区域产业分析的常用测度之一是区位商，该测度用于一个地理单元（如北京市）中某种行业在全部行业中的比重与特定区域（如全中国）的同种行业比重做比较。然而，区位商是一个静态概念，不能反映一种行业的相对增长幅度或者变化速度。基于数学中"商"的概念和理论地理学中测度构造的一般方法，本文定义了一个行业增长商测度，用于比较一个子区域中某种行业的增长幅度与特定地理区域中同一行业增长幅度，数值越大表明一个子区域的某种行业相对于特定区域的同种行业的增速越快、增幅越大。进一步地，定义了一个区域增长商，用于比较某种行业的相对增幅与全部行业的平均增幅，数值越大表明某种行业在全部行业中的增速越快。采用信阳实例说明了增长商分析的应用方法。作为参照，定义、对比并讨论了区位熵和增长熵测度。增长商是一个动态的测度，简明易懂，在区域产业分析中可以与区位商功能互补，在未来的主导产业选择中可能发挥一定作用。
Abstract
The location quotient technique is commonly utilized to analyze economic development or compare regional industrial compositions. However, the location quotient is a static concept, which cannot reflect the growing advantages of different industrial sectors. In this paper, a new measurement termed growth quotients is proposed for comparing urban and regional industry compositions. Two kinds of growth quotient are defined:one is the sectoral growth quotient (SGQ) based on the relationship between an individual sector in a sub-region and the corresponding sector of a region, and the other is the regional growth quotient (RGQ) based on the relationship between an individual sector in a sub-region and all sectors of the whole region. The growth quotients are dynamic concepts, which can reflect the growing advantage of different industrial sectors. Further, two new spatial measurements of industrial development termed location entropy and growth entropy are defined by analogy with Theil's entropy. The similarity and differences between location quotient, growth quotient, growth entropy, and growth rates are discussed and illustrated by means of case analysis. In practice, the growth quotients, location quotient, growth entropy, location entropy, and shift share analysis can be integrated into a new analytical technique for comparing urban and regional industrial advantage.The location quotient mainly indicates the competitive advantage, while the growth quotients mainly reveal the competitive advantage of an industrial sector.
关键词
增长商 /
区位商 /
转移份额分析 /
城市与区域经济 /
信阳
Key words
growth quotient /
location quotient /
growth entropy /
shift share analysis /
urban and regional eco nomics /
Xinyang
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基金
"十二五"农村领域国家科技计划课题"空心村整治规划及其信息化支撑技术研究"（2014BAL01B02）
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