Abstract:New state space is a theoretical framework developed by Neil Brenner, which serves as a systematic account for state spatial restructuring that has been increasingly evident since late 1970s. This framework is different from previous theories concerning the state in social sciences, especially in political science, which view the state space as a pre-given, fixed container and thus being trapped within state-centrism. Moreover, this theory is different from some strands on globalization research in human geography and political economy since 1970s, for some of them tend to remain "spatial fetishist" and "methodological territorialist" while emphasizing the importance of global scale instead of national scale, and some others tend to emphasize the declining, eroding or disappearing of state territoriality. Rather, the new state space approach develops a "processing"idea on state space, i.e., to view state space as a presupposition, an arena, and an outcome of continually evolving social relations, rather than a pre-given container. Specifically, the main points of new state space approach can be summarized as follows. 1) The state space is constructed by social processes including capital accumulation, state regulation, class struggle etc. Since this social constructed state space is polymorphic, two intertwined dimensions of state spatiality can be distinguished as state space in the narrow sense and state space in the integral sense. 2) The process of state spatial restructuring is driven by a variety of sociospatial dynamics, especially structural changes such as the globalization of capital flows, the crisis of Keynesianism and the rise of neoliberalism. 3) The process of state spatial restructuring can be regulated by state using the state spatial selectivity, which refers to the processes of spatial privileging and articulation through which state policies are differentiated across territorial space in order to target particular geographical zones and scales.
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[14]
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[21]
Brenner N. The limits to scale? Methodological reflections on scalar structuration[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 2001,25(4):591-614.
[10]
Taylor P. The state as container: Territoriality in the modern worldsystem[M]//Brenner N, Jessop B, Jones M, et al. State/Space: A Reader. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2003:101-113.
[15]
Meyer J W, Drori G S, Hwang H. World society and the proliferation of formal organization[M]//Drori G S, Meyer J W, Hwang H. Globalization and Organization: World Society and Organizational Change. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006:25-49.
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[11]
Brenner N. Beyond state-centrism? Space, territoriality, and geographical scale in globalization studies[J]. Theory and Society, 1999,28(1):39-78.
[16]
Brenner N. Urban governance and the production of new state spaces in Western Europe, 1960—2000[J]. Review of International Political Economy, 2004,11(3):447-488.
[23]
Brenner N. Globalisation as reterritorialisation: The re-scaling of urban governance in the European union[J]. Urban Studies, 1999,36 (3):431-451.
[12]
Agnew J. The territorial trap: The geographical assumptions of international relations theory[J]. Review of International Political Economy, 1994,1(1):53-80.
[17]
Li Y, Wu F. The transformation of regional governance in China: The rescaling of statehood[J]. Progress in Planning, 2012,78(2):55-99.
[24]
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[19]
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[20]
Mackinnon D, Shaw J. New state spaces, agency and scale: Devolution and the regionalisation of transport governance in Scotland[J]. Antipode, 2010,42(5):1226-1252.
[27]
Macleavy J, Harrison J. New state spatialities: Perspectives on state, space, and scalar geographies[J]. Antipode, 2010,42(5):1037-1046.
[16]
Brenner N. Urban governance and the production of new state spaces in Western Europe, 1960—2000[J]. Review of International Political Economy, 2004,11(3):447-488.
[21]
Brenner N. The limits to scale? Methodological reflections on scalar structuration[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 2001,25(4):591-614.
[28]
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[17]
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[30]
Jones J P. Spatial selectivity of the state: The regulationist enigma and local struggles over economic governance[J]. Environment and Planning A, 1997,29(5):831-864.
[19]
胡燕,孙羿.新自由主义与国家空间:反思与启示[J].经济地理, 2012,32(10):1-6. [Hu Yan, SunYi. Neoliberalism and state spatiality: Reflection and implications[J]. Economic Geography, 2012,32 (10):1-6.]
[24]
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[31]
Jones M, Ward K. Excavating the logic of British urban policy: Neoliberalism as the "crisis of crisis management"[M]//Brenner N, Theodore N. Space of Neoliberalism: Urban Restructuring in North America and Western Europe. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2002:126-147.
[20]
Mackinnon D, Shaw J. New state spaces, agency and scale: Devolution and the regionalisation of transport governance in Scotland[J]. Antipode, 2010,42(5):1226-1252.
[25]
魏成,沈静,范建红.尺度重组:全球化时代的国家角色转化与区域 空间生产策略[J].城市规划,2011,35(6):28-35. [Wei Cheng, Shen Jing, Fan Jianhong. Rescaling: Role changing of the state and spatial production strategy of region in the globalization era[J]. City Planning Review, 2011,35(6):28-35.]
[32]
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[21]
Brenner N. The limits to scale? Methodological reflections on scalar structuration[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 2001,25(4):591-614.
[26]
Breathnach P. From spatial Keynesianism to post-Fordist neoliberalism: Emerging contradictions in the spatiality of the Irish state[J]. Antipode, 2010,42(5):1180-1199.
Keating M. Introduction: Rescaling interests[J]. Territory, Politics, Governance, 2014,2(3):239-248.
[27]
Macleavy J, Harrison J. New state spatialities: Perspectives on state, space, and scalar geographies[J]. Antipode, 2010,42(5):1037-1046.
[34]
Massey D. Spatial Divisions of Labour: Social Structures and the Geography of Production[M]. Basingstoke: Macmillan Press, 1995: 113-116.
[23]
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[28]
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[35]
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李祎.中国区域管治的演变:以长江三角洲地区为例[M].南京:南 京大学出版社,2013:37-39,95,97-109,117. [Li Yi. Transformation of Regional Governance in China: A Case Study of Yangtze River Delta[M]. Nanjing: Nanjing University Press, 2013:37-39,95,97-109,117.]
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[37]
Varró K. Re-politicising the analysis of "new state spaces" in Hungary and beyond: Towards an effective engagement with "actually existing neoliberalism"[J]. Antipode, 2010,42(5):1253-1278.
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Jones M, Ward K. Excavating the logic of British urban policy: Neoliberalism as the "crisis of crisis management"[M]//Brenner N, Theodore N. Space of Neoliberalism: Urban Restructuring in North America and Western Europe. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2002:126-147.
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Macleavy J, Harrison J. New state spatialities: Perspectives on state, space, and scalar geographies[J]. Antipode, 2010,42(5):1037-1046.
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Brenner N. Open questions on state rescaling[J]. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 2009,2(1):123-139.
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Leitner H. The politics of scale and networks of spatial connectivity: Transnational interurban networks and the rescaling of political governance in Europe[M]//McMaster R, Sheppard E. Scale and Geographic Inquiry: Nature, Society, and Method. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:236-255.
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Staeheli L A. Place[M]//Agnew J, Mitchell K, Toal G. A Companion to Political Geography. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2003:158-170.
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[35]
Oosterlynck S. Regulating regional uneven development and the politics of reconfiguring Belgian state space[J]. Antipode, 2010,42 (5):1151-1179.
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Jessop B, Brenner N, Jones M. Theorising sociospatial relations[J]. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 2008,26(3):389-401.
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Jones M, Ward K. Excavating the logic of British urban policy: Neoliberalism as the "crisis of crisis management"[M]//Brenner N, Theodore N. Space of Neoliberalism: Urban Restructuring in North America and Western Europe. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2002:126-147.
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Houdret A, Dombrowsky I, Horlemann L. The institutionalization of river basin management as politics of scale: Insights from Mongolia[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2014,519:2392-2404.
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[40]
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[43]
Brenner N. Decoding the newest "metropolitan regionalism" in the USA: A critical overview[J]. Cities, 2002,19(1):3-21.
[39]
Leitner H. The politics of scale and networks of spatial connectivity: Transnational interurban networks and the rescaling of political governance in Europe[M]//McMaster R, Sheppard E. Scale and Geographic Inquiry: Nature, Society, and Method. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:236-255.
[44]
Houdret A, Dombrowsky I, Horlemann L. The institutionalization of river basin management as politics of scale: Insights from Mongolia[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2014,519:2392-2404.
[40]
Cox K R. Spaces of dependence, spaces of engagement and the politics of scale, or: Looking for local politics[J]. Political Geography, 1998,17(1):1-23.
[45]
Samson M. Rescaling the state, restructuring social relations: Local government transformation and waste management privatization in post-apartheid Johannesburg[J]. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 2008,10(1):19-39.
[41]
Staeheli L A. Place[M]//Agnew J, Mitchell K, Toal G. A Companion to Political Geography. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2003:158-170.
[46]
沈建法.空间、尺度与政府:重构中国城市体系[M]//吴缚龙,马润 潮,张京祥.转型与重构:中国城市发展多维透视.南京:东南大学出 版社,2007:22-38. [Shen Jianfa. Space, scale and government: Reconstructing urban system in China[M]//Wu Fulong, Ma Runchao, Zhang Jingxiang. Transformation and Reconstruction: Multidimensional Perspectives on Urban Development in China. Nanjing: Southeast University Press, 2007:22-38.]
[42]
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