Abstract：Tourism destination image has an important impact on the choice behavior of tourist, whose connotation and formation mechanism are the focus and difficult issues in the international research of tourism destination image. On the basis of understanding the tourism destination image as a whole system, Image elementsare the basic unit of tourism destination image system, Image elements are the result of tourists' cognition of various attributes and activities of tourism destinations.This research serves online travel text as data source, takes the use of grounded theory to explore the cognitive process of the tourist destination image elements. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were adoptedin this research. Following three steps of the grounded theory:open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, the cognitive process model of the tourist destinationimage elements has been established. Chi-square test methods are used to study the dimension differences of the cognitive process of the tourism destination image elements. The results show that the cognitive process of the tourism destination image elements includes three processes:information acquisition, cognitive processing and factor changing. These three processes are interrelated. The process of information acquisition is the basic part of the cognitive process of the image element of tourism destination, including "multi-sensory experience", "interpersonal interaction" and "information search" three approaches. Cognitive processing is the core link of the cognitive process of image elements, consisting of "clustering" and "contrast" two approaches.
王君怡, 吴晋峰, 王阿敏. 旅游目的地形象认知过程——基于扎根理论的探索性研究[J]. 人文地理, 2018, 33(6): 152-160.
WANG Jun-yi, WU Jin-feng, WANG A-min. PROCESS OF THE TOURIST DESTINATION IMAGE ELEMENTS: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY BASED ON GROUNDED THEORY. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, 2018, 33(6): 152-160.
Lai K, Li X. Tourism destination image:Conceptual problems and definitional solutions[J]. Journal of Travel Research, 2016,55(8):1065-1080.
[2]
Gartner W C. Temporal influences on image change[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 1986,13(4):635-644.
[3]
Crompton J L. An assessment of the image of Mexico as a vacation destination and the influence of geographical location upon that image[J]. Journal of Travel Research, 1979,18(4):18-23.
[4]
Kim H, Richardson S L. Motion picture impacts on destination images[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2003,30(1):216-237.
[5]
Echtner C M, Ritchie J R B. The meaning and measurement of destination image[J]. The Journal of Tourism Studies, 1991,14(1):37-48.
[6]
Dadgostar B, Isotalo R M. Factors affecting time spent by nearhome tourists in city destinations[J]. Journal of Travel Research, 1992,31(2):34-39.
[7]
Chon K S. The role of destination image in tourism:A review and discussion[J]. The Tourist Review, 1990,45(2):2-9.
[8]
MacKay K J, Fesenmaier D R. Pictorial element of destination in image formation[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 1997,24(3):537-565.
[9]
Baloglu S, McCleary K W. A model of destination image formation[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 1999,26(4):868-897.
[10]
Bigné J E, Sánchez M I,Sánchez J. Tourism image, evaluation variables and after purchase behaviour:Inter-relationship[J]. Tourism Management, 2001,22(6):607-616.
[11]
吴晋峰.旅游目的地形象"拼图"及测评方法[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2014,42(6):85-93.[Wu Jinfeng. Jigsaw puzzle of tourism destination image and its evaluation index[J]. Journal of Shaanxi Normal University:Natural Science Edition, 2014,42(6):85-93.]
[12]
Keaveney S M, Hunt K A. Conceptualization and operationalization of retail store image:A case of rival middle-level theories[J]. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 1992,20(2):165.
[13]
Echtner C M, Ritchie J R B. The measurement of destination image:An empirical assessment[J]. Journal of Travel Research, 1993, 31(4):3-13.
[14]
Murphy P, Pritchard M P, Smith B. The destination product and its impact on traveller perceptions[J]. Tourism Management, 2000,21(1):43-52.
[15]
Tasci A D A, Gartner W C, Tamer Cavusgil S. Conceptualization and operationalization of destination image[J]. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 2007,31(2):194-223.
[16]
Gunn C. Vacationscape:Designing Tourist Regions[M]. New York:Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1988:119-152.
[17]
Fakeye P C, Crompton J L. Image differences between prospective, first-time, and repeat visitors to the Lower Rio Grande Valley[J]. Journal of Travel Research, 1991,30(2):10-16.
[18]
Xiang L, Bing P, Lixuan Z, et al. The effect of online information search on image development:Insights from a mixed-methods study[J]. Journal of Travel Research, 2009,48(1):45-57.
[19]
Smith W W, Li X, Pan B, et al. Tracking destination image across the trip experience with smartphone technology[J]. Tourism Management, 2015,48:113-122.
[20]
Vogt C A, Andereck K L. Destination perceptions across a vacation[J]. Journal of Travel Research, 2003,41(4):348.
[21]
Kim H, Stepchenkova S. Effect of tourist photographs on attitudes towards destination:Manifest and latent content[J]. Tourism Management, 2015,49:29-41.
[22]
Reynolds W H. The role of the consumer in image building[J]. California Management Review, 1965,7(3):69-76.
[23]
Kim H, Chen J S. Destination image formation process:A holistic model[J]. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 2016,22(2):154-166.
[24]
Avraham E. Destination image repair during crisis:Attracting tourism during the Arab Spring uprisings[J]. Tourism Management, 2015,47:224-232.
[25]
do Valle P O, Mendes J, Guerreiro M. Residents' participation in events, events image, and destination image:A correspondence analysis[J]. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 2012,29(7):647-664.
[26]
Lee C-K, Lee Y-K, Lee B. Korea's destination image formed by the 2002 World Cup[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2005,32(4):839-858.
[27]
Xing X, Chalip L. Effects of hosting a sport event on destination brand:A test of co-branding and match-up models[J]. Sport Management Review, 2006,9(1):49-78.
[28]
Chen N. Branding national images:The 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics, 2010 Shanghai World Expo, and 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games[J]. Public Relations Review, 2012,38(5):731-745.
[29]
Chen N, Ji S, Funk D C. An extended study on destination image decay of sport tourists over time[J]. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 2014,2(4):241-252.
[30]
Ketter E. Destination image restoration on facebook:The case study of Nepal's Gurkha Earthquake[J]. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 2016,28:66-72.
[31]
Avraham E. Destination marketing and image repair during tourism crises:The case of Egypt[J]. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 2016,28:41-48.
[32]
Avraham E, Ketter E. Marketing destinations with prolonged negative images:Towards a theoretical model[J]. Tourism Geographies, 2013,15(1):145-164.
[33]
丁锦红,张钦,郭春彦,等.认知心理学(第二版)[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2014:3.[Ding Jinhong, Zhang Qin, Guo Chunyan, et al. Cognitive Phychology(second edition)[M]. Beijing:China Renmin University Press, 2014:3.
[34]
马特林.认知心理学:理论、研究和应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2016:21-22.[Matlin M W. Cognitive Psychology:Theory, Research and Application[M]. Beijing:China Machine Press, 2016:21-22.]
[35]
Naglieri J A, Das J P, Jarman R F. Planning, attention, simultaneous, and successive cognitive processes as a model for assessment[J]. School Psychology Review, 1990,19(3):423-442.
[36]
Zwaan R A, Madden C J. Updating situation models[J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory & Cognition, 2004,30(1):283-288.
