A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON GEO-ECONOMIC PATTERN BETWEEN CHINA AND INDIA IN THE TRANS-HIMALAYAN REGION
ZHANG Qiao-ling1, WANG Shu-fang1,2, HUANG Yu3
1. School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; 2. Institute of Free Economic Zone, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; 3. State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
Abstract Trans-Himalayan is a region with unique and complex geographical environment, connecting Central Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia. As the intersection and overlapping area of India's Look East strategy and China's Belt and Road Initiative, the region is considered to be the convergence of geo-economic interests between China and India. Therefore, based on the import and export data of the countries across theHimalayas from 2002 to 2020, this paper uses HM index, trade intensity index and social network analysis method to comprehensively compare the geo-economic pattern of China and India in the trans-Himalayan region. The results show that:1) In terms of economic dependence, the dependence of non-subject countries across the Himalayas on India is generally higher than that on China. 2) Regarding the trade intensity, the overall trade intensity index between non-subject countries and China is low, while the index with India is high. 3) In the trade network, China and India are at the absolute core in the trans-Himalayan regional trade network, forming two groups with China, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar as one cluster, and India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal as the other cluster.
ZHANG Qiao-ling,WANG Shu-fang,HUANG Yu. A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON GEO-ECONOMIC PATTERN BETWEEN CHINA AND INDIA IN THE TRANS-HIMALAYAN REGION[J]. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, 2024, 39(2): 113-123.
吴晋琎".一带一路"背景下喜马拉雅地区水环境合作治理探析[J].南亚研究季刊,2020(4):92-101,6.[Wu Jinjin. Himalayan water en-vironment governance cooperation in the background of BRI[J]. South Asian Studies Quarterly, 2020(4):92-101,6.]
[2]
孙喜勤.文明交流互鉴中跨喜马拉雅共同体的建构[J].南亚研究季刊,2020(4):83-91,6.[Sun Xiqin. The building of trans-himalayan community in civilization exchange and mutual learning[J]. South Asian Studies Quarterly, 2020(4):83-91,6.]
[3]
李琮,刘国平,蒋宝恩.世界经济学大辞典[M].北京:经济科学出版社, 2000:709.[Li Cong, Liu Guoping, Jiang Baoen. Dictionary of World Economics[M]. Beijing:Economic Science Publishing Soci-ety, 2000:709.]
[4]
周帅.中印在印太地区的战略互动[D].北京:外交学院,2017:24.[Zhou Shuai. The Strategic Interaction between China and India in the Indo-Pacific Region:From the Perspective of'Land-Sea Coor-dination'in Geopolitics[D]. Beijing:China Foreign Affairs Univer-sity, 2017:24.]
[5]
O'Loughlin J. Geo-economic competition in the Pacific rim:The po-litical geography of Japanese and US exports, 1966-1988[J]. Trans-actions of the Institute of British Geographers, 1993,18(4):438-459.
[6]
万晓宁.中国与印度在南亚地区经济影响力比较研究——基于贸易视角[J].南亚研究季刊,2019(1):32-44,5.[Wan Xiaoning. A com-parative study on economic influence of China and india in south asia:From the perspective of trade[J]. South Asian Studies Quar-terly, 2019(1):32-44,5.]
[7]
康静.冷战后中印两国在中亚地区的存在与互动[D].济南:山东大学,2016:39.[Kang Jing. China and India in Central Asia after the Cold War[D]. Jinan:Shandong University, 2016:39.]
[8]
卢光盛,聂姣.中国和印度与东南亚区域合作的比较与竞合[J].南亚研究,2020(1):74-100,150-151.[Lu Guangsheng, Nie Jiao. A com-parison of Chinese and Indian southeast asian regional cooperation and competition[J]. South Asian Studies, 2020(1):74-100,150-151.]
[9]
牛福长,胡志丁,王学文.中国和印度对周边国家的地缘经济权力时空演化[J].经济地理,2021,41(6):1-11.[Niu Fuchang, Hu Zhid-ing, Wang Xuewen. Spatial-temporal evolution of china-india geoeconomic power to the neighbouring countries[J]. Economic Geog-raphy, 2021,41(6):1-11.]
[10]
金阳阳.中印在斯里兰卡经贸领域的竞争态势分析[D].昆明:云南财经大学,2015:11.[Jin Yangyang. An analysis of the competi-tion in the economic and trade fields of China-India in Sri Lanka[D]. Kunming:Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, 2015:11.]
[11]
卢光盛,冯立冰,张泽然.中缅与印缅经济关系的比较研究[J].南亚研究,2017(1):96-115,158-159.[Lu Guangsheng, Feng Libing, Zhang Zeran. A comparative study of sino-myanmar and india-myanmar economic relations[J]. South Asian Studies, 2017(1):96-115,158-159.]
[12]
张良兵,骆华松,洪菊花,等.中印对尼泊尔地缘影响力的演变分析[J].世界地理研究,2020,29(1):43-51.[Zhang Liangbing, Luo Hua-song, Hong Jvhua, et al. Analysis on the evolution of China and In-dia's geopolitical influence on Nepal[J]. World Regional Studies, 2020,29(1):43-51.]
[13]
葛岳静,计晶韵,黄宇.多尺度视角下的印度地缘环境解析及对中国的启示[J].世界地理研究,2021,30(2):223-233.[Ge Yuejing, Ji Jingyun, HuangYu. A multi-scale analysis of India's geo-setting and enlight-enment to China[J]. World Regional Studies, 2021,30(2):223-233.]
[14]
李艳芳,支天越".印-太"地区经济发展与地缘经济格局演进[J].亚太经济, 2019(1):5-13, 21, 153.[Li Yanfang, Zhi Tianyue. Eco-nomic development and evolution of geo-economic pattern of the"indo-pacific"region[J]. Asia-pacific Economic Review, 2019(1):5-13,21,153.]
[15]
袁丽华,陈小强,宋长青,等.环印度洋区域国家地缘经济格局分析[J].地理学报,2021,76(4):955-972.[Yuan Lihua, Chen Xiaoqiang, Song Changqing, et al. Spatio-temporal patterns of geo-economics of the countries in the Indian Ocean Region:Based on merchandise trade volume data from 1992 to 2017[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021,76(4):955-972.]
[16]
邹嘉龄,刘卫东.2001-2013年中国与"一带一路"沿线国家贸易网络分析[J].地理科学,2016,36(11):1629-1636.[Zou Jialing, Liu Weidong. Trade network of China and countries along "belt and road initiative" areas from 2001 to 2013[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2016,36(11):1629-1636.]
[17]
孟德友,马颖忆,王晗,柯文前.中国商品贸易结构不均衡性对地缘经济格局的影响[J].地理科学,2015,35(10):1238-1246.[Meng Deyou, Ma Yingyi, Wang Han, et al. The impact of imbalance of chinese goods trade structure on the geo-economic spatial pattern[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2015,35(10):1238-1246.]
[18]
马腾,葛岳静,刘晓凤,黄宇.中美两国在南美洲的地缘经济格局比较[J].经济地理,2018,38(3):1-10.[Ma Teng, Ge Yuejing, Liu Xiaofeng, et al. The spatio-temporal patterns evolution of geo-economy of china and the US in south America[J]. Economic Geography, 2018,38(3):1-10.]
[19]
Ward M D, Hoff P D. Analyzing dependencies in geo-economics and geo-politics[J]. Conflict Management Peace Economics&De-velopment, 2012,6(8):133-160.
[20]
O'Loughlin J, Anselin L. Geo-economic competition and trade bloc formation:United States, German and Japanese exports, 1968-1992[J]. Economic Geography, 1996,72(2):131-160.
[21]
杜瑜,宗会明".一带一路"建设背景下重庆与东盟国家贸易格局演变和影响因素分析[J].世界地理研究,2020,29(4):697-707.[Du Yu, Zong Huiming. The evolution and influencing factors of spatial pattern of trade between Chongqing and ASEAN countries under the background of "The Belt and Road Initiative"[J]. World Re-gional Studies, 2020,29(4):697-707.]
[22]
陈小强,袁丽华,宋长青,程昌秀,曹丹萍,王翔宇,梁晓瑶,王元慧,易红.中美在中国周边地区的商品贸易发展及影响力对比[J].地理研究, 2022, 41(3):663-680.[Chen Xiaoqiang, Yuan Lihuan, Song Changqing, et al. Comparison on the trade development and influ-ence of China and the U. S. in the surrounding areas of China[J]. Geographical Research, 2022,41(3):663-680.]
[23]
Liang Y, Chen M X, Lu D D, et al. The spatial evolution of geoeco-nomic pattern among China and neighboring countries since the reform and opening-up[J]. Sustainability, 2019,11(7):2168.
[24]
Ahmed F, Kohli A. India-GCC relation:Geo-economics and trade[J]. Asia Pacific Business Review, 2009,5(2):116-125.
[25]
Pan Fenghua, Lai Zhiyong, Ge Yuejing. The surrounding geopoliti-cal environment of China:A social network analysis based on trade data[J]. Geographical Research, 2015,34(4):775-786.
[26]
Hu W, Ge Y J, Dang Q, et al. Analysis of the development level of geo-economic relations between China and countries along the Belt and Road[J]. Sustainability, 2020,12(3):816.
[27]
Jeong C, Ozga A T, Witonsky D B, et al. Long-term genetic stabil-ity and a high-altitude East Asian origin for the peoples of the high valleys of the Himalayan arc[J]. PNAS, 2016,113(27):7485-7490.
[28]
吴仕海,阎建忠,张镱锂,彭婷,苏康传.喜马拉雅地区传统贸易通道演变过程及动力机制[J].地理学报,2021,76(9):2157-2173.[Wu Shihai, Yan Jianzhong, Zhang Yili, et al. Exploring the evolution process and driving mechanism of traditional trade routes in Hima-layan region[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021,76(9):2157-2173.]
[29]
杨思灵.印度"东进"的战略逻辑及其变迁[J].东南亚研究,2021(6):77-94,155-156.[Yang Siling. The strategic logic of India's "eastward advance" and its changes[J]. Southeast Asian Studies,2021(6):77-94, 155-156.]
[30]
张雨佳,张晓平,龚则周.中国与"一带一路"沿线国家贸易依赖度分析[J].经济地理,2017,37(4):21-31.[Zhang Yujia, Zhang Xiaop-ing, Gong Zezhou. Trade interdependency between China and coun-tries along the one belt and one road[J]. Economic Geography, 2017,37(4):21-31.]
[31]
Hoppe B, Reinelt C. Social network analysis and the evaluation of leadership networks[J]. The Leadership Quarterly, 2010,21(4):600-619.
[32]
Ahmed F, Kohli A. India-GCC relation:Geo-economics and trade[J]. Asia Pacific Business Review, 2009,5(2):116-125.
[33]
宋周莺,祝巧玲".一带一路"背景下的中国与巴基斯坦的贸易关系演进及其影响因素[J].地理科学进展,2020,39(11):1785-1797.[Song Zhouying, Zhu Qiaoling. Development of trade between China's provinces and Pakistan and influencing factors under the background of the Belt and Road Initiative[J]. Progress in Geogra-phy, 2020,39(11):1785-1797.]
[34]
熊琛然,武友德,赵俊巍,等.印度领衔下的南亚地缘政治特点及其对中国的启示[J].世界地理研究,2016,25(6):38-47.[Xiong Chen-ran, Wu Youde, Zhao Junwei, et al. South Asia's geopolitical charac-teristics behind India and their enlightenment on China[J]. World Regional Studies, 2016,25(6):38-47.]
2024, Vol. 39 
