FROM ALIENATION TO RESONANCE: THE YEARNING LIFE OF TOURISM ENTREPRENEURIAL MIGRANTS
A Rong-na1, SUN Jiu-xia2
1. School of Tourism Management, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010020, China;
2. School of Tourism Management, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
Abstract Employing the alienation and resonance theory, we explore the mechanism behind the geographical flow of tourism entrepreneurial migrants, concerning Xizhou as an example. The migrants resist the modern life alienation that is common in cities and towns. Modifying the relationship with the society, they achieved resonance for the world through reconstructed lives in rural tourism destinations in four dimensions:Time, space, action, and dingwelt. They 1) achieved more autonomy to plan their time; 2) managed to re-shape the material and social space with the entrepreneurial business; 3) got rid of the unsatisfied labor and work pressure in the city, and found happiness and a sense of belonging; 4) identified a more profound significance and connection with dingwelt, either produce goods or consumer goods. However, alienation to a certain degree in one way or another is irresistible. Tourism destinations have already introduced modern society features through modernization, or urbanization. Through the social networks, either locally in Xizhou or remotely connected to other parts of the country, the momentum of the modern life habits makes the migrants anxious about their future. Rather than completely escaping from alienation, the migrants entered the cycle of re-alienation. Thus, the multi-faceted nature of alienation and resonance results in numerous thrust and pull during the migration process. The migrants are experiencing a life practice with multiple iterations of alienation and resonance.
陆杰华,刘芹.人口发展转向背景下中国人口学研究的重点领域及其展望[J].人口学刊,2019,41(3):5-15.[Lu Jiehua, Liu Qin. The research priorities and prospects of population studies in China under the background of population development shift[J]. Population Journal, 2019,41(3):5-15.]
[2]
孙九霞,周尚意,王宁,等.跨学科聚焦的新领域:流动的时间、空间与社会[J]. 地理研究,2016,35(10):1801-1818.[Sun Jiuxia, Zhou Shangyi, Wang Ning, et al. Mobility in geographical research:Time, space and society[J]. Geographical Research, 2016,35(10):1801-1818.]
[3]
杨钊,陆林.国外旅游移民研究综述[J].地理与地理信息科学,2005, 21(4):84-89.[Yang Zhao, Lu Lin. Summarization of foreign literature about tourism migration[J]. Geography and Geo-Information Science, 2004,21(4):84-89.]
[4]
Williams A, Hall C. Guest editorial:Tourism and Migration[J]. Tourism Geographies, 2000,2(1):2-4.
[5]
Uriely N. ‘Travelling workers’ and ‘working tourists’:Variations across the interaction between work and tourism[J]. International Journal of Tourism Research, 2001,3(1):1-8.
[6]
马少吟,徐红罡.从消费到生产:大理古城生活方式型旅游企业主移民的生存特征[J].旅游学刊,2016,31(5):81-88.[Ma Shaoyin, Xu Honggang. From consumption to production:Understanding the tourism lifestyle entrepreneur in Dali[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2016, 31(5):81-88.]
[7]
Bredvold R, Skålén P. Lifestyle entrepreneurs and their identity construction:A study of the tourism industry[J]. Tourism Management, 2016,56:96-105.
[8]
Rogerson C. Unpacking tourism SMMEs in South Africa:Structure, support needs and policy response[J]. Development South Africa, 2005,22(5):623-642.
[9]
Wilson L A. The family farm business? Insights into family, business and ownership dimensions of open farms[J]. Leisure Studies, 2007,26(3):357-374.
[10]
Thomas R. Small Firms in Tourism International Perspectives[M]. Amsterdam:Elesvier Ltd., 2004:99-114.
[11]
白凯,王晓娜.社会氛围对旅游劳工移民地方融入的影响研究——以丽江古城为例[J]. 人文地理,2018,33(5):133-142.[Bai Kai, Wang Xiaona. A research on the influence of social climate of tourism labor migrants' place integration:A case study on the old town of Lijiang[J]. Human Geography, 2018,33(5):133-142.]
[12]
张业臣,卢松,杨仲元,等.基于Web of Science的旅游移民研究知识图谱分析[J].安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,39(2):181-188.[Zhang Yechen, Lu Song, Yang Zhongyuan, et al. Knowledge map analysis of tourism migration research based on web of science[J]. Journal of Anhui Normal University (Natural Science), 2016, 39(2):181-188.]
[13]
崔芳芳,徐红罡.西递旅游劳工移民迁移动因研究[J].资源开发与市场,2012,28(10):908-912,916.[Cui Fangfang, Xu Honggang. Study on motivation of tourism labor migration in world heritage village Xidi[J]. Resource Development & Market, 2012,28(10):908-912,916.]
[14]
杨钊,程豪.自然观光地旅游企业主移民定居驱动机制探析——以黄山汤口为例[J].地理研究,2019,38(5):1147-1161.[Yang Zhao, Cheng Hao. Driving mechanism of tourism entrepreneurial migrants' settlement in natural sightseeing places:A case study of Tangkou[J]. Geographical Research, 2019,38(5):1147-1161.
[15]
Sun J, Ling L, Huang Z J. Tourism migrant workers:The internal integration from urban to rural destinations[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2020,84:1-16.
[16]
王舒媛,白凯.西安回坊旅游劳工移民的地方依恋与幸福感[J].旅游学刊,2017,32(10):12-27.[Wang Shuyuan, Bai Kai. The place attachment and subjective well-being of tourism labor migrants in Xi'an Hui community[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2017,32(10):12-27.]
[17]
Musto M. Revisiting Marx's concept of alienation[J]. Socialism and Democracy, 2010,24(3):79-101.
[18]
Rickly-Boyd J M. Alienation:Authenticity's forgotten cousin[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2013,40(1):412-415.
[19]
Xue L, Manuel-Navarrete D, Buzinde C N. Theorizing the concept of alienation in tourism studies[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2014,44:186-199.
[20]
Comor E. Contextualizing and critiquing the fantastic prosumer:Power, alienation and hegemony[J]. Critical Sociology, 2011,37(3):309-327.
[21]
郭嘤蔚.法兰克福学派异化理论研究[J].学习与探索,2007(1):60-63.[Guo Yingwei. Study on Frankfurt School's theory of alienation[J]. Study & Exploration, 2007(1):60-63.]
[22]
Jean-Paul Sartre. Sketch for a Theory of the Emotions[M]. London:Routledge, 2001:16-27.
[23]
Archibald W P. Marx, globalization and alienation:Received and underappreciated wisdoms[J]. Critical Sociology, 2009,35(2),151-174.
[24]
Harvie D. Alienation, class and enclosure in UK universities[J]. Capital and Class, 2000,24(2):103-132.
[25]
Geyer R F. Alienation, Ethnicity, and Postmodernism[M]. London:Greenwood Press, 1996:8-9.
[26]
Jaeggi, Rahel. "Entfremdung." Zur Aktualität Eines Sozialphilosophischen Problems[M]. Frankfurt a. M.:Campus, 2005:16-20.
[27]
董金平.加速、新异化和共鸣——哈尔特穆特·罗萨与社会加速批判理论[J].山东社会科学,2019(6):21-28.[Dong Jinping. Acceleration, new alienation and resonance:Rosa and social acceleration critical theory[J]. Shandong Social Science, 2019(6):21-28.]
[28]
哈特穆特·罗萨.新异化的诞生:社会加速批判理论大纲[M].郑作彧,译.上海:上海人民出版社,2018:55-65.[Rosa H. Beschleunigung und Entfremdung:Entwurf Einer Kritischen Theorie Spätmoderner Zeitlichkeit[M]. Zheng Zuoyu,trans. Shanghai:Shanghai People's Publishing House, 2018:55-65.]
[29]
Rosa H. Available, accessible, attainable:The mindset of growth and the resonance conception of the good life[M]//Rosa H, Henning C. The Good Life Beyond Growth. London:Routledge, 2017:39-53.
[30]
Maoz D. Erikson on the tour[J]. Tourism Recreation Research, 2006,31(3):55-63.
[31]
Vidon E S, Rickly J M, Knudsen D C. Wilderness state of mind:Expanding authenticity[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2018,73:62-70.
[32]
Xue L, Manuel-Navarrete D, Buzinde C N. Theorizing the concept of alienation in tourism studies[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2014,44:186-199..
[33]
景天魁,罗红光,张宛丽,等.2000年社会学在中国-研究进展状况及热点难点问题[J].社会学研究,2001(2):106-122.[Jing Tiankui, Luo Hongguang, Zhang Wanli, et al. Sociology in China in 2000 research progress and hot issues[J]. Sociological Studies, 2001(2):106-122.]
2021, Vol. 36 
