RURAL TOURISM AND ITS IMPACTS ON THE RURAL HOUSEHOLDS' MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY IN POOR MOUNTAINOUS AREAS IN CHINA
LI Jie1, DANG Pei-ying1, REN Lin-jing2
1. School of Public Policy and Administraion, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China;
2. School of Humanities, Economics and Laws, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
Abstract After the theoretical analysis of rural tourism's impact on households' multidimensional poverty, the paper makes an empirical research on the effects of rural tourism on multidimensional poverty by the Endogenous Switching Regression (ESR) model with the survey data of 22 tourism poverty alleviation villages in four cities of Shaanxi Province, China. The results show that:Firstly, the larger the multidimensional poverty is, the lower the proportion of households participating in tourism. Rural tourism doesn't benefit the poor intrinsically. Secondly, in general, households participation in rural tourism has significantly reduced their multidimensional poverty. From a single dimension, rural tourism participation has significant reduction effects on the dimensions of households' economic status, education, living standards and rights poverty. Specifically, it has the largest poverty reduction effects on households living standards, but the effects on health dimension is not significant. Thirdly, significant changes of the factors influencing the multidimensional poverty index, economic status and living standards exist between the households participating tourism and those not, but there are no significant changes of the factors influencing the education, health and right poverty. Therefore, we put forward the suggestions including:improving rural tourism, innovating management modes; distinguishing the participating and non-participating households to carryout precise propoor assistances; and protecting the rights and interests of rural households in the development of rural tourism through systematic designs.
LI Jie,DANG Pei-ying,REN Lin-jing. RURAL TOURISM AND ITS IMPACTS ON THE RURAL HOUSEHOLDS' MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY IN POOR MOUNTAINOUS AREAS IN CHINA[J]. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 35(6): 122-131.
陈志刚,毕洁颖,吴国宝,等.中国扶贫现状与演进以及2020年后的扶贫愿景和战略重点[J].中国农村经济,2019(1):2-16.[Chen Zhigang, Bi Jieying, Wu Guobao, et al. Post-2020 rural urban integrative poverty reduction strategy:Development status, evolution, new vision and key areas[J]. Chinese Rural Economy, 2019(1):2-16.]
[2]
Njoya E T, Seetaram N. Tourism contribution to poverty alleviation in Kenya:A dynamic computable general equilibrium analysis[J]. Journal of Travel Research, 2018,57(4):513-524.
[3]
Mitchell J, Ashley C. Tourism and Poverty Reduction:Pathways to Prosperity[M]. London:The Cromwell Press, 2010:10-15.
[4]
Truong V D, Hall C M, Garry T. Tourism and poverty alleviation:Perceptions and experiences of poor people in Sapa, Vietnam[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2014,22(7):1071-1089.
[5]
赵磊,方成,毛聪玲.旅游业与贫困减缓——来自中国的经验证据[J].旅游学刊,2018,33(5):13-25.[Zhao Lei, Fang Cheng, Mao Congling. Tourism and poverty reduction:An empirical evidence from China[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2018,33(5):13-25.]
[6]
Sharpley R. Tourism and development challenges in the least developed countries:The case of the Gambia[J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 2009,12(4):337-358.
[7]
Manyara G, Jones E. Community-based tourism enterprises development in Kenya:An exploration of their potential as avenues of poverty reduction[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2007,15(6):628-644.
[8]
Muchapondwa E, Stage J. The economic impacts of tourism in Botswana, Namibia and South Africa:Is poverty subsiding?[J]. Natural Resources Forum, 2013,37(2):80-89.
[9]
李如友,郭鲁芳.旅游减贫效应之辩-一个文献综述[J].旅游学刊, 2017,32(6):28-37.[Li Ruyou, Guo Lufang. The effect of tourism development on poverty alleviation:A literature review[J].Tourism Tribune, 2017,32(6):28-37.]
[10]
王耀斌,陆路正,魏宝祥,等.多维贫困视角下民族地区乡村旅游精准扶贫效应评价研究:以扎尕村为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018, 32(12):190-196.[Wang Yaobin, Lu Luzheng, Wei Baoxiang, et al. Accurate poverty alleviation effect of rural tourism in minority areas from the perspective of multidimensional poverty:Case of Zhagana village in Gansu[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2018,32(12):190-196.]
[11]
马奔,温亚利.生态旅游对农户家庭收入影响研究——基于倾向得分匹配法的实证分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(10):152-160.[Ma Ben, Wen Yali. Impact of ecotourism management on rural households income:Based on propensity score matching method[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2016,26(10):152-160.]
[12]
余利红.基于匹配倍差法的乡村旅游扶贫农户增收效应[J].资源科学,2019,41(5):955-966.[Yu Lihong. Effects of rural pro-poor tourism on farming households' income:A study based on the PSMDID method[J]. Resources Science, 2019,41(5):955-966.]
[13]
Su M M, Wall G, Xu K J. Heritage tourism and livelihood sustainability of a resettled rural community:Mount Sanqingshan World Heritage Site, China[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2016, 24(5):1-23.
[14]
罗文斌,孟贝,唐沛,等.土地整理、旅游发展与农户生计的影响机理研究:一个乡村旅游发展的实证检验[J].旅游学刊,2019,34(11):96-106.[Luo Wenbin, Meng Bei, Tang Pei, et al. Influential relationships among rural land consolidation, tourism development and agrarian household livelihood:An empirical test of rural tourism development[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2019,34(11):96-106.]
[15]
崔晓明,杨新军.旅游地农户生计资本与社区可持续生计发展研究——以秦巴山区安康一区三县为例[J].人文地理,2018,33(2):147-153.[Cui Xiaoming, Yang Xinjun. A research on farmars' livelihood assets and sustainable livelihood development of community:A case study of Ankang in Qinling-Bashan Mountain Area[J]. Human Geography, 2018,33(2):147-153.]
[16]
陈佳,杨新军,王子侨,等.乡村旅游社会-生态系统脆弱性及影响机理——基于秦岭景区农户调查数据的分析[J].旅游学刊,2015, 30(3):64-75.[Chen Jia, Yang Xinjun, Wang Ziqiao, et al. Vulnerability and influence mechanisms of rural tourism socio-ecological systems:A household survey in China' Qinling Mountain Area[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2015,30(3):64-75.]
[17]
Yang X, Hung K. Poverty alleviation via tourism cooperatives in China:The story of Yuhu[J]. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2014,26(6):879-906.
[18]
余利红.乡村旅游扶贫政策的多维减贫效应研究——基于匹配倍差法的估计[J].武汉交通职业学院学报,2019,21(2):1-9.[Yu Lihong. A study on the multi-dimensional poverty reduction effect of rural tourism poverty alleviation policy:Based on the estimation of PSM-DID method[J]. Journal of Wuhan Transportation Vocational College, 2019,21(2):1-9.]
[19]
Alkire S, Foster J. Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement[J]. Journal of Public Economics, 2011,95(7/8):476-487.
[20]
王小林,Alkire.中国多维贫困测量:估计和政策含义[J].中国农村经济,2009(12):4-10.[Wang Xiaolin, Alkire. Multidimensional poverty measurement in China:Estimation and policy implications[J].Chinese Rural Economy, 2009(12):4-10.]
[21]
郭君平,谭清香,曲颂.进城农民工家庭贫困的测量与分析——基于"收入-消费-多维"视角[J].中国农村经济,2018(9):94-109.[Guo Junping, Tan Qingxiang, Qu Song. The poverty of rural migrant families:An analytical framework from the perspectives of income, consumption and multi-dimensions[J]. Chinese Rural Economy, 2018(9):94-109.]
[22]
王立剑,叶小刚,陈杰.精准扶贫视角下产业扶贫效果评估[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2018,28(1):113-123.[Wang Lijian, Ye Xiaogang, Chen Jie. Performance evaluation of industrial poverty alleviation from the perspective of precise recognition[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2018,28(1):113-123.]
[23]
Sen A. Development as Freedom[M]. Oxford:Oxford University Press, 1999.
[24]
World Bank. World Development Report 2000/2001:Attacking Poverty[M]. New York:Oxford University Press, Inc., 2000:31-44.
[25]
何莽,李靖雯.景区内的贫困:旅游扶贫的权力视角与解释[J].旅游学刊,2019,34(8):97-107.[He Mang, Li Jingwen. Poverty in the scenic area:An explanation from the power perspective of pro-poor tourism[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2019,34(8):97-107.]
[26]
Abdulai A N. Impact of conservation agriculture technology on household welfare in Zambia[J]. Agricultural Economics, 2016,47(6):729-741.
[27]
Brookhart M A, Schneeweiss S, Rothman K J, et al. Variable selection for propensity score models[J]. American journal of Epidemiology, 2006,163(12):1149-1156.
[28]
侯亚景,周云波.收入贫困与多维贫困视角下中国农村家庭致贫机理研究[J]. 当代经济科学,2017,39(2):116-123.[Hou Yajing, Zhou Yunbo. A study on the poverty mechanism of Chinese rural families from the perspective of income poverty and multidimensional poverty[J]. Modern Economic Science, 2017,39(2):116-123.]
2020, Vol. 35 
