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| SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF EMPLOYMENT AND ITS EVOLUTION IN SHENZHEN CITY: 2001-2004 |
| ZENG Hai-hong1, MENG Xiao-chen2, LI Gui-cai1 |
1. College of Environmental and Urban Sciences, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China;
2. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China |
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Abstract In the 21st century, Chinese economy has entered into a crucial transition period with the reconstruction of the cities' morphology and internal spatial structure. This paper aims to explore the urban spatial structure of employment and its evolution under this background in Shenzhen city which has been a manufacturing base of China since 1980 when the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) was set up. There are more than 60% of employees engaged in manufacturing industries which are distributed in the sub-urban or rural towns. The employee amount outside the SEZ is one and a half of that of inside the SEZ, which makes the city center not as influential as that in other cities. In this study, the authors use the data from economic census of Shenzhen in 2001 and 2004. Methods of frequency analysis, spatial density analysis, factor analysis and cluster analysis are used to analyze the employment spatial structure and its evolution. The results indicate that the total employment density of Shenzhen had a trend of descending and its spatial distribution was more dispersive in 2004 than in 2001, especially in the areas outside the SEZ. The manufacturing dominated areas suffered from the lack of employment more badly, while the western central area began to play an important role in the city's employment market. Traditional service sectors, such as trade, catering and social services, gave ways to the industries of scientific research, education, media and government organizations. The comprehensive effect from land development, infrastructure construction, industrial layout guide, as well as the mode of economic growth, land marketing and industrial cycle determined the trends of employment spatial structure in Shenzhen as follows: the overall spatial structure of employment is in the period of transition from the "ribbon groups" to the "net groups", but the development of these groups as well as the three axis are unbalanced. The spatial distribution of manufacturing employment is the most important factor affecting the city's employment spatial structure, while the suburbanization of the service sectors promot the development of the area outside the urban center. The spatial aggregations of advanced service sectors take shape in the urban center.
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Received: 11 January 2009
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2010, Vol. 25 
