以湘西29个历史文化名村名镇或传统村镇为研究对象,分析传统聚落文化景观特征,构建了物质性文化景观和非物质文化景观相似性的指标体系,基于实地调查数据,制定了指标数据量化策略,应用层次聚类分析方法对文化景观进行相似性聚类,并利用GIS空间分析技术对聚类结果进行了分区。结果显示,北部为土家族聚落景观区,中部和西南部为苗族聚落景观区,多民族混合型聚落景观区在研究区中西部、中部和东南部呈条带状分布;土家族文化景观区的标志特征为吊脚楼;苗族文化景观区以宗族血缘为纽带,建筑以干栏建筑为主,其非物质文化景观以鼓舞和柳巾舞为典型特征;混合景观区主要表现为汉族传统文化特征。

Cultural landscape has always been a hot field in cultural geography research. Traditional Settlements as carriers of local culture and national culture, have rich cultural heritages, which also is a focus field of current research in folklore, geography, architecture and other disciplines. In this paper, taking the 29 historical and cultural villages and towns as study objects which were announced by national or provincial government officially, by analyzing the traditional settlements cultural landscape characteristics, a similarity index system was built which contain the material cultural landscape indexes and non-material cultural landscape indexes, and the AHP method(Analytic Hierarchy Process) is used to calculate the weight of each index. Then, these indexes were quantified based on survey data, and an algorism of similarity clustering was used to classified cultural landscape. And then, using some GIS spatial analysis algorithm, the kernel density map was obtained, and based kernel density map, study area was divided to three parts. The north part of study area is the region of Tujia nationality traditional settlement, which locate the middle reaches of the Youshui river basin, and the south part is the region of Miao nationality traditional settlement which is in the middle reaches of Wushui river basin, and the middle part is multi-nationality traditional settlement. There are also some differences among these settlement, in order to distinguish different characteristics, a comparative analysis is carried out. Finally, some key characteristics of different divisions were distinguished, the characteristics in division of Miao nationality traditional settlement landscapes include "Ganlan" style architecture, Gable roof, and Miao nationality dances, such as drum dance and Liujing dance.