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| HERITAGE IDENTITY: CONCEPT CONNOTATION AND RESEARCH APPROACHES |
| ZHANG Chao-zhi1,2, QU Ce1,2, JIN Yu-han1,2 |
1. School of Tourism Management of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
2. UIUC-SYSU International Joint Lab for National Park Research(Zhangjiajie), Guangzhou 510275, China |
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Abstract With the rapid development of heritage tourism, people pay much more attention to the economic value of heritage than the cultural, social and political values. However, according to the previous research, the reasons for plenty of conflicts in world heritage sites and much challenge in "living heritage" protection are not only the unfair distribution of heritage economic benefits but also the differences in stakeholders' values. For the heritage industrialization background, the importance of intangible heritage and the aggravated heritage dissonance, this paper tries to figure out one concept from the literature reviews of heritage researches, aiming to explain and solve the current conflict problems in heritage tourism destinations. Finally, the concept of "heritage identity" is proposed, which has two aspects of connotations here:identity and heritage; people's identity to heritage, both of which emphasize the role of human beings in heritage. However, in comparison, the "identity to heritage" aspect cares more about the actors' agency, which includes people's cognitive, emotion, values, and attitudes toward heritage. The "identity and heritage" aspect defines more about the heritage's objective identity, as the individual, family, local, national or world heritage name. Based on this, this paper refines two core research questions of heritage identity:Who defines the heritage, which is heritage, what is the relationship between heritage and the person who defines heritage? How other persons perceive or value the above heritage, and then define their own heritage, through which, their own identities are expressed out. Above all, this concept proposal contributes to the landscape research in new cultural geography and provide the theoretical direction for heritage tourism destinations governance.
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Received: 05 August 2017
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胡宪洋,白凯.拉萨八廓街地方性的游客认同建构[J].地理学报, 2015,70(10):1632-1649.[Hu Xianyang, Bai Kai. The construction of tourists' placeness identity of Barkhor Street in Lhasa[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015,70(10):1632-1649.]
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钱俊希,杨槿,朱竑.现代性语境下地方性与身份认同的建构——以拉萨"藏漂" 群体为例[J].地理学报,2015,70(8):1281-1295.[Qian Junxi, Yang Jing, Zhu Hong. The construction of placeness and identity in the context of China's emerging modernity:A case study of Han Chinese "drifters" in Lhasa, Tibet[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015,70(8):1281-1295.]
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Waterton E. Whose sense of place? Reconciling archaeological perspectives with community values:Cultural landscapes in England[J]. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 2005,11(4):309-325.
|
| [13] |
杨立国,林琳,刘沛林,等.少数民族传统聚落景观基因的居民感知与认同特征:以通道芋头侗寨为例[J].人文地理,2014,29(6):60-66.[Yang Liguo, Lin lin, Liu Peilin, et al. On the perception and identification of traditional settlements' landscape genes in Chinese minority areas:A case study in Taro Dong minority village Tongdao[J]. Human Geography, 2014,29(6):60-66.]
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路幸福,陆林.基于旅游者凝视的后发型旅游地文化认同与文化再现[J].人文地理,2014,29(6):117-124.[Lu Xingfu, Lu Lin. Cultural identity and representation of late development tourism destination based on the perspective of tourism gaze[J]. Human Geography, 2014,29(6):117-124.]
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|
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|
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|
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|
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燕海鸣. "遗产化" 中的话语和记忆[N].中国社会科学报,2011-08-16(012).[Yan Haiming. The discourse and memory in heritabilization[N]. China Social Science Today, 2011-08-16(012).]
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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Merriman N. Beyond the Glass Case:The Past, the Heritage and the Public in Britain[M]. Leicester:Leicester University Press, 1991:135-147.
|
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Šešic M D, Mijatovic L R. Balkan dissonant heritage narratives (and their attractiveness) for tourism[J]. American Journal of Tourism Management, 2014,3(1B):10-19.
|
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胡志毅.国外遗产旅游"内生矛盾论" 研究述评[J].旅游学刊,2011, 26(9):90-96.[Hu Zhiyi. A review of overseas studies on "intrinsic contestations" in heritage tourism[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2011,26(9):90-96.]
|
| [31] |
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|
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张淑华,李海莹,刘芳.身份认同研究综述[J].心理研究,2012,5(1):21-27.[Zhang Shuhua, Li Haiying, Liu Fang. Review on research of identity[J]. Psychological Research, 2012,5(1):21-27.]
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|
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王宁.消费与认同——对消费社会学的一个分析框架的探索[J]. 社会学研究,2001,16(1):4-14.[Wang Ning. Consumption and identity:Explore a conceptual framework of sociology of consumption[J]. Sociological Research, 2001,16(1):4-14.]
|
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|
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Smith L. Heritage, gender and identity[M]//Graham B, Howard P. The Ashgate Research Companion to Heritage and Identity. Aldershot:Ashgate Publishing, 2008:159-178.
|
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González M V. Intangible heritage tourism and identity[J]. Tourism Management, 2008,29(4):807-810.
|
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|
| [42] |
Groote P, Haartsen T. The communication of heritage:Creating place identities[M]//Graham B, Howard P. The Ashgate Research Companion to Heritage and Identity. Aldershot:Ashgate Publishing, 2008:181-194.
|
| [27] |
Dick R V, Grojean M W, Christ O, et al. Identity and the extra mile:Relationships between organizational identification and organizational citizenship behaviour[J]. British Journal of Management, 2010,17(4):283-301.
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Waterton E, Smith L, Campbell G. The utility of discourse analysis to heritage studies:The Burra Charter and social inclusion[J]. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 2006,12(4):339-355.
|
| [43] |
Alderman D H. Place, naming, and the interpretation of cultural landscapes[M]//Graham B, Howard P. The Ashgate Research Companion to Heritage and Identity. Aldershot:Ashgate Publishing, 2008:195-213.
|
| [44] |
王晓晓,张朝枝.遗产旅游真实性理解差异与遗产地管理[J].旅游科学,2007,21(1):13-16.[Wang Xiaoxiao, Zhang Chaozhi. Understanding discrepancy of the authenticity of heritage tourism and management of heritage sites[J]. Tourism Science, 2007,21(1):13-16.]
|
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魏雷,钱俊希,朱竑.谁的真实性:泸沽湖的旅游凝视与本土认同[J].旅游学刊,2015,30(8):66-76.[Wei Lei, Qian Junxi, Zhu Hong. Whose authenticity:Tourist gaze and local identities in Lugu Lake[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2015,30(8):66-76.]
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李春霞,彭兆荣.从滇越铁路看遗产的"遗产化"[J].云南民族大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2009,26(1):29-34.[Li Chunxia, Peng Zhaorong. On the "heritabilization" of heritages through a study of Yunnan-Vietnam railway[J]. Journal of Yunnan Nationalities University, 2009,26(1):29-34.]
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Waterton E, Smith L. The recognition and misrecognition of community heritage[J]. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 2010, 16(1/2):4-15.
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2018, Vol. 33 
