|
|
CONSTRUCTION OF SELF-IDENTITY AND EMBODIED EXPERIENCE: A CASE STUDY OF CHINESE GAY TOURISTS IN THAILAND |
XIANG Ke-heng1,2, YU Yue1, HUNG Kam1 |
1. School of Hotel and Tourism Management, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China;
2. School of Culture and Tourism, Zhejiang International Studies University, Hangzhou 310012, China |
|
|
Abstract Research on gay tourism has mainly focused on Western countries such as Europe and the United States, and relatively little is known about the tourism behavior and psychology of gay tourists in Asia. Given the unique social norms and relatively conservative stance of Asian cultures, the tourism experience and psychology of Asian gay tourists may be different from that of the West, and the Asian gay tourist Psychological and behavioral changes and bodily sensory perceptions of Asian gay tourists have also become a neglected segmentation topic in existing research. This study investigated the identity reconstruction and embodied experiences of Chinese gay tourists using a qualitative approach. Based on 16 diaries and 6 in-depth interviews with Chinese gay tourists, our findings show that: 1) The narrative process of identity and embodied experience of Chinese gay tourists to Thailand consists of identity indecision and bodily expectation, identity and bodily experience adaptation, identity and embodied experience struggle, identity reinforcement and physical and mental burnout regulation, identity convergence and embodied perception; 2) The narrative construction space of identity and embodied experience in Chinese gay and lesbian travel to Thailand provides a transformation-oriented path of identity-body experience through which Chinese gay and lesbian tourists adjust their self-identity and adapt to the corresponding bodily sensory experience and bodily sociological context.
|
Received: 08 January 2021
|
|
|
|
|
[1] |
周晶晶.中国7000万同性恋群体同性恋经济是门大生意[EB/OL].(2016-03-07)[2016-09-12].https://news.china.com/zh_cn/social/1007/20160307/21733036_all.html#page_2.[Zhou Jingjing.China's 70 Million Homosexual Groups, Homosexual Economy is a Big Business[EB/OL].(2016-03-07)[2016-09-12].https://news.china.com/zh_cn/social/1007/20160307/21733036_all.html#page_2.]
|
[2] |
Hughes H.Gay men's holiday destination choice:A case of risk and avoidance[J].International Journal of Tourism Research, 2002,4(4):299-312.
|
[3] |
Wong C L, Tolkach D.Travel preferences of Asian gay men[J].Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 2017,22(6):579-591.
|
[4] |
ZANK.中国同志消费调查报告:境外出游首选泰国[EB/OL].(2015-04-29)[2015-07-13].https://www.unjs.com/fanwenwang/ziliao/287723.html.[ZANK.China Gay Consumption Survey Report:Thailand is the First Choice for Overseas Travel[EB/OL].(2015-04-29)[2015-07-13].https://www.unjs.com/fanwenwang/ziliao/287723.html.
|
[5] |
Gustav V.Gay tourism:Culture and context/pink tourism:Holidays of gay men and lesbians[J].Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2008, 16(2):249-252.
|
[6] |
Johnston L.Queering tourism:Paradoxical performances at gay pride parades[J].Queering Tourism Paradoxical Performances of Gay Pride Parades, 2005,17(5):124-131.
|
[7] |
鼎丰.2018年泼水节5天240亿观光收入[EB/OL].(2018-04-20)[2018-05-21].https://www.sohu.com/a/232329710_100176847.[Ding Feng.2018 Water Sprinkling Festival 5 Days 24 Billion Tourism Revenue[EB/OL].(2018-04-20)[2018-05-21].https://www.sohu.com/a/232329710_100176847.]
|
[8] |
Frable D E, Wortman C, Joseph J.Predicting self-esteem, well-being, and distress in a cohort of gay men:The importance of cultural stigma, personal visibility, community networks, and positive identity[J].Journal of Personality, 1997,65(3):599-624.
|
[9] |
Harper G W, Schneider M.Oppression and discrimination among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered people and communities:A challenge for community psychology[J].American Journal of Community Psychology, 2003,31(3/4):243-252.
|
[10] |
Riggle E, Whitman J S, Olson A, et al.The positive aspects of being a lesbian or gay man[J].Professional Psychology Research&Practice, 2008,39(2):210-217.
|
[11] |
Holt M.Gay men and ambivalence about'gay community':From gay community attachment to personal communities[J].Culture, Health&Sexuality, 2011,13(8):857-871.
|
[12] |
McLaren S, Jude B, McLachlan A J.Sense of belonging to the general and gay communities as predictors of depression among Australian gay men[J].International Journal of Men's Health, 2008, 7(1):90-99.
|
[13] |
Markwell K, Waitt G.Festivals, space and sexuality:Gay pride in australia[J].Tourism Geographies, 2009,11(2):143-168.
|
[14] |
Featherstone M.Lifestyle and consumer culture[J].Theory, Culture and Society, 1987,4(1):55-57.
|
[15] |
Wearing B, Wearing S.Identity and the commodification of leisure[J].Leisure Studies, 1991,11(1):3-18.
|
[16] |
陈才,卢昌崇.认同:旅游体验研究的新视角[J].旅游学刊,2011,26(3):37-42.[Chen Cai, Lu Changchong.Identification:A new perspective of tourism experience research[J].Tourism Tribune, 2011, 26(3):37-42.]
|
[17] |
包军军,白凯.自我认同建构的旅游介入影响研究——以拉萨"藏漂"为例[J].旅游学刊,2019,34(7):31-45.[Bao Junjun, Bai Kai.A study on the influence of tourism intervention on self-identity construction:A case study of Tibetan in Lhasa[J].Tourism Tribune, 2019,34(7):31-45.]
|
[18] |
Edge S.The Nineties So far[J].Gay Times, 1996,2:18-20,22-24.
|
[19] |
Hughes H L.Holidays and homosexual identity[J].Tourism Management, 1997,18(1):3-7.
|
[20] |
Binnie J.Coming out of Geography:Towards a queer epistemology?[J].Environment&Planning D:Society&Space, 1997,15(2):223-237.
|
[21] |
Herrera S L, Scott D."We gotta get out of this place!" leisure travel among gay men living in a small city[J].Tourism Review International, 1990,8(3):249-262.
|
[22] |
Bauer T G, McKercher B.Sex and Tourism:Journeys of Romance, Love, and Lust[M].New York:Haworth Hospitality Press, 2003:23-27.
|
[23] |
Cox M.Gay Holidaymaking:A Study of Tourism and Sexual Culture[D].London:University of London, 2001:23-24.
|
[24] |
Monterrubio J C.Identity and sex:Concurrent aspects of gay tourism[J].An International Multidisciplinary Journal of Tourism, 2009, 4(2):155.
|
[25] |
Cox M.The long-haul out of the closet:The journey from smalltown to boystown[M]//Clift S, Luongo M, Callister C (Eds).Gay Tourism:Culture, Identity and Sex.London:Continuum, 2002:164.
|
[26] |
Herrera S L, Scott D."We gotta get out of this place!" Leisure travel among gay men living in a small city[J].Tourism Review International, 2005,8(3):249-262.
|
[27] |
Barsalou L W.Perceptual symbol systems[J].Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1999,22(4):577-609.
|
[28] |
蔡少燕,陶伟.从漠视到觉醒:西方旅游研究对身体的再认识[J].人文地理,2019,34(4):1-12.[Cai Shaoyan, Tao Wei.From disrespect to awakening:Re-understanding of the body in western tourism research[J].Human Geography, 2019,34(4):1-12.]
|
[29] |
Veijola S, Jokinen E.The body in tourism[J].Theory, Culture&Society, 1994,11(3):125-151.
|
[30] |
魏华,段海岑,周宗奎.具身认知视角下的消费者行为[J].心理科学进展,2018,26(7):1294-1306.[Wei Hua, Duan Haichen, Zhou Zongkui.Consumer behavior from the perspective of embodiment cognition[J].Advances in Psychological Science, 2018,26(7):1294-1306.]
|
[31] |
樊友猛,谢彦君".体验"的内涵与旅游体验属性新探[J].旅游学刊, 2017,32(11):16-25.[Fan Youmeng, Xie Yanjun.An exploration of experience connotations and tourist experience characteristics[J].Tourism Tribune, 2017,32(11):16-25.]
|
[32] |
徐英,谢彦君,卫银栋.旅游场的范畴建构——具身体验视角的思辨与草原旅游场的实证研究[J].经济管理,2018,40(10):140-155.[Xu Ying, Xie Yanjun, Wei Yindong.The construction of tourism field:Based on the empirical research of the grassland tourism field[J].Business Management Journal, 2018,40(10):142-155.]
|
[33] |
胡明丽,严艳,李嘉钰.具身视角下旅游饮食体验及其影响因素研究——以西安回民街为例[J].资源开发与市场,2019,35(2):269-273,228.[Hu Mingli, Yan Yan, Li Jiayu.Food experience in tourism and it's influencing factors on embodied theory:A case study of Xi'an Huimin street[J].Resource Development&Market, 2018, 35(2):269-273,228.]
|
[34] |
朱璇,江泓源.移动性范式下的徒步体验研究——以徽杭古道为例[J].旅游科学,2019,33(2):27-41,58.[Zhu Xuan, Jiang Hongyuan.A Study on the hiking experience under the mobility paradigm:A case study on old Huizhou-Hangzhou Ancient Trail[J].Tourism Science, 2019,33(2):27-41,58.]
|
[35] |
Olsen D H.Wellness and tourism:Mind, body, spirit, place[J].Tourism Management, 2011,32(2):457-462.
|
[36] |
Crouch D.Places around us:Embodied lay geographies in leisure and tourism[J].Leisure Studies, 2000,19(2):63-76.
|
[37] |
Pettman J J.Body politics:International sex tourism[J].Third World Quarterly, 1997,18(1):93-108.
|
[38] |
Jordan F, Aitchison C.Tourism and the sexualisation of the gaze:Solo female tourists'experiences of gendered power, surveillance, and embodiment[J].Leisure Studies, 2008,27(3):329-349.
|
[39] |
吴俊,唐代剑.旅游体验研究的新视角:具身理论[J].旅游学刊, 2018,33(1):118-125.[Wu Jun, Tang Daijian.A new perspective of tourism experience research:Embodied theory[J].Tourism Tribune, 2018,33(1):118-125.]
|
[40] |
Bennett A, Royle N.Introduction to Literature, Criticsm and Theory[M].Hemel Hempstead:Prentice Hall, 1999:120-122.
|
[41] |
Green M C, Brock T C.The role of transportation in the persuasiveness of public narratives[J].Journal of personality&psychology, 2000,79(5):701-721.
|
[42] |
Gerrig R.Experiencing Narrative Worlds:On the Psychological Activities of Reading[M].New Haven:Yale University Press, 1993:71-73.
|
[43] |
Lee W, Gretzel U.Designing persuasive destination websites:A mental imagery processing perspective[J].Tourism Management, 2012,33(5):1270-1280.
|
[44] |
Rozier-Rich S, Santos C A.Processing promotional travel narratives[J].Tourism Management, 2011,32(2):394-405.
|
[45] |
Bell D J.Insignificant others:Lesbian and gay geographies[J].Area, 1991,23(4):323-329.
|
[46] |
Small J, Darcy S, Packer T.The embodied tourist experiences of people with vision impairment:Management implications beyond the visual gaze[J].Tourism Management, 2012,33(4):941-950.
|
[47] |
Thrift N.The Still Point:Resistance, Embodiment and Dance[M] London:Routledge, 1997:124-151.
|
[48] |
Hughes H L.Pink Tourism:Holidays of Gay Men and Lesbians[M].London:CABI Publishing, 2006:211-214.
|
[49] |
Hahm J, Ro H, Olson E D.Sense of belonging to a lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender event:The examination of affective bond and collective self-esteem[J].Journal of Travel&Tourism Marketing, 2018,35(2):244-256.
|
[50] |
Thanakarn B V, Antony K F W.Organisational change towards LGBTQ+inclusion in hospitality and tourism:Managerial perspectives[J].Tourism Management, 2021,86:1-12.
|
[51] |
钱俊希,朱竑".非正常"的文化标签下"同志"社会空间的生产——以广州市X公园"同志渔场"为例[J].人文地理,2014,29(3):35-43.[Qian Junxi, Zhu Hong.Production of "gay" social space under the cultural label of "abnormal":A case study of the"gay fishery"in X park, Guangzhou city[J].Human Geography, 2014,29(3):35-43.]
|
[52] |
魏伟.消费主义和"同志"空间:都市生活的另类欲望地图[J].社会, 2009,29(4):79-106,225-226.[Wei Wei.Consumerism and the"Gay "space:An alternative desire map of urban life[J].Society, 2009,29(4):79-106,225-226.]
|
[53] |
魏伟".酷儿"视角下的城市性和空间政治[J].人文地理,2011,26(1):50-55.[Wei Wei.Urban character and spatial politics from the perspective of queer[J].Human Geography, 2011,26(1):50-55.]
|
[54] |
富晓星.市场经济、空间演变与性:东北男同性恋群体的人类学观察(1980-2010)[J].开放时代,2012(4):133-149.[Fu Xiaoxing.Market economy, spatial evolution and sex:Anthropological observation of the male gay community in Northeast China (1980-2010)[J].Open Times, 2012(4):133-149.]
|
|
|
|