Abstract：In recent years, the public rental housing policy has achieved remarkable results. The housing problem of people with housing difficulties has been significantly improved, and whether they are happy or not has gradually attracted attention. This paper takes the main urban area of Chongqing as an example, selects online public rent distribution data, and explores the spatial distribution of public rental housing tenants' employment distribution and the evolution characteristics of separation of work and residence from 2015 to 2020. The study found that:1) A small amount of public rental housing residents' employment is scattered around subway stations and public rental housing communities, and most residents' employment is distributed inside and outside, showing a trend of large concentration in the center and small dispersion on the periphery. 2) From 2015 to 2020, the situation of employment gathering within the inner ring has not changed, and the local changes are affected by the urban development layout and the number of allocated rents. 3) The average straight-line commuting distance of residents in public rental housing is between 14-17km, and it continues to rise after a slight decline. Residents are differentiated significantly. Some people are more than 30km away and are facing an increasingly serious problem of separation of work and residence. 4) The degree of separation between residence and occupation of residents differs at the individual and community levels. Residents in public rental housing communities with good location conditions have a lower degree of separation between occupation and residence, and the degree of separation between men and residents with higher incomes is higher.
王林, 杨棽. 重庆市公租房居民职住时空特征研究[J]. 人文地理, 2021, 36(5): 101-110.
WANG Lin, YANG Shen. A STUDY ON THE TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RESIDENTS' JOB AND RESIDENCE IN THE PUBLIC RENTAL HOUSING IN CHONGQING. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, 2021, 36(5): 101-110.
向鹏成,李元莉.公众满意视角下重庆市公租房供给体系的完善[J].建筑经济,2019,40(7):16-20.[Xiang Pengcheng, Li Yuanli. Research on the supply system improvement of public rental housing in chongqing under the perspective of public[J]. Construction Economy, 2019,40(7):16-20.]
[2]
中国建设新闻网.一手抓防疫一手暖人心重庆组织公租房居民首次"云" 过节[EB/OL].(2020-04-17)[2020-12-12]. http://www.chinajsb.cn/html/202004/17/9510.html.[China Construction News. Focusing on epidemic prevention with one hand, warming people's hearts with one hand, Chongqing organizes public rental housing residents for the first "cloud" festival[EB/OL]. (2020-04-17)[2020-12-12]. http://www.chinajsb.cn/html/202004/17/9510.html.]
[3]
王林.公租房空置风险分析及防范措施——以重庆市为例[J].社会科学家,2014(12):45-52.[Wang Lin. Vacancy risk analysis and preventive measures of public rental housing:Taking chongqing as an example[J]. Social Scientist, 2014(12):45-52.]
[4]
曾德珩,全利.关于公租房社区的居住与就业空间匹配问题——以重庆市为例[J].城市问题,2014(2):88-93.[Zeng Deheng, Quan Li. Spatial matching between residing and employing of the public rental housing:Taking Chongqing city for example[J]. Urban Problems, 2014(2):88-93.]
[5]
李小广,邱道持,李凤,等.重庆市公共租赁住房社区居民的职住空间匹配[J].地理研究,2013,32(8):1457-1466.[Li Xiaoguang, Qiu Daochi, Li Feng, et al. Matching analysis of the job and residence space of residents in the public rental housing community in Chongqing[J]. Geographical Research, 2013,32(8):1457-1466.]
[6]
Kain J F. Housing segregation, negro employment, and metropolitan decentralization[J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1968,82(2):175-197.
[7]
Gobillon L, Selod H, Zenou Y. The mechanisms of spatial mismatch[J]. Urban Studies, 2007,44(12):2401-2427.
[8]
Martin R W. Can black workers escape spatial mismatch? Employment shifts, population shifts, and black unemployment in American cities[J]. Journal of Urban Economics, 2003,55(1):179-194.
[9]
Ellwood D T. The spatial mismatch hypothesis:Are there teenage jobs missing in the ghetto?[R]. Cambridge Massachusetts:National Bureau of Economic Research(NBER) Working Papers, 1983.
[10]
Houston D S. Methods to test the spatial mismatch hypothesis[J]. Economic Geography, 2015,81(4):407-434.
[11]
Stoll M A. Job sprawl, spatial mismatch, and black employment disadvantage[J]. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2006,25(4):827-854.
[12]
Korsu E, Wenglenski S. Job accessibility, residential segregation and risk of long-term unemployment in the paris region[J]. Urban Studies, 2010,47(11):2279-2324.
[13]
Lau C Y. Spatial mismatch and the affordability of public transport for the poor in Singapore's new towns[J]. Cities, 2011,28(3):230-237.
[14]
Naudé W. Is there a spatial mismatch in South Africa's metropolitan labour market?[J]. Cities, 2008,25(5):268-276.
[15]
Kawabata M. Spatial mismatch problem of childcare in Tokyo[J]. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2011,21:300-303.
[16]
虞晓芬,高鋆,梁超.国内外空间失配理论的研究进展述评[J].经济地理,2013,33(3):15-21.[Yu Xiaofen, Gao Yun, Liang Chao. A review on the research of spatial mismatch hypothesis[J]. Economic Geography, 2013,33(3):15-21.]
[17]
周江评. "空间不匹配" 假设与城市弱势群体就业问题:美国相关研究及其对中国的启示[J].现代城市研究,2004,19(9):8-14.[Zhou Jiangping. Spatial mismatch hypothesis and employment of the disadvantaged social group:Research evolution in the U.S. and implications for China[J]. Modern Urban Research, 2004,19(9):8-14.]
[18]
张艳,刘志林.市场转型背景下北京市中低收入居民的住房机会与职住分离研究[J].地理科学,2018,38(1):11-19.[Zhang Yan, Liu Zhilin. Access to housings and home-work separation of moderate to low-income residents in beijing under the market-oriented transition[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2018,38(1):11-19.]
[19]
郑思齐,曹洋.居住与就业空间关系的决定机理和影响因素——对北京市通勤时间和通勤流量的实证研究[J].城市发展研究, 2009,16(6):29-35.[Zheng Siqi, Cao Yang. The determinants of jobs-housing spatial relationship in Beijing[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2009,16(6):29-35.]
[20]
孟斌.北京城市居民职住分离的空间组织特征[J].地理学报,2009, 64(12):1457-1466.[Meng Bin. The spatial organization of the separation between jobs and residential locations in Beijing[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2009,64(12):1457-1466.]
[21]
周素红,刘玉兰.转型期广州城市居民居住与就业地区位选择的空间关系及其变迁[J]. 地理学报,2010,65(2):191-201.[Zhou Suhong, Liu Yulan. The situation and transition of jobs-housing relocation in Guangzhou, China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2010, 65(2):191-201.]
[22]
叶昌东,代丹丹,刘海东.2000年以来广州市中心城区职住空间演变及其行业差异研究[J].城市发展研究,2018,25(9):75-81,116, 165.[Ye Changdong, Dai Dandan, Liu Haidong. Spatial evolution of job-housing relationship and its differentiation in sectors in central area of Guangzhou from 2000[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2018,25(9):75-81,116,165.]
[23]
肖琛,陈雯,袁丰,等.2000-2010年无锡市职住空间关系变化及影响因素分析[J].地理科学,2014,34(2):137-146.[Xiao Chen, Chen Wen, Yuan Feng, et al. Relationship between job-housing spaces of wuxi city and its influencing factors in 2000-2010[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2014,34(2):137-146.]
[24]
柴彦威,张艳,刘志林.职住分离的空间差异性及其影响因素研究[J].地理学报,2011,66(2):157-166.[Chai Yanwei, Zhang Yan, Liu Zhilin. Spatial differences of home-work separation and the impacts of housing policy and urban sprawl:Evidence from household survey data in Beijing[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(2):157-166.]
[25]
刘志林,王茂军.北京市职住空间错位对居民通勤行为的影响分析——基于就业可达性与通勤时间的讨论[J].地理学报,2011,66(4):457-467.[Liu Zhilin, Wang Maojun. Job accessibility and its impacts on commuting time of urban residents in Beijing:From a spatial mismatch perspective[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(4):457-467.]
[26]
张艳,柴彦威.基于居住区比较的北京城市通勤研究[J].地理研究, 2009,28(5):1327-1340.[Zhang Yan, Chai Yanwei. Characteristics of commuting pattern in Beijing:Based on the comparison of different urban residential areas[J]. Geographical Research, 2009,28(5):1327-1340.]
[27]
李梦玄,周义,胡培.保障房社区居民居住-就业空间失配福利损失研究[J].城市发展研究,2013,20(10):63-68.[Li Mengxuan, Zhou Yi, Hu Pei. Welfare loss study of the jobs-housing spatial mismatch of residents in ensuring housing communities[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2013,20(10):63-68.]
[28]
马光红,严国梁.经济适用房空间失配与福利损失问题研究[J].建筑管理现代化,2008(1):1-3.[Ma Guanghong, Yan Guoliang. Research on the spatial mismatch and welfare loss of affordable housing[J]. Modernization of Building Management, 2008(1):1-3.]
[29]
周素红,程璐萍,吴志东.广州市保障性住房社区居民的居住-就业选择与空间匹配性[J].地理研究,2010,29(10):1735-1745.[Zhou Suhong, Cheng Luping, Wu Zhidong. The jobs-housing relocation and spatial matching of residents in alleviatory housing neighborhoods in Guangzhou[J]. Geographical Research, 2010,29(10):1735-1745.]
[30]
侯学英,吴巩胜,王圣云,等.昆明市保障性住区居民就业空间特征及其收入效应分析[J].人文地理,2016,31(4):50-57.[Hou Xueying, Wu Gongsheng, Wang Shengyun, et al. Analysis on the employment spatial characteristics and income effects of residents in affordable residential districts[J]. Human Geography, 2016,31(4):50-57.]
[31]
Silverman B W. Density Estimation for Statistics and Data Analysis[M]. New York:Chapman and Hall, 1986:1-13.
[32]
杨格格,宋辞,裴韬,等.北京对外交通枢纽乘客OD时空分布特征[J].地球信息科学学报,2016,18(10):1374-1383.[Yang Gege, Song Ci, Pei Tao, et al. Passengers' OD temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of the external traffic hubs in Beijing[J]. Journal of Geoinformation Science, 2016,18(10):1374-1383.]
[33]
任国岩.长三角会展场馆空间集聚特征及影响因素[J].经济地理, 2014,34(9):86-92.[Ren Guoyan. The agglomeration characteristics and influencing factors of exhibition venues in Yangtze River Delta[J]. Economic Geography, 2014,34(9):86-92.]
[34]
王金亮,黄志霖,邵景安,等.林地景观点格局的样带梯度分布与空间聚集特征——以重庆三峡库区生态屏障区为例[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(2):308-317.[Wang Jinliang, Huang Zhilin, Shao Jingan, et al. Gradient distribution of belt transects and characteristics of spatial clustering of point pattern of woodland landscapes:A case study of ecological barrier zone of Three-Gorges Reservoir in Chongqing[J]. Progress in Geography, 2013, 32(2):308-317.]
[35]
方忠权.广州会展企业空间集聚特征与影响因素[J].地理学报, 2013,68(4):464-476.[Fang Zhongquan. The agglomeration characteristics and influencing factors of exhibition enterprises in Guangzhou[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2013,68(4):464-476.]
[36]
Besag J E. Comments on ripley's paper[J]. Journal of Royal Statistic Society:B, 1977,39:193-195.
[37]
朱玮,梁雪媚,桂朝,等.上海职住优化效应的代际差异[J].地理学报,2020,75(10):2192-2205.[Zhu Wei, Liang Xuemei, Gui Chao, et al. Intergenerational differences in Shanghai's occupation and residence optimization[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020,75(10):2192-2205.]
[38]
吴翔华,陈昕雨,袁丰.南京市住房困难人群职住关系及影响因素分析[J].地理科学进展,2019,38(12):1890-1902.[Wu Xianghua, Chen Xinyu, Yuan Feng. Job-housing relationship of people with housing difficulties and influencing factors in Nanjing City[J]. Progress in Geography, 2019,38(12):1890-1902.]
[39]
易成栋,高萌,张纯.基于项目、家庭和个体视角的经济适用住房的就业可达性——以北京市为例[J].城市发展研究,2015,22(12):31-37.[Yi Chengdong, Gao Meng, Zhang Chun. Job accessibility of economic and comfortable housing in Beijing:From the perspectives of project, individual and family[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2015,22(12):31-37.]
