Jun-bo, HAN Yong, YU Chao, ZHANG Yong-xian, YAN Jun-hui
		Medical services are important in urban resident's daily life, its scientific provision and effective consumption is the guarantee of high-quality urban life. This paper study the daily medical service consumption and social differential in small-middle-sized cities based on the daily medical service consumption data, using standard deviational ellipse and social network analysis method, and then compare that with the megacities. The results show that making the highest level comprehensive hospital as the center, the medical service institution selection of urban residents in small-middle-sized cities form multi-center network structure with the characteristics of "one super and several strong center coexist", and the travel space form the Coreperipheral pattern. The social differentiation characteristics of medical service consumption traveling space of different income groups in small and medium-sized cities will become more and more prominent,and gradually demonstrate the social differentiation trend of the daily life space of residents in small and mediumsized cities. As the whole, the travel space of medical service consumption in small-middle-sized cities increase with resident's educational level, but inverse with residents getting older.
		2018 Vol. 33 (6): 28-34,86 [Abstract] ( 218 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2190KB] ( 904 )

	35	CHARACTERISTICS OF ACTIVITY SPACE AND COMMUNITY DIFFERENTIATION IN CHANGCHUN: A STUDY USING MOBILE PHONE SIGNALING DATA
		YAN Qing, LI Cheng-gu, CHEN Cai, LUO Feng-long
		The spatial and temporal behavior of the residents has become an important perspective of the perspective of urban space. This paper preliminarily explores the behavior space of residents and urban social space. This paper reveals the regularities of distribution of living space, employment space and consumption and leisure space roughly, and then we can understand the urban space from the perspective of the process and pattern of human-environment interaction. The provincial government and its surrounding areas become the regions with the highest utilization rate of space. The residents' activity space presents a typical circle structure. Taking the provincial government as the center, the population activity density is decreasing gradually. Population activities are characterized by concentration in the daytime and dispersion at night. Population activities are also concentrated in the working days and dispersed in the rest days. The paper finds that the dependence of residential activities on central urban area is very high, which is significantly higher than the employment activities and consumption and leisure activities. The lag of the development of the third industry leads to the lack of distinctions in the division of employment space. The employment activities present a multi center continuous development pattern. In addition to the traditional commercial center, the Eurasia shopping mall in the outskirts of the city and Jingyuetan forest park in the suburbs have become important choices for people to consume leisure activities. There are significant differences in the community of employment distance and consumption and leisure distance, which reflects the complexity of the three types of activities.
		2018 Vol. 33 (6): 35-43 [Abstract] ( 196 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4380KB] ( 1849 )

	44	CLASS MOBILITY: MANICURISTS' SPATIAL STRATEGIES AND IDENTITY NEGOTIATION
		CAI Xiao-mei, LIU Mei-xin, PENG Xing-xing
		Class mobility has been the research focus of social science. Existing literature has noted that the dynamics of Class mobility is inextricably interwoven with identity politics and emphasized how cultural capital and education promote class mobility, yet relatively less attention has been paid to how class identity is spatially constituted from a geographical perspective. In the context of China's rural-urban division, space always already implies the possibility of class mobility. This article explores how underclass achieve upward mobility through spatial tactics and identity negotiation. By deploying qualitative methods including indepth interview, participant observation and text analysis, this paper focuses on the identity politics of manicurists working at the middle and high-end nail salons in Guangzhou, and in particular how occupational identity facilitates and reconstruct their perception of class and how they perform and negotiate identity in different spaces. The article found that:1) In the working space, the material decoration, body consumption discipline and the interpersonal interaction with consumers have cooperatively stimulated manicurists' aspiration for high urban class and embodied their imagination of class; 2) Although manicurists try to perform their similarities and urbanity with upper class through their embodied and symbolic consumption, they cannot achieve identity reconstruction and class mobility and integrate into space of urban class; 3) In the hometown space, manicurists show their distinction with other rural workers by performing urbanity's daily consumption, entrepreneurship and different living space in order to achieve self-transformation and upward class mobility and businessmen at small towns.
		2018 Vol. 33 (6): 44-52 [Abstract] ( 253 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1671KB] ( 1398 )

	53	SPATIAL RECONSTRUCTION OF BEICHUAN RUINED COUNTRY TOWN POST-EARTHQUAKE BASED ON COLLECTIVE MEMORY THEORY
		QIAN Li-li, ZHANG Jie, ZHENG Chun-hui, ZHANG Hong-lei, GUO Yong-rui, YAN Bin-jing
		Collective memory is related with time and space, which plays an important role in arousing the relationship between people and place and building sense of place. Thus, it is an important theory for the studies of post-disaster recovery and place reconstruction.This paper takes the ruined country town of Beichuan, which was the most stricken area in 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake, as a study case, and local residents as study samples, to explore the aroused collective memory of local residents post-quake through questionnaires and interviews. Through the method ofmental map and spatial analysis of GIS, itexplores the differences among the official exhibition space, collective cognition-emotion space and collective behaviors space of local residents, which reflects the interaction mechanism between the official exhibition space and the locals' mental space through collective memory. The study also discovers the contents of locals' collective memory, finds that the daily life memory before quake, and the disaster memoryafter quake mixed together, which contribute to complex emotions, includingsorrow, fear, sympathize, calm, yearning, happy, grateful, pride and so on. Although the specific spacestriggerthe negative emotion mostly, the residents are still full of highly positive sense of place attachment and place identity towards the whole town.
		2018 Vol. 33 (6): 53-61 [Abstract] ( 269 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5745KB] ( 1373 )

	62	STUDY ON THE SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF URBAN AMENITIES BASED ON NETWORK BIG DATA: A CASE STUDY OF CENTRAL URBAN AREA OF NANJING
		SUN Hong-hu, ZHEN Feng, LUOSANG Zha-xi
		At present, the rate of urbanization in China has reached 58.52%, under the background of new urbanization strategy, urban development has entered the stage of intensive urbanization with emphasis on the quality improvement and importance of putting people first. And the main contradiction of our society has also been transformed into the contradiction between the growing demand for better life and the unbalanced and inadequately development. Therefore, in order to improve the attraction, meet the growing demand for quality of life, promote the social justice, the strategy of urban development based on amenity is of great significance and value to the transformation of urbanization in a new stage of urbanization in China. Focus on improving the quality of life of urban residents, taking the amenity as the research content, the amenity measurement system is built around the two dimensions of supply and demand. And then taking the central urban area of Nanjing as a case, the spatial characteristics of the supply and demand of urban amenities are analyzed based on network big data with multi-source. The results show that:1) The supply and demand relationship of urban amenities are diverse and the spatial distribution is similar; 2) Most of the amenity supply in main urban area is less than the demand, the amenity in sub-urban area is on the basis of the low supply and demand balance, and less supply than demand; 3) the level of convenience supply and demand is not high in the central urban area.
		2018 Vol. 33 (6): 62-68,151 [Abstract] ( 248 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5429KB] ( 1545 )

	69	STUDY ON THE RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN URBANIZATION AND WATER RESOURCES UTILIZATION OF CHANGSHA-ZHUZHOU-XIANGTAN URBAN AGGLOMERATION
		XIONG Ying, SU Meng-ting, ZHANG Fang-ming, LI Jing-zhi
		By using analytic hierarchy process and entropy method, the evaluation index system and the response relationship model of comprehensive development level of urbanization and comprehensive development and utilization potential of water resources in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration were constructed, with the key affecting factors, their change characteristics, and response characteristics from 2001 to 2015 analyzed. The results show that the study region was undergoing a rapid development of urbanization and at a scale expansion stage. The urbanization level of economy was lagged behind that of population, society and space, which is not coordinated, and the quality of urbanization development needs to be improved. The water resources utilization efficiency and the quality of management increase gradually, while the load of water resources increases as well in response of the advance of urbanization. And natural endowments and utilization of water resources were more affected by regional hydrological conditions. In the year of 2001、2005、2007、2009、2011, the development of urbanization was constrained to some extent by the environment of water resources. In accelerating the process of new-type urbanization in ChangshaZhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration, it would be necessary to reform the traditional epitaxial expansion of urbanization and make efficiently use of water resources to enhance the water resource support capability.
		2018 Vol. 33 (6): 69-76 [Abstract] ( 182 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1647KB] ( 938 )

	77	NETWORK STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION ANALYSIS OF URBAN ECONOMIC CONNECTION IN THE YUNNAN-GUIZHOU-GUANGXI PROVINCIAL BORDER REGION
		JIAO Shi-tai, WANG Peng, DAI Qi-wen, HU Sen-lin
		This paper studies 29 cities and towns in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi provincial border area. We construct an evaluation index system of urban centrality, and use the improved entropy method to measure the urban centrality score, to evaluate the evolution of the regional economic spatial structure in the YunnanGuizhou-Guangxi provincial border area. The modified gravity model is used to measure the economic connection intensity between cities and towns in 1995, 2004, and 2014. The spatial pattern of urban economic connection intensity, and evolution characteristics of urban hierarchy system are analyzed by means of GIS techniques. Finally, we use social network method to examine the urban economic spatial connection and network evolution. We have the following conclusions:the center cities are in the process of forming in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi provincial border area; the economic center is shifting from south to north, from Youjiang District as the single center to XingyiCity, Youjiang District and Wenshan City as the new three centers, and to Xingyi City as the strong center with Pingguo County and Jingxi City as the potential sub-centers.
		2018 Vol. 33 (6): 77-86 [Abstract] ( 115 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3445KB] ( 1223 )

	87	SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION AND INFLUENCE FACTORS ANALYSIS OF COUNTY REGION HOUSING PRICES IN THE YANGTZE RIVER DELTA
		HAN Yan-hong, YIN Shang-gang, LI Zai-jun
		This paper is based on the data of the housing prices of 135 regions and counties from Yangtze River Delta between 2014 and 2016. Through the methods of spatial extraction of the data, the calculation of the difference index and the hot spot analysis, the paper makes a research on the spatial differentiation pattern of housing prices in Yangtze River Delta. The results indicate that the housing prices spatial variation pattern of Yangtze River Delta is consistent with its urban system structure and the distribution characteristic is multi polar nuclei pattern. The imbalance of spatial differentiation of housing prices in Yangtze River Delta is increasing. The spatial distribution pattern of cold and hot spots is relatively stable. The fluctuation in the number of hot spots is declining but the fluctuation in the number of cold spots is increasing. On this foundation, this paper makes an analysis on the factors affecting the housing prices spatial variation in the Yangtze River Delta from economic resources, human resources, social resources and administrative resources by using multiple linear regression model. This paper is based on the data of the housing prices of 135 regions and counties from the Yangtze River Delta between 2014 and 2016. Through the methods of spatial extraction of the data, the calculation of the difference index and the hot spot analysis, the paper makes a research on the spatial differentiation pattern of housing prices in the Yangtze River Delta. The results indicate that the housing prices spatial variation pattern of the Yangtze River Delta is consistent with its urban system structure. The distribution characteristic is multi polar nuclei pattern. The differences in the internal of the city have little impact on the overall difference of the Yangtze River Delta. The spatial distribution pattern of cold and hot spots is relatively stable.
		2018 Vol. 33 (6): 87-95 [Abstract] ( 162 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4590KB] ( 1671 )

	96	THE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF URBAN CLUSTER SPATIAL STRUCTURE IN THE YANGTZE RIVER MIDDLE REACHES
		WANG Lei, GAO Qian
		In recent years, urban agglomeration has become the spatial subject of China's new urbanization, and it is of great significance to study the spatial structure of urban agglomeration. However, most existing literatures analyze the spatial structure of urban agglomeration from the perspective of population, which lacks multi-dimensional perspective and has limited reference value. Taking the middle reaches of the Yangtze River middle reaches urban agglomerations as the research object, this paper use the panel data of the Yangtze River middle reaches urban agglomerations from 2006 to 2015 to make an empirical study on the impact of urban agglomeration spatial structure on its economic performance from two aspects:population and industry. To achieve this goal, we use the rule of rank size and the Gini coefficient in space.Theresults show that polycentric spatial structure in population has significant positive influence on economic performance while the industry spatial agglomeration has a positive effect on the economic growth. The research also shows that capital input, infrastructure construction, government intervention, industrial structure and population size are the key factors affecting the economic performance of the Yangtze River middle reaches urban agglomerations.In the future, the Yangtze River middle reaches urban agglomerations can use population to guide industrial flow, so as to promote the multi-center development process.
		2018 Vol. 33 (6): 96-102 [Abstract] ( 157 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1480KB] ( 1362 )

	103	DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF PORT-CITIES IN AFRICAAND THE COMPARISON OF THEIR SCALE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PORTS AND CITIES
		REN Hang, ZHANG Zhen-ke, JIANG Sheng-nan, WANG Qing, HU Hao
		At present, the strategic position of African ports is becoming more and more important. With the growth of Sino African trade, the African port-cities have become important nodes linking the Sino-Africa trade network, which also have important functions of resource allocation. This paper focus on the development of African port cities, from the perspective of urban geography. The 34 African port-cities with container throughputs of more than 50,000 TEU in 2015 were selected as research objects, and the distribution pattern of major port cities in Africa also be discussed. The rank size rule is introduced to describe the distribution characteristics of the port system,and the relative concentration index (RCI) is used to compare the current situation of the port and port-city scale relationship of the 34 port cities at different level, in order to enrich the research content of the port-city relationship, and provide references for China's cooperation in trade and port investment with African countries. The result shows that:1)The major ports and urban systems in Africa conform to the rank size rule characteristics. 2)The overall port-cities system in the African continent is not perfect, and there is a widespread phenomenon that the primacy ratio of port-city is very high in most African coastal countries. 3)Some port-cities have a serious disconnection with the port and city scale. 4) There are significant differences in the development of port-cities in different African regions.
		2018 Vol. 33 (6): 103-111 [Abstract] ( 225 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1715KB] ( 2642 )

	112	STUDY ON DIFFERENTIATION OF GOVERNANCE MODEL AND ITS INFLUENCING MECHANISM ON THE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT OF DESTINATION: A CASE STUDY OF YULONG RIVER SCENIC ATTRACTION IN YANGSHUO
		YANG Yun, BAO Ji-gang
		How to achieve effective governance is an important topic in the sustainable development of destination. This paper takes the case of Yulong River Scenic Attraction in Yangshuo, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, as an example, to explore the types and characteristics of spatial differentiation of its governance model. Yet when the influence of different modes on tourism development are examined, it's found that different governance patterns produce different tourism development results. On the positive side, the model which the village and enterprise co-governance has multi participation, capital complementarity, mutual trust, hierarchical collaboration, information symmetry and mutual supervision, can achieve effective governance of both efficiency, order and fairness. On the other side, factors that hinder community-led or government-led model to achieve effective governance are also found, which sum up as the power imbalance of the main governors, the information asymmetry, the short-term instrumental logos, the supervision mechanism is difficult to play a sustained practical effect, and the governance ability of government corporate are insufficient. The research enriches the theoretical findings of tourism governance, and provides some practical implications for the choosing of governance models for other tourist destination.
		2018 Vol. 33 (6): 112-117,124 [Abstract] ( 267 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1959KB] ( 1894 )

	118	A STUDY ON CHANGES IN PRODUCTION ORGANIZATION IN TOURISM-BASED ETHNIC MINORITY COMMUNITIES: A COMMUNITY PERSPECTIVE
		SU Jing, SUN Jiu-xia
		The tourism development is rapidly reshaping traditional life style and modes of production in many ethnic minority communities and altering their natural surroundings. Against this research background, researchers have begun to attach importance to addressing problems arising from protecting ethnic minority culture while also advancing the tourism industry. However, the existing results mostly provide insight on the impact of tourism on ethnic minority communities. The majority of them follow a two dimensional tourism-ethnic minority community logic and overlook the global properties of community. Furthermore, most of studies are conducted with a priori hypothesis:new activities are attributed to the impact of tourism but research on the evolvement of development methods with a growing tourism industry is ignored. Despite the extensive research documentation on the impacts of tourism, results are often confusing thanks to the erroneous priori hypothesis prevalent in these studies. Building upon the aforementioned problems, this paper adopts community as a research perspective and object, and carries out a diachronic study with Basha Miao Village as the case study and conducts qualitative analysis. Our research suggests:a) diversification of the community is the major change of production mechanism with a growing tourism industry; b) against the backdrop of developing tourism, traditional ethnic minority community customs and practices have safeguarded the ways of production in the community, cushioning the impact of tourism on its traditional culture.
		2018 Vol. 33 (6): 118-124 [Abstract] ( 161 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1550KB] ( 1103 )

	125	ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE-AGENTS' SYMBIOTIC PATTERNS OF TOURISM COMMUNITY GOVERNANCE: BASED ON THE CASE OF TWO TYPICAL COMMUNITIES OF QINGHAI PROVINCE
		TANG Zhong-xia, LIU Meng-lin, XIANG Cheng, SHAO Li
		Tourism community is closely associated with the multiple agents of tourism, and the harmonious symbiosis of the different agents is essential for tourism community governance. Based on symbiotic theory, two typical communities of Qinghai Province are taken as the different study cases in this thesis. And then, the objects of the study focus on the local governments, community residents, tourists, and the companies on tourism in Qinghai Province. Furthermore, an analysis is done in the perspective of quantitative evaluation for both the symbiotic relationship and patterns of the different agents. By means of the structure of the theoretical models among the agents, research on relationships of the tourism community governance agents can be turned from the study perspective of both passive and positive attitudes to the agents' "win-win relation". The results show:1) there exists a positively symbiotic relationship among the tourism community governance agents; 2) the incidences of the tourism community governance agents are obviously discrepant; 3) different tourism community governance agents earn the different compact degrees of the symbiotic relevance; 4) such the symbiotic patterns of the symbiotic agents as governments, residents, companies and tourists belong to the positive symbiotic patterns.
		2018 Vol. 33 (6): 125-131 [Abstract] ( 153 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1658KB] ( 1330 )

	132	RESEARCH ON CHARACTERISTICS AND INFLUENCE MECHANISM OF WILLINGNESS TO INVEST IN TOURISM OF COMMUNITIES IN RECLAMATION AREA: A CASE STUDY FROM HULUNBUIR
		ZENG Yu-xi, ZHONG Lin-sheng, LIU Han-chu
		Community's participation with capital in tourism is crucial for remodeling human-nature relationship in RA (reclamation area), thus, promoting the transformation development of reclamation area needs us to study the willingness to invest in tourism among families in RA. In this paper, we developed a comprehensive analysis framework focusing on influence mechanism of the willingness to invest in tourism among families in reclamation area. Specifically, with an integrated conceptual framework including geography theory and TPB (theory of planned behavior), and an integration methodology consisted of Semantic Web, Pearson γ 2, K-means cluster, Bonferroni analysis, SNK comparison and two-step Logistic regression model. This research taken the RAH (reclamation area of HulunBuir) as an empirical case. Results shows that:1) The tourism investment willingness of the RAH community shows three distinct characteristics:geographical proximity, middle-aged subjectivity, and livelihood path dependence. 2) From the subjective factors affecting the investment tourism of residents in the RA, risk perception, prospect perception, community norms, policy norms, internal control and external control forces respectively generate risk aversion mechanism, prospect expectation mechanism, acquaintance transmission mechanism, institutional identification Mechanism, efficiency promotion mechanism and competitive incentive mechanism. 3) For communities with different objective conditions, the formation mechanism of their willingness to invest in tourism is similar and different.
		2018 Vol. 33 (6): 132-141 [Abstract] ( 167 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2116KB] ( 1348 )

	142	A STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF SPATIAL SCALE TO TOURISTS' SATISFACTION AND THE INTERMEDIARY ROLE OF SENTIMENTAL EXPERIENCE
		WANG Fang, XIE Chao-wu, WU Bi-hu
		With the arrival of the global mass tourism era in nowadays society, people pursuit continuously aesthetic perception and recreation experience of landscape, tourist attractions' trend of development that is more and more to focus on the satisfaction of the tourists' experience, but usually ignores the important of the essence for spatial scale design of landscape, which results in the losing of sentimental perception with spatial scale of landscape. The spatial scale of landscape is an important factor that affects the aesthetic experience of the tourists, however academics and scholars pay very little attention to the influential effect on it. This study constructs the relational model of the influence for landscape spatial scale to tourists' satisfaction which takes the novelty and the pleasure of tourists' sentimental experience as the intermediary role, then takes scenic spots in tourist attractions of Tianyoufeng mountain in Wuyishan country Nanpin city Fujian province and Riguangyan mountain in Gulangyu island form Xiamen city Fujian province as empirical examples, collects data through questionnaire survey and tests them by analysis tools of SPSS software. The theoretical contributions of this study expand the source elements of the theory for satisfaction and develop the theory with integration mechanism of material space and emotional experience, even more and more attention for study this field in future. premeditating the spatial conversion frequency and enhancing the emotional experience of tourists' appreciation.
		2018 Vol. 33 (6): 142-151 [Abstract] ( 136 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1105KB] ( 2066 )

	152	PROCESS OF THE TOURIST DESTINATION IMAGE ELEMENTS: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY BASED ON GROUNDED THEORY
		WANG Jun-yi, WU Jin-feng, WANG A-min
		Tourism destination image has an important impact on the choice behavior of tourist, whose connotation and formation mechanism are the focus and difficult issues in the international research of tourism destination image. On the basis of understanding the tourism destination image as a whole system, Image elementsare the basic unit of tourism destination image system, Image elements are the result of tourists' cognition of various attributes and activities of tourism destinations.This research serves online travel text as data source, takes the use of grounded theory to explore the cognitive process of the tourist destination image elements. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were adoptedin this research. Following three steps of the grounded theory:open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, the cognitive process model of the tourist destinationimage elements has been established. Chi-square test methods are used to study the dimension differences of the cognitive process of the tourism destination image elements. The results show that the cognitive process of the tourism destination image elements includes three processes:information acquisition, cognitive processing and factor changing. These three processes are interrelated. The process of information acquisition is the basic part of the cognitive process of the image element of tourism destination, including "multi-sensory experience", "interpersonal interaction" and "information search" three approaches. Cognitive processing is the core link of the cognitive process of image elements, consisting of "clustering" and "contrast" two approaches.
		2018 Vol. 33 (6): 152-160 [Abstract] ( 144 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1745KB] ( 2243 )

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