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Current Issue

	2020 Vol.35 Issue.5,Published 2020-10-15

	THEORY DEVELOPMENT SOCIETY CULTURE ECONOMY CITY RURAL TOURISM POPULATION

THEORY DEVELOPMENT

	1	THE SOCIO-CULTURAL RESEARCH ON ROAD: BASED ON THE THINKING OF ROADOLOGY AND MOBILITY
		XUE Xi-ming
		As the field of international frontier research, the socio-cultural study on road has been given much attention by much amount of subjects such as anthropology, sociology and geography. The paper gives the reflection and outlook on the social and cultural aspects of road based on the literature review of roadology and mobilility at home and abroad. According to the research, cultural anthropology-orientated roadology in has been greatly influenced by the reflection on Critical Sociology and Neo-Marxism on modern transportation, focusing on how road and transportation function and affect in the process of the state power extension and nation-state construction, with the purpose of probing into the symbolic significance of the road landscape, the political rights and daily life practice in the course of road material production. In the context of Neoliberal economic globalization, the study on mobility academically grounded on geography and sociology aims to probe into the relationship between human and space in the process of movement, with the primary concern on issues of mobility politics, the identification and the perception of place in a flowing space. As the important foundation of the socio-cultural research of road, the study on roadology and mobility attaches great importance to the socio-cultural relationship of humans and the road, integrating the ontology research into the critical aspect. However, some limitations lie in both spheres of current study in terms of how to define the connotation and magnitude of the object, methods, and contents of the research. Current researches leave much room to be desired, especially, failing to analyze carefully the interaction and complicated relationship among road, local society and the subject of mobility, and to establish the scientific socio-cultural research framework on road. This paper attempts to put forward the integration research of spatial relationship, social relationship and powers interaction of road, and to promote the extensive and in-depth construction of the paradigm of sociocultural research on road.
		2020 Vol. 35 (5): 1-7 [Abstract] ( 211 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1590KB] ( 1521 )

	8	A LITERATURE REVIEW OF RECENT PROGRESS ON WESTERN URBAN HOUSING BEHAVIOR: IMPLICATIONS FOR CHINA'S HOUSING STUDIES
		MU Xue-ying, CUI Can, XU Wei
		Housing represents an important dimension in the reproduction of social inequality in China. Individual housing behavior is shaped by urban social space and simultaneously reconstructs urban space. In this paper, making use of knowledge graph visualization technique, we demonstrate the research trends and latest developments in the field of housing behavior. A growing body of literature has emerged concerning homeownership and residential mobility. Furthermore, based on a review of the recent Western literature, we delineate the concept of housing behavior from its three essential components: residential mobility, homeownership attainment and housing career. And we review the studies on each on them in the Western contexts. The relationship between housing behavior and urban space is also discussed and elaborated to further understand the mechanism underlying residential differentiation. After summarizing the differences between Chinese and Western contexts and reviewing the existing literature on housing behavior in China, we highlight several future research directions based on the discussion of current housing problems and newly launched housing policies.
		2020 Vol. 35 (5): 8-17 [Abstract] ( 122 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 10971KB] ( 913 )

SOCIETY

	18	STUDY ON MIGRATION MODE IN NUCLEAR FAMILY OF MIGRANTS: BASED ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF FAMILY LIFE CYCLE THEORY
		SUN Lin, TIAN Ming
		With the transformation and development of China's economy and the continuous advancement of new urbanization, the overall scale and internal structure of the floating population have undergone new changes. At present, China's population migration has stepped into a new stage of development, and the migration mode of the floating population shows an obvious trend of family. Is the migration choice closely related to the life cycle stage of the floating population family? Does the future citizenization policy need to be upgraded to a family perspective? Using the data of 25 cities in China, this paper constructs a logistic regression model, and explores the specific factors and relevant degrees that affect the migration mode of nuclear family from four dimensions: family life cycle stage, individual characteristics, family characteristics and urban mobility characteristics. The results show that: the life cycle stage of family is an important factor in the migration mode, the probability of family mobility in the newly married period and in the early school age is the largest. When the children enter the stage of school-age education, the family interface of the floating population faces the possibility of dispersion, which leads to the social phenomenon of left behind children and left behind women to continue, and the probability of family reunion increases again when the children graduate or work. In addition to the comprehensive influence of family life cycle, the migration pattern of nuclear family population is closely related to the individual characteristics of husband and wife, family characteristics and urban mobility characteristics.
		2020 Vol. 35 (5): 18-24,140 [Abstract] ( 149 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1509KB] ( 1846 )

	25	INTERGENERATIONAL DIFFERENCES IN SPATIO-TEMPORAL BEHAVIOR OF RESIDENTS' DAILY CONSUMPTION IN NANJING
		WANG Min, ZHANG Min
		In present China, residents' consumption tends to be more personalized and diversified, which has led many researches to pay attention to diversities and differences of consumption among different social groups. By means of the sampling survey on five different generation cohorts, namely the post-50s, the post- 60s, the post-70s, the post-80s and the post-90s residents in Nanjing, we applied multi-independent sample non-parametric test and correlation analysis method to depict and analyze the intergenerational differences in characteristics and influencing factors of residents' daily spatio- temporal behavior of consumption among five generation cohorts and between every two generation cohorts in detail. We drew main conclusions as follows: 1) Significant intergenerational differences existed in consumption space types, travel distance and consumption frequency, but no significant intergenerational difference existed in consumption time and travel time. 2) The intergenerational difference of consumption spatiotemporal behavior is not completely consistent with the age difference of generations. 3) Intergenerational differences in the influencing factors and their influencing degree of residents' daily spatio-temporal behavior of consumption were complex and varied. 4) The generation gap of consumption did exist partly, in that the residents' daily spatio-temporal behavior and influencing factors of consumption differed for each generation cohorts.
		2020 Vol. 35 (5): 25-35 [Abstract] ( 165 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 28028KB] ( 1177 )

CULTURE

	36	SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND FORMATION OF LIVE MUSIC PERFORMANCE IN CHINA
		LI Xiao-yue, WANG Shi-jun, HAO Fei-long
		Live music performance is one of the most important ways of mass entertainment, and also an important part of the music industry chain. In recent years, the number of live music performance in China is increasing year by year, and the market of live music performance is developing rapidly, which is affecting people's life and production. However, most of the existing music geography studies focus on folk songs, and few of them focus on other music activities other than folk songs. At the same time, the existing research on music industry pays little attention to the field music industry. In the perspective of geography, the attention on the regional differences and the causes of the field music performance nationwide is insufficient. Therefore, the focus of this paper lies in the spatial distribution and formation of live music performance in china, which is a supplement to the existing research. For this reason, this study uses the data of Chinese live music performance in 2017, and uses the methods of variation coefficient, Shannon-Wiener index and ArcGIS visualization expression to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics and the causes of formations of Chinese live music performance. We found that: 1) The number of live music performance in China is very uneven in the distribution of rose and performance style. November and December are the months with the largest number of live music performance in China, with the largest number of live music performances in folk songs and rock and roll styles. 2) On regional, provincial and urban scales, the spatial distribution characteristics of the number of live music performance in China are different. 3) The spatial characteristics of live music performance are formed under the combined effects of the performance basis and market differences, the level of urban social and economic development, the embeddedness and cultural inclusiveness of local music, and relevant policies of music and cultural industry.
		2020 Vol. 35 (5): 36-43 [Abstract] ( 207 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5588KB] ( 1195 )

	44	RESEARCH ON THE MODERNISTIC DILEMMAS OF JINGPO'S TRADITIONAL RELIGIOUS RITUAL SPACE PRODUCTION
		HAN Lu, MING Qing-zhong
		The traditional religion of ethnic minorities is intimately tied up with the history and cultural identity of ethnic groups. The strengthening practice of rituals has already recognized by everyone, and it has become the academic consensus to reach deeper conscious structures through ritual appearances. Studying the space production of traditional religious rituals not only has a guiding value for analyzing the ideological movements behind it, but also can provide reference for related religious and cultural departments. The internal order of the social system affected by the traditional religion is shaken, and the new social order urgently needs to be rebuilt, people's cognition of their own society and the identification of their own values have become elusive. So how to build a bridge between traditional religion and the value of this world, and realize the integration between ethnic group's concept of Survival in the Past and modern development needs become particularly important.As the physical practice of traditional religious beliefs and experiences-"ritual", it surpasses myths and legends and becomes the only representation that puts faith in the present. Ritual reveals the value cognition of the ethnic group on the secular-sacred order and the relationship between man and land, and is an intuitive material for studying the modernity of traditional religion. So this article starts with Lefebvre's theory of space production, and explores the subjective practice and power game of traditional religious rituals of the Jingpo people in the mountainous areas, which in the face of foreign religions' spatial deconstruction, the spatial changes caused by modernity, the discourse contention within ethnic groups, and the regulation of tourism space intervention. Then we clarify the primary and secondary dilemmas and mechanism of space production.
		2020 Vol. 35 (5): 44-51,110 [Abstract] ( 127 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2654KB] ( 1117 )

CITY

	52	THE INFLUENCE OF BEIJING'S BUILT ENVIRONMENT ON RESIDENTS' LIVABILITY SATISFACTION
		KANG Lei, ZHANG Wen-zhong, YANG Zhao-ping, DANG Yun-xiao
		Under the background of rapid urbanization, the study of livability of cities from the perspective of geographical space is attracting more and more attention. Based on livable Beijing large-scale questionnaire survey datain 2013 and basic geographic information datain Beijing, this paper discusses the spatial characteristics of Beijing residents' livable satisfaction, and analyzes the impact of urban built environment on residents' livable satisfaction by using the Multi-level model. The study found that the overall livability satisfaction in Beijing is good, and the spatial distribution is characterized by high center and low edge. Urban built environment has a significant impact on residents' livability satisfaction. Among them, diverse service facilities, appropriate population density and convenient public transportation can promote residents' livability satisfaction, while single land use and proximity to commercial centers can reduce residents' livability satisfaction. In addition, there is spatial heterogeneity in the impact of built environment on livability satisfaction, and the impact of built environment on livability satisfaction is different among different classes. Population density and service facility diversity significantly improve livability satisfaction of middle and low-income groups.
		2020 Vol. 35 (5): 52-60 [Abstract] ( 133 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 6941KB] ( 1287 )

	61	SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS AND DYNAMIC CHANGE OF INNOVATION OUTPUTS IN CHANGCHUN FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF URBAN AMENITIES
		HAO Fei-long, YANG Yu-xin, WANG Shi-jun
		Creative industry agglomeration driven by urban amenities is one of the important issues in urban geography and economic geography. The study of creative industry is of great significance to the development of urban innovation. Based on the number of patents from 2009 to 2018 in Changchun, this study aimed to explore the spatial characteristics of innovation output in internal city from annual changes, spatial equilibrium development, distribution pattern prospects by Moran's I index, kernel density estimation, GetisOrd Gi^* and other methods and discussed the impact of urban amenities on innovation output by GWR modelling. Several conclusions are drawn as follows: 1) From the dynamic change of spatial equilibrium, the gap of innovation development in Changchun City was gradually narrowing between 2009 and 2018 and the local area is relatively balanced, but the overall characteristic of innovation output still has obvious differences, presenting "southwestern aggregation, southeastern dispersion". 2) From the perspective of the change of the spatial distribution pattern, the number of innovation output units in Changchun increased in 2009— 2018, the distribution pattern of four key cores has maintained during this period. And the trend towards the southeast and southwest of the city was obvious. 3) From the perspective of the high-value agglomeration, "low north, high south, four cores" have maintained for ten years. The Industry-University-Research Collaboration areas indicate the effect of knowledge spillover. 4) Urban comfort has an impact on the spatial agglomeration of Changchun's innovative output. All leisure comfort factors have a strong correlation with the spatial distribution of Changchun's innovation output, but all traffic comfort factors are negatively correlated. The correlation between the indicators of other aspects is different.
		2020 Vol. 35 (5): 61-68,129 [Abstract] ( 137 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 14041KB] ( 771 )

RURAL

	69	SPATIO-TEMPORAL FIX AND POTENTIAL RISKS OF LEISURE VILLAGES IN BEIJING: A CASE STUDY ON LIANHUACHI VILLAGE
		ZHANG Juan, WANG Mao-jun
		The acceleration of the urbanization process and the rise of urban consumption culture have prompted the countryside to become a space favored and occupied by capital. However, the current domestic and foreign relevant research results of spatio-temporal fix theory tend to theoretical identification, and empirical research is relatively scarce, especially the domestic empirical research focuses on the spatio-temporal fix process of urban space, lacking in- depth discussion of rural space fix process and potential risks. Based on the introduction of spatio-temporal fix theory, this paper discusses the process of spatio and temporal fix of Lianhuachi Village in Beijing, and analyses the potential risks behind it. Research shows: 1) In the aspect of spatio fix, the three-level circulation of capital has become the main means to promote the spatial transformation of Lianhuachi village, alleviating the problem of excessive capital accumulation in the short term, diluting the profit delay time for the long-term capital investment, and providing the driving force for the spatial development of Lianhuachi. 2) In the aspect of temporal fix, in order to eliminate the space barrier and solve the over accumulation crisis, capital seeks new opportunities through the expansion of geographical space without restriction, and transforms, reconstructs and redefines the existing space according to the logic of capital operation, and finally creates a new space order and social relationship to meet the needs of its own proliferation. 3) Space-tempor fix not only promotes the transformation of village space from traditional to modern, but also incubates multiple potential risks, such as the stratification of villagers, the assimilation of space production, the lack of Space justice, and the melting of traditional culture.
		2020 Vol. 35 (5): 69-76 [Abstract] ( 177 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 6125KB] ( 1057 )

	77	SPATIAL INJUSTICE IN RURAL COMMUNITY TOURISM AND THE NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF THE RESIDENTIAL-TO-COMMERCIAL CONVERSION SYSTEM: AN EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON XIJIANG MIAO VILLAGE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF POLANYI'S EMBEDDEDNESS
		WANG Wei-yan, LI Hong, SHEN Qiong
		Rural tourism in China has become a double-edged sword, alleviating poverty in rural communities on one side and causing spatial injustice on the other side. The latter, however, has not yet been paid the attention it deserves from the academic and political circles. With Polanyi's embeddedness theory as basis, this study analyzes the disembedding path of the residential-to-commercial conversion system and reveals the mechanism that leads to spatial injustice. It also carries out an empirical research on Miao Village in Xijiang via quantitative and qualitative methods such as onsite observations, interviews, and questionnaires. The results indicate the following: the immediate cause of spatial injustice in rural community tourism is the disembeddedness of modern tourism economy; its systematic root is the disembeddedness of the conversion system. At its current stage, rural tourism in China has both the embeddedness of agricultural economy and the disembeddedness of tourism economy and the relevant system-Polanyi's notions of the embedded and disembedded and their systematic distinction are explanatory to the conflict. An effective method to reduce the spatial injustice is to apply anti-disembedding measures to the residential-to-commercial conversion system.
		2020 Vol. 35 (5): 77-84 [Abstract] ( 141 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1903KB] ( 1036 )

POPULATION

	85	SPATIO-TEMPORAL EVOLUTION OF GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTIONS IN THE PAST 100 YEARS: AGGLOMERATION MODEL AND INFLUENCING FACTORS
		HOU Chun-guang, DU De-bin
		International organization institutions have irreplaceable strategic significance in building national soft power, shaping global governance mechanism, and expanding national interests. Based on the data of UIA, this paper uses vector data notation and negative binomial regression model to conduct an in- depth study on the spatial-temporal evolution, agglomeration model and their influencing factors of the geographical location of 26,457 international organization institutions established from 1918 to 2017. The results are as follows.First, in the past 100 years, the cumulative number of international organizations has increased by 1200 times in geometric order. Second, the spatial distribution of international organization institutions is extremely uneven. Thirdly, international organization institutions have permanent neutral country agglomeration model, strong country agglomeration model and regional central country agglomeration model. Finally, the regression results show that economic influence, cultural influence, scientific and technological influence, and historical organizational cultural heritage of a country have a significant positive correlation with the geographical agglomeration of international organization institutions at the level of 0.01.
		2020 Vol. 35 (5): 85-93,160 [Abstract] ( 143 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 27265KB] ( 1057 )

ECONOMY

	94	STUDY ON THE STRUCTURE OF COLLABORATIVE INNOVATION NETWORK OF URBAN AGGLOMERATION IN THE MIDDLE REACHES OF THE YANGTZE RIVER AND ITS EVOLUTION
		LI Lin, PENG Can
		In the technological innovation activities of the new era when numerous information and networking of innovation are increasingly important, collaborative innovation among regions is gradually becoming an effective way to integrate innovation elements and improve innovation efficiency, which can be greatly beneficial to the strategy of innovation-driven development. Based on the modified gravity model where innovation connection and innovation difference level between cities are both considered, this paper measures the degree of collaborative innovation between two cities of urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and uses the method of social network analysis to go into the spatial correlation network structure of collaborative innovation of urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and its evolution from 2006 to 2016. The conclusions below are founded: During the study period from 2006 to 2016, the degree of collaborative innovation between city and city of urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River gradually improved, but the change of disequilibrium was not significant. From the space perspective, an area with high- degree of collaborative innovation has formed with Wuhan and Changsha being the innovation center to radiate the neighboring cities and areas, and the urban agglomeration around Poyang Lake was relatively backward. The overall density and efficiency of spatial correlation network of collaborative innovation of urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River improved rapidly, while the development of collaborative innovation among the three sub- urban agglomerations lagged behind.
		2020 Vol. 35 (5): 94-102 [Abstract] ( 174 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 7968KB] ( 1493 )

	103	RELATED, UNRELATED VARIETY AND REGIONAL INNOVATION OUTPUT: A CASE STUDY OF YANGTZE RIVER DELTA
		GAO Min-yu, ZENG Gang, WANG Feng-long
		Based on previous studies in economic geography, this paper investigates the effects of related and unrelated variety on regional innovation outputs of 26 cities in the Yangtze River Delta, China. The data is mainly from city-level patent application data from 2011 to 2016 collected from SIPO (Chinese State Intellectual Property Office). Related and unrelated variety are measured by entropy index which is first proposed by Frenken et al. in 2007. The effects of related and unrelated variety on regional innovation performance are estimated with spatial Durbin model. The results indicate that: 1) The related variety pattern of the Yangtze river delta city cluster is similar to that of the unrelated variety pattern. 2) Related variety has significantly positive effect on innovation output, suggesting that related variety can facilitate knowledge production and spillover; 3) We find a spatial effect that related variety of adjacent cities has a marginally negative impact on local innovation performance.
		2020 Vol. 35 (5): 103-110 [Abstract] ( 111 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5196KB] ( 1435 )

TOURISM

	111	COUPLING ANALYSIS OF TOURISM RESOURCE SUPERIORITY AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION POWER IN NATIONAL POVERTY-STRICKEN COUNTIES: A CASE STUDY OF 433 POVERTY ALLEVIATION COUNTIES
		WANG De-gen, SHA Meng-yu, ZHU Mei
		Based on the analysis of tourism resource superiority and poverty alleviation power differentiation of poverty-stricken counties, in-depth analysis of tourism resource advantages of poverty-stricken counties Coupling degree and poverty alleviation power to coordinate the spatial distribution characteristics of degree levels and types. The research shows that: 1) From the perspective of level differentiation, the predominance of tourism resources in poverty-stricken counties can be divided into four levels: superior area, general excellent area, general area, and disadvantaged area. 2) From the perspective of spatial differentiation, the general areas and disadvantaged areas with superiority of tourism resources in the four major regions account for a relatively high proportion. 3) From the perspective of coupling level, the coupling coordination of tourism resource dominance and poverty reduction power of poverty alleviation counties can be divided into three levels: high, medium, and low. 4) From the perspective of coupling types, tourism resource superiority and poverty alleviation coupling types can be divided into high synchronization type, low synchronization type, potential type and fatigue type, of which high synchronization type accounts for the least proportion, while the number of fatigue type and low synchronization type is larger.
		2020 Vol. 35 (5): 111-119,149 [Abstract] ( 130 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 13752KB] ( 809 )

	120	THE MEANING OF TRAVEL: FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISTS' SELF-DEVELOPMENT
		CHEN Ye, TUO Yan-zheng, WU Di, ZHANG Tong
		Given the enhancement of people's subjective consciousness, travel becomes more than a way of recreation. It also provides an opportunity for self-change and self-development. This paper makes an attempt to explore the mechanism on self-development of tourists during the process of travelling. Data were collected from 11 in-depth semi-structured interviews and 27 online travel notes, and then coded step by step of open coding, selective coding and theoretical coding. Through a grounded theory study of tourists' selfcognition change during travelling, a conceptual model of tourist self-development is proposed to explain the process of how tourists develop themselves during and after the trip. The findings present in the following three aspects. 1) Travel could help tourists to develop themselves. In the tourism context, the differences in objective environments and subjective state of minds from normal life could change tourists' attitudes and behaviors, which makes tourists to recognize their different facets. 2) The self- development of tourists is achieved through introspection in terms of emotion process and will process during and after the travel. The emotion process is influenced by the tourists' perceptions of tourism contextual factors and their motivations. 3) Travel motivations have indirect impacts on tourists' self-development with two different influential paths. Firstly, travel motivations have a significant impact on tourists' self-identification mediated by tourist' emotions. Secondly, travel motivations will also adjust will process of tourists and then affect the tourists' selfidentification.
		2020 Vol. 35 (5): 120-129 [Abstract] ( 143 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2833KB] ( 1942 )

	130	RESEARCH ON VISUAL EVALUATION OF TOURISM SCENERY BASED ON EYE MOVEMENT EXPERIMENT: A CASE OF TANGJIA ANCIENT TOWN IN ZHUHAI
		ZHAO Ying, LIN Jia-hui, LIU Yi
		Visual research method is important in exploring tourists' perceptions of tourism landscapes and tourism planning. In the past, scholars often used questionnaire survey or picture scoring to carry out relevant researches, but lacked more objective analysis. With the upgrade of eye tracker, eye tracking method is gradually used in the study of tourist landscape, and mainly carried out in the laboratory. In order to provide a new attempt for existing research, this paper makes a breakthrough in field experiments with eye tracker. Based on the SOR model, this study uses eye tracking method to investigate visiting behavior process of undergraduates in Tangjia Ancient Town, Zhuhai. It hypothesizes that landscape type, color richness and degree of old-to-new impact on visitors' perceptions, and further affect the eye movement behavior of tourists. The results show that: 1) Color richness and degree of old-to-new of the landscape have significant impacts on visitors' landscape perception and eye movement behavior, while the influence of the landscape type is not significant. Landscape types need to work through group characteristics to influence eye movement behavior; 2) For color richness, the study divides the landscape into two categories, rich colors and single colors. The study finds out that there are no significant difference in gaze frequency and mean gaze time, but significant differences in the proportion of gaze time between two categories; 3) For degree of old- to- new, the study divides the landscape into three categories: new landscape, old landscape and neutral landscape. The result shows that there is a significant difference in the frequency of gaze between new and neutral landscapes.
		2020 Vol. 35 (5): 130-140 [Abstract] ( 115 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 89284KB] ( 790 )

	141	META-ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCING FACTORS OF TOURISTS' ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY BEHAVIOR
		ZHANG Yuan-gang, YU Run-zhe
		The environmental responsibility behavior of tourists is a hot issue in tourism research, which is more and more important for the sustainable development of tourism destinations. Based on the meta-analysis method and the quantitative research results of domestic scholars, this paper finally selects 27 articles with detailed data and makes a systematic analysis of the relationship intensity of the influencing factors of tourists' environmental responsibility behavior. The results show that: 1) Funnel plot and FSN test show that the samples are representative, and there is no bias. 2) It is verified that place attachment, recreational involvement, attitude, satisfaction, norms, knowledge, and perceived value have significant positive effects on tourists' environmental responsibility behavior. 3) The difference of research sample size shows an obvious moderating effect on the relationship between perceived value, norms, satisfaction, attitudes, and tourists' environmental responsibility. 4) The differences in the types of case studies show a moderating effect on the relationship between place attachment, perceived value, satisfaction, attitude, involvement, knowledge, and tourists' environmental responsibility behaviors. 5) The year differences in the study moderated the relationship between local attachment, attitude, recreational involvement, knowledge, and tourists' environmental responsibility behavior.
		2020 Vol. 35 (5): 141-149 [Abstract] ( 132 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3263KB] ( 1480 )

	150	DISCREPANCY OF TOURISM DESTINATION CHOICE AMONG THE DIFFERENT INCOME GROUPS: A CASE STUDY OF BEIJING, WUHAN AND XI'AN
		BAI Qian-wen, WU Jin-feng, LUO Wei, WU Bao-qing, SHI Xiao-teng, ZHANG Tian-ge
		Tourism destination choice is an important field of tourism research. Exploring the characteristics and differences of tourism destination choice behaviors of tourists from different income groups can not only enrich the tourism destination choice research content, but also can provide a basis for tourism market segmentation and precision marketing. Taking citizens of Beijing, Wuhan and Xi'an as examples, we compare the visiting frequency of different income groups to the same target scenic spots, and discuss the characteristics and differences of tourism destination choice behaviors of different income groups. The study finds that there are significant differences in tourism destination choice behaviors among different income groups. Firstly, the visiting frequency of high-, medium-, and low-income groups all attenuates with increasing distance, but the decay rate is different. The higher of the group income is, the lower the decay rate. Secondly, when choosing a tourism destination, different income groups tend to choose scenic spots that are close to where they live, or well-known, or located in developed areas. Low-income groups are more prone to select nearby and/or economically developed tourism destinations than those with high or middle incomes. Thirdly, different income groups have different space of high visiting frequency. The higher of the group income is, the larger the areas with high visiting frequency. Fourthly, the preference scale to scenic spots among high-, middle- and low-income groups are different. The higher of the group income is, the higher the preference scale to the scenic spots.
		2020 Vol. 35 (5): 150-160 [Abstract] ( 103 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 45421KB] ( 1275 )

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