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| AN APPROACH OF SPATIAL EVALUATION OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION IN CHINESE CITY |
| WANG Yang1, ZHANG Hong-ou1, JIN Li-xia1, YE Yu-yao1, WANG Chang-jian1, HUANG Geng-zhi1, LI Qiu-ying2 |
1. Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangzhou 510070, China;
2. Shandong Academy of Social Sciences, Jinan 250002, China |
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Abstract The pattern of social stratification in city is a core issue in the field of sociology and urban geography. However, rarely research catches the issue of spatial evaluation of social stratification in Chinese city. Therefore, we explore a new approach to evaluate spatial pattern of social stratification of Chinese city, and set forth a comprehensive framework including 5 socio-economic grades, 8 social classes, and 3 analysis aspects. The process of the approach is as follows:1) the social class are divided into 8 types of occupations including administrators of state and society, owners of enterprises, professionals, office clerks, individuallyowned business and commercial service persons, industrial workers, agricultural laborers, and unemployed persons; 2) 8 social class are classified into 5 socio-economic grades based on organizational resources, economic resources, and cultural resources occupied by people. 5 socio-economic grades we divided are upper classes, upper-middle classes, middle classes, lower-middle classes, and lower classes; 3) suitable spatial scale such as subdistrict or community is used to establish evaluate districts of social class; 4) the computational methods in terms of average social class (ASC), location quotient of social class (LQSC), and inequality indexes of social class (ISC) are proposed. The results show that:there exist obviously spatial agglomeration and spatial inequality of social class in Guangzhou.
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Received: 23 July 2016
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吴启焰,崔功豪.南京市居住空间分异特征及其形成机制[J].城市规划,1999,23(12):23-26.[Wu Qiyan, Cui Gonghao. The differential characteristics of residential space in Nanjing and its mechanism[J]. City Planning Review,1999,23(12):23-26.]
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顾朝林,王法辉,刘贵利.北京城市社会区分析[J].地理学报,2003, 58(6):917-926.[Gu Chaolin, Wang Fahui, Liu Guili. Study on urban social areas in Beijing[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2003,58(6):917-926.]
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Perle E D. Perspectives on the changing ecological structure of suburbia[J]. Urban Geography, 1981,2(3):237-254.
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Préteceille E. Is gentrification a useful paradigm to analyse social changes in the Paris metropolis[J]. Environment and Planning A, 2007,39(1):10-31.
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Noble M, Wright G, Smith G, et al. Measuring multiple deprivation at the small-area level[J]. Environment and planning A, 2006, 38(1):169-185.
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袁媛,吴缚龙.基于剥夺理论的城市社会空间评价与应用[J].城市规划学刊,2010(1):71-77.[Yuan Yuan, Wu Fulong. The evaluation of urban social space from the perspective of deprivation theory[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2010(1):71-77.]
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Shevky E, Bell W. Social Area Analysis[M]. Stanford. CA:Stanford University Press, 1955:1-36.
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袁媛,吴缚龙.基于剥夺理论的城市社会空间评价与应用[J].城市规划学刊,2010(1):71-77.[Yuan Yuan, Wu Fulong. The evaluation of urban social space from the perspective of deprivation theory[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2010(1):71-77.]
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Hoernig H, Seasons M. Monitoring of indicators in local and regional planning practice:Concepts and issues[J]. Planning, Practice & Research, 2004,19(1):81-99.
|
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Knox P, Pinch S. Urban Social Geography:An Introduction[M]. New York:Routledge, 2014:1-16.
|
| [15] |
Anderson T R, Bean L L. The Shevky-Bell social areas:Confirmation of results and a reinterpretation[J]. Social Forces, 1961,40(2):119-124.
|
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Knox P, Pinch S. Urban Social Geography:An Introduction[M]. New York:Routledge, 2014:1-16.
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|
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Townsend P. Deprivation[J]. Journal of Social Policy, 1987,16(2):125-146.
|
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Perle E D. Perspectives on the changing ecological structure of suburbia[J]. Urban Geography, 1981,2(3):237-254.
|
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Townsend P. Deprivation[J]. Journal of Social Policy, 1987,16(2):125-146.
|
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|
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Noble M, Wright G, Smith G, et al. Measuring multiple deprivation at the small-area level[J]. Environment and planning A, 2006, 38(1):169-185.
|
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Préteceille E. Is gentrification a useful paradigm to analyse social changes in the Paris metropolis[J]. Environment and Planning A, 2007,39(1):10-31.
|
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Noble M, Wright G, Smith G, et al. Measuring multiple deprivation at the small-area level[J]. Environment and planning A, 2006, 38(1):169-185.
|
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|
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周春山,刘洋,朱红.转型时期广州市社会区分析[J].地理学报, 2006,61(10):1046-1056.[Zhou Chunshan, Liu Yang, Zhu Hong. Analysis on social areas of Guangzhou city during the economic system transformation[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006,61(10):1046-1056.]
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Hoernig H, Seasons M. Monitoring of indicators in local and regional planning practice:Concepts and issues[J]. Planning, Practice & Research, 2004,19(1):81-99.
|
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冯健,周一星.北京都市区社会空间结构及其演化(1982-2000)[J].地理研究,2003,22(4):465-483.[Feng Jian, Zhou Yixing. The social spatial structure of Beijing metropolitan area and its evolution:1982-2000[J]. Geographical Research, 2003,22(4):465-483.]
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|
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袁媛,吴缚龙.基于剥夺理论的城市社会空间评价与应用[J].城市规划学刊,2010(1):71-77.[Yuan Yuan, Wu Fulong. The evaluation of urban social space from the perspective of deprivation theory[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2010(1):71-77.]
|
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冯健,周一星.北京都市区社会空间结构及其演化(1982-2000)[J].地理研究,2003,22(4):465-483.[Feng Jian, Zhou Yixing. The social spatial structure of Beijing metropolitan area and its evolution:1982-2000[J]. Geographical Research, 2003,22(4):465-483.]
|
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张利,雷军,张小雷,等.乌鲁木齐城市社会区分析[J].地理学报, 2012,67(6):817-828.[Zhang Li, Lei Jun, Zhang Xiaolei, et al. Analysis of the urban social areas in Urumqi[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012,67(6):817-828.]
|
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周春山,刘洋,朱红.转型时期广州市社会区分析[J].地理学报, 2006,61(10):1046-1056.[Zhou Chunshan, Liu Yang, Zhu Hong. Analysis on social areas of Guangzhou city during the economic system transformation[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006,61(10):1046-1056.]
|
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付磊,唐子来.改革开放以来上海社会空间结构演化的特征与趋势[J]. 人文地理,2009,24(1):33-40,57.[Fu Lei, Tang Zilai. The characters and trends of Shanghai's social spatial structure and its evolution since the reform and opening-up[J]. Human Geography, 2009,24(1):33-40, 57.]
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|
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周春山,刘洋,朱红.转型时期广州市社会区分析[J].地理学报, 2006,61(10):1046-1056.[Zhou Chunshan, Liu Yang, Zhu Hong. Analysis on social areas of Guangzhou city during the economic system transformation[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006,61(10):1046-1056.]
|
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付磊,唐子来.改革开放以来上海社会空间结构演化的特征与趋势[J]. 人文地理,2009,24(1):33-40,57.[Fu Lei, Tang Zilai. The characters and trends of Shanghai's social spatial structure and its evolution since the reform and opening-up[J]. Human Geography, 2009,24(1):33-40, 57.]
|
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Noble M, Wright G, Smith G, et al. Measuring multiple deprivation at the small-area level[J]. Environment and planning A, 2006, 38(1):169-185.
|
| [28] |
徐旳,汪珠,朱喜钢,等.南京城市社会区空间结构——基于第五次人口普查数据的因子生态分析[J].地理研究,2009,28(2):484-498.[Xu Di, Wang Zhu, Zhu Xigang, et al. The urban social areas in Nanjing:Analysis of the data based on the Fifth National Population Census[J]. Geographical Research, 2009,28(2):484-498.]
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Hoernig H, Seasons M. Monitoring of indicators in local and regional planning practice:Concepts and issues[J]. Planning, Practice & Research, 2004,19(1):81-99.
|
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许学强,胡华颖,叶嘉安.广州市社会空间结构的因子生态分析[J]. 地理学报,1989,44(4):385-399.[Xu Xueqiang, Hu Huaying, Ye Jia'an. A factorial ecological study of social spatial structure in Guangzhou[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1989,44(4):385-399.]
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冯健,周一星.北京都市区社会空间结构及其演化(1982-2000)[J].地理研究,2003,22(4):465-483.[Feng Jian, Zhou Yixing. The social spatial structure of Beijing metropolitan area and its evolution:1982-2000[J]. Geographical Research, 2003,22(4):465-483.]
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2017, Vol. 32 
