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Current Issue

	2020 Vol.35 Issue.4,Published 2020-08-15

	THEORY DEVELOPMENT SOCIETY CULTURE ECONOMY CITY RURAL TOURISM POPULATION

THEORY DEVELOPMENT

	1	RURAL TRAVEL BEHAVIOR AND AREAL SYSTEM IN CHINA
		ZHAO Peng-jun, HU Hao-yu, YU Zhao
		Optimization of rural areal system is one of the key points of rural spatial planning. Transportation is an important part of the formation of rural areal system. It is also a key indicator of the characteristics of rural areal system. This paper identifies and analyses the characteristics of rural areal system in China from the perspective of residents' travel behavior by using the survey data of rural residents in the national survey of small towns conducted by the Ministry of Housing and Construction in 2016. The results show that the village-town-county hierarchical system still dominates the countryside in China, which is a general characteristic. With the improvement of rural traffic network in some areas, the increase of villagers' car ownership and the extension of urban public transport to rural areas, the acceptance range of villagers' travel space cost is increasing. From the point of view of travel purposes, agricultural production and material supply are still dominated by village-town-county level. Towns are also the main shopping places for villagers. However, medical activities, entertainment and other activities between village and county are relatively more frequent, especially for residents living in developed areas in East China or residents living closer to the county or city. It shows that the township level in our country does not provide medical services that satisfy the villagers' trust at present. Nearly half of the surveyed villagers do not consume entertainment activities, which indicates that the function of providing entertainment activities may be lacking rural China. In addition, the survey data show that travel time of different purposes are maintained in 20 minutes, forming a 20-minute rural life circle. The average travel distance of residents with different travel purposes is significantly different, which confirms that different functions have different service space ranges. The service range of entertainment function is the largest, while the service range of catch-up function is the smallest. With the popularization of cars in countryside and the further improvement of rural road network, the travel range of rural residents is increasing.
		2020 Vol. 35 (4): 1-8,138 [Abstract] ( 195 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 15822KB] ( 1648 )

	9	PARTICIPATORY PHOTOGRAPHY IN WESTERN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS
		TIAN Zi-ling, LIU Chen
		The method of participatory photography has been widely adapted by human geographers of the West in the past decade. This method is a complex qualitative approach which emphasizes the central role of the research participants. It requires participants to take photos or record videos in order to present their actual routines and feelings in the quotidian. It thus not only alters the power relationship between researchers and participants, but also evokes participants' emotions and memories that enable effective communications. Drawing on a comprehensive review of the recent body of literature on the application of participatory photography in Western human geography, this article summarizes the main types of participatory photography method which include Auto-photography, Photo-elicitation, Participatory video, Visitor employed photography, and PhotoVoice, explains its research processes and discusses its advantages and limitations. Our key findings suggest that participatory photography can, 1) Stimulate participants' aspiration to express themselves by evoking their feelings and memories; 2) Enhance meaningful communications between researchers and participants; 3) Raise participants' key role in research and increase their sense of participation in research process; 4) Promote researchers to explore participants' sense of place/space and social relations which reshape their daily practice. However, this research methods has some limitations.
		2020 Vol. 35 (4): 9-16 [Abstract] ( 161 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1510KB] ( 1368 )

	17	FIELD WEAVING: A NEW DISCUSSION ON THE RENEWAL THEORY OF TRADITIONAL TOURISM VILLAGES
		ZHOU Kun, WANG Jin
		Weaving theory is a classical theory in the field of urban planning, which is often used to solve the problem of urban renewal. The basic theory of traditional village renewal is still controversial. Using the method of theoretical deduction and conceptual interpretation, this paper introduces the weaving theory and field theory, and discusses the renewal strategy of traditional tourism villages from the perspective of field weaving. It is found that tourism reconstructs the logic of traditional village renewal, and the "fragmentation" provides the complex and contradictory conditions for the application of weaving theory. The field of traditional tourism villages can be deconstructed into three subfields: Tourism, life and production; Capital differentiation and competition increase the field pressure and cause field imbalance. The field weaving of traditional tourism villages is the renewal theory of protecting village culture and promoting social development with the carrier of material and non-material culture, the basic content of cultural space renewal and relationship space adjustment, and the scientific adjustment strategy. The basic contents of field weaving include cultural field weaving and relational field weaving. It is believed that capital adjustment can be used as one of the technical tools of field weaving. Capital instruments include social capital, economic capital and cultural capital. Social capital focuses on empowering and restricting rights, and on the rebalancing social capital, maintains the rights of vulnerable groups in village renewal, and gives the government more control power. Economic capital is used to adjust and supplement the traditional village field of tourism, which is mainly used to supplement the relationship field. Cultural capital is embodied in the community-based cultural mining and application, especially the cultural mapping tools.
		2020 Vol. 35 (4): 17-22 [Abstract] ( 207 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1982KB] ( 2275 )

SOCIETY

	23	RURAL GOVERNANCE UNDER THE MUTUAL ASSISTANCE OF VILLAGE WORKING TEAM AND RURAL ELITE
		ZHANG Yuan-lin, LIU Yu-ting
		Based on the theoretical perspective of rural governance which was divided into three fields of "government", "community" and "market", this paper takes F poverty village in G Province as an example, and combines the empirical characteristics and problem analysis of F village to explore the rural governance model under the mutual assistance of the government (village working team) and the society (rural elite) through qualitative research methods such as field investigation and in-depth interviews. The study points out that, the village working team, as the representative of governmental authority, guilds and assists the village committee's work. The rural elite uses their own social capital to negotiate and help each other with village working team in terms of project determination, fund use and village development, so as to reduce the cost of governance. The village committee mainly maintains the order of production and life in the countryside, and leads/assists rural elite to participate in village affairs. Generally speaking, village working team embeds into the village, representing the external government authority of upper government, while rural elite represents the endogenous authority of the countryside. As "intermediaries", they need to cooperate and help each other at the rural level in order to form a more balanced rural governance model of "combination of the top, the middle and the bottom".
		2020 Vol. 35 (4): 23-31 [Abstract] ( 205 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4190KB] ( 1491 )

	32	A STUDY ON THE CAUSE AND EFFECT VARIABLES OF RELATIVE DEPRIVATION OF RURAL TOURISM RESIDENTS: AN INDIVIDUAL-BASED PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
		ZHANG Da-zhao, MA Qiu-fang, ZHAO Zhen-bin
		Tourism development has a profound impact on rural tourism areas, and the feelings and behaviors of local residents, as the host, are directly related to the long-term development of tourism. The theory of relative deprivation has wide application potential in improving residents' support for tourism development. However, most of the existing researches on the relative deprivation of residents in tourist destinations are conducted from the macro-level reasons and persuasion mechanism, and to a certain extent, the micro psychological level research is ignored. From the perspective of individual-based psychology, through a questionnaire survey of 340 residents in Wuyuan, this paper investigates the influence of internal attribution on positive coping behavior and discussed the mediating effect of relative deprivation and the moderating effect of self-efficacy. The results show that internal attribution has a positive effect on positive coping behavior. Residents with internal attribution tend to take positive coping behaviors such as seeking help and cognitive restructuring. Relative deprivation plays a part in mediating role between internal attribution and positive coping behavior. The stronger the sense of relative deprivation, the more skeptical and dissatisfied the residents will be to the social norms, and the more inclined they are to adopt negative coping behaviors such as deviant behavior and resistance rather than positive coping behaviors.
		2020 Vol. 35 (4): 32-39,98 [Abstract] ( 151 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2080KB] ( 2646 )

CULTURE

	40	RESEARCH ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE STYLE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF LANDSCAPE GENETIC INFORMATION CHAIN: A CASE STUDY OF SHANGGANTANG VILLAGE
		LI Bo-hua, LIU Min, LIU Pei-lin, DOU Yin-di
		The study of traditional village features has always been one of the focus issues of architecture, landscape and planning, and has achieved fruitful research results, but the related research from the perspective of geography is relatively few. Based on this, this paper attempts to take Shanggantang Village as an example, through field investigation and in-depth interview and other methods, with the help of landscape gene theory to identify and extract the landscape gene of the village. The results showed that: 1) The overall landscape gene of Shanggantang Village preservation degree is good, which has great historical and cultural research value; 2) the inherent cultural gene of Shanggantang Village has not been effectively inherited; 3) the number of landscape genetic information points in Shanggantang Village is numerous and the contents are rich and diverse; 4) the preservation of landscape genetic corridors as a connection channel is relatively complete; 5) the overall preservation of landscape genetic information network is general, and the damage degree of local decoration is very serious.
		2020 Vol. 35 (4): 40-47 [Abstract] ( 146 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 6555KB] ( 1458 )

	48	THE RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE MECHANISM OF SMELLSCAPE PERCEPTION ON RURAL PLACE ATTACHMENT: AN ANALYSIS OF THE MEDIATING ROLE OF NOSTALGIA
		XU Hong, ZHOU Ze-kun
		The ambient scent exerts a subtle influence on people, but it's frequently overlooked by researchers. It is important to study the role of smell in tourism destination and the influence of smellscape perception on place attachment. This paper uses the structural equation model to conduct empirical research in the rural tourism situation. This research collected data through a questionnaire survey, and withdrew 329 copies of effective questionnaire finally. Respondents said that in their rural tourism journey, the impressive odors include flavors of soil or earth (67.7%), the fragrance of flowers (47.2%), the odor of crops (45.1%), fruity flavour (43.72% ), and the smell of cooking food which mixed firewood, rice incense, wine, meat, etc. (36.9%). More importantly, the study found: 1) Rural smellscape perception significantly positively affects the place attachment of tourists, including place dependence and place identity; 2) Smellscape perception has a significant positive impact on nostalgia, which means the odor of tourism environment can trigger tourists' nostalgia emotion; 3) Historical nostalgia has a significant positive impact on place dependence, and individuals nostalgia has a significant positive impact on both place dependence and place identity; 4) The mediating effect of nostalgia between smellscape perception and place attachment has been verified.
		2020 Vol. 35 (4): 48-55 [Abstract] ( 174 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1832KB] ( 2923 )

RURAL

	56	A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON VULNERABILITY OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGES
		ZOU Jun, LIU Yuan, LIU Pei-lin
		The quantitative evaluation index system of landscape vulnerability of traditional village was constructed by using the framework of ‘sensitive exposure adaptability’. According to the difference of industry and income, the traditional villages are divided into three types: Tourism type, industry and trade type and migrant type, with Hunan Province as the research area, and 2 villages are selected as case villages for each type. The data were obtained from field surveys, literature reviews, questionnaires and interviews, and village vulnerability was calculated by a mathematical model method. The results show that: 1) From perspective of the degree of vulnerability, the migrant type presents the strong vulnerability, the industry and trade type presents the medium vulnerability, and the tourism type presents the micro-vulnerability; 2) From the perspective of system layer's brittle structure, tourism type, industry and trade type belong to compound fragile E-A type, and migrant type belongs to balanced E ≤ A-S type; 3) In terms of sensitivity, the sensitivity of migrant type is much higher than that of the other two types. 4) In terms of exposure, tourism type is the strong exposure, industry and trade type is the medium exposure and migrant type is the micro exposure. 5) In terms of adaptability, the tourism type is the highest, the industry and trade type is the second, and the migrant type is the worst. The main contributing factors of tourist villages are maintenance ability (O) and ideology (C). 6) There are also some differences among different types of villages in terms of brittle short plates.
		2020 Vol. 35 (4): 56-63,120 [Abstract] ( 161 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4341KB] ( 1326 )

	64	DIAGNOSIS OF VILLAGE POVERTY RISK TOLERANCE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SYNERGY THEORY: A CASE STUDY OF PINGLI COUNTY IN SHAANXI PROVINCE, CHINA
		ZHANG Jian, RUAN Zheng, RUI Yang, LI Tong-sheng, LIU Xiao-qiong, YANG Hua
		In the post-poverty era when China's precision poverty alleviation strategy is coming to an end, rural areas have achieved remarkable results in poverty alleviation. This paper takes 79 poor villages in Pingli county as examples, uses the synergy theory to establish a dynamic index system and evaluation model of poverty risk tolerance, uses the methods of PCA(Principal Component Analysis) and GWR(Geographically Weighted Regression) to identify poverty risk factors in Pingli county, measures the risk tolerance level of poor villages and then compares with the incidence of poverty. The study found that: The main risk factors of poor villages were natural-background factors, location-produce resource factors, push and pulling factors, production and living security factors; The whole county's tolerance for poverty risk is in the middlelow level, the poverty risk tolerance for poor villages in the central part is low that shows a "collapse" pattern which two-level differentiation is serious.
		2020 Vol. 35 (4): 64-73 [Abstract] ( 149 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 20980KB] ( 614 )

	74	SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF COUPLED DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL POVERTY AND HOLLOWING
		ZHENG Dian-yuan, WEN Qi, HUANG Xiao-jun
		With the development of China's long-term urban and industrial development strategy, and the impact of globalization, urbanization, industrialization and informatization, the lack of free and equal flow of factor resources between urban and rural areas has led to uneven development between urban and rural areas and inadequate rural development. Taking Tongxin county of Ningxia as an example, this paper uses MPI and population hollowing comprehensive evaluation method to calculate the degree of rural poverty and hollowing, and carries out coupling development space analysis and influence factor detection. The results show that: 1) Rural poverty and hollowing the coupling degree showed a trend of low, medium and high three kinds of alternating "low in the north and high in the south" spatial distribution pattern, the high coupling area is mainly concentrated in the southern mountainous area; 2) The recession degree of the rural regional system is basically consistent with the spatial distribution of the coupling degree, and the rural poverty-stricken areas are generally in the state of sub-health and unhealthy development; 3) Rural natural conditions and resource endowment are the basic factors that affect the rural development, the location condition is the important factor, and the economic foundation is the decisive factor.
		2020 Vol. 35 (4): 74-80 [Abstract] ( 140 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3605KB] ( 1049 )

CITY

	81	A POI DATA-BASED STUDY ON URBAN FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF THE RESOURCESBASED CITY: A CASE STUDY OF BENXI, LIAONING
		XUE Bing, ZHAO Bing-yu, XIAO Xiao, LI Jing-zhong, XIE Xiao, REN Wan-xia
		Accurate identification of urban functional areas is of great significance for optimizing and coordinating urban population and land system, improving urban planning and promoting sustainable urban development. We designed the minimal research unit based on road network and selected the public recognition and feature general area of kernel density weighted POI data of the industry, to create quantitative identification system of urban functional areas, put forward the sustainable development strategy of Benxi city from the optimization of urban industrial structure. The results show that: 1) the full sample POI data can improve the precision of urban functional zoning by providing the spatial location of all kinds of industrial entities in the city; 2) the kernel density weighting method can compensate for the shortcomings of reducing the exposure of POI data as point data in the identification of urban functional areas without geographical entity area and influence range; 3) the downtown area of Benxi is affected by the land parcel size, traffic and other factors, forming a spatial pattern of "multi-center" group and "single-mixed" functional area; 4) the central urban area of Benxi city should further improve the public service system, optimize and extend the tourism industry chain, improve the upgrading efficiency of industrial structure, and promote the transformation process of resource-based cities.
		2020 Vol. 35 (4): 81-90 [Abstract] ( 156 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 30117KB] ( 1063 )

	91	COUPLING RESRARCH ON URBAN EXPANSION AND LAND USE EFFICIENCY BASED ON SMART DEVELOPMENT: A CASE OF JINAN'S CORE AREA
		TANG Yong-chao, WANG Cheng-xin, WANG Rui-li, XUE Ming-yue, DOU Wang-sheng
		At present, smart development has become the main strategy applied by the international metropolis. However, influenced by the traditional ideas, most of the development models of Chinese cities focus on pursuing the growth of scale, ignoring the guidance of smart development theory. Therefore, they have shortcomings in the process of practicing the strategy of "smart growth". Under the guidance of intelligent development theory, this paper takes Jinan as an example to discuss the coupling relationship between urban sprawl and land-use efficiency. It chooses two sub-systems of urban sprawl and land-use efficiency to measures the coupling coordination relationship in the main urban area of Jinan. It is mainly analyzed from eight dimensions: spatial form, development efficiency, external influence, land-use structure, population change, economic scale, public service, and comprehensive construction. The following conclusions are drawn: First, the urban sprawl of Jinan has prominent characteristics at different stages, and the expansion mode has changed from single-core to multi-core. Second, although the overall level of land-use efficiency in Jinan is relatively low, it has improved and shown a trend of continuous optimization in recent years. Third, the urban sprawl and land-use efficiency of Jinan do not meet the requirements of the theory of smart development, and the coupling coordination between them is not strong enough to promote urban development.
		2020 Vol. 35 (4): 91-98 [Abstract] ( 110 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5710KB] ( 909 )

ECONOMY

	99	TRADE NETWORK OF ELECTRONIC MACHINERY MANUFACTURING EXPORT PRODUCTS OF CHINA: FORM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INTRA-PRODUCT SPECIALIZATION AND TRADE
		LI Zhen-fa, HE Can-fei
		Electronic machinery manufacturing products have occupied the largest proportion of the intermediate products trade of China, and analyzing the spatial pattern of the export trade network of these products under different trading modes and working procedures can help to know better about the structural features of the export system of China. After differentiating intermediate/final products and general/processing modes, this study focuses on the trans-scale exporting trade networks consist of the export places (on provincial or municipal level) and trading countries of electronic machinery manufacturing products in China during the period of 2002—2016, and discusses how mutli-scale knowledge spillovers generated from global-local interactions (export experiences) and extensions for such spillovers made by evolutionary economic geographers based on technological relatedness (product relatedness) affect firms to enter into such networks to export or existing enterprises to expand advantageous trading partners. The main results are as follows. As for the descriptive aspect, most of the top 10 provinces with more firms and higher export amount locate in the east area and tend to export all of 4 kinds of products to developed countries in Europe or closely-connected domestic regions like Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan.
		2020 Vol. 35 (4): 99-110 [Abstract] ( 99 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 27939KB] ( 615 )

	111	ANALYSIS OF THE SPILLOVER EFFECT OF PRODUCTIVE SERVICES CLUSTER IN CENTRAL METROPOLITAN AREA: TAKING TIANHE DISTRICT OF GUANGZHOU AS AN EXAMPLE
		TENG Li, CAI Di, LIN Zhang-ping
		The spatial spillover is the combination of the knowledge spillover, the market spillover and other forms of spillover in a geographical space. It is of great significance to the formation and development of the industrial cluster. Nevertheless, the mechanism of its effects on the industrial cluster is still not very clear. Therefore, it is necessary and applicative to analysis the industrial cluster of the productive services at the central metropolitan area from the perspective of spatial spillover. In this paper, a grid of 1km×1km-fishnet created in the software of ArcMap is applied to identify the location of 28,134 firms of the productive services in the study area of Tianhe district, central Guangzhou city of China. Industrial cluster are detected, the characteristics of the cluster are analyzed and the spatial spillover effects are explored using spatial data analysis method and spatial regression model. Hot spot analysis and spatial outlier analysis are deployed on the whole productive services and it's 6 sub-sectors, which are the information services, the modern commercial and trade, the financial services, the professional services, the technological services and the cultural and creative industry. The result shows that industrial cluster of the productive services tend to emerge at the central area of the big city, with 5 types been detected. It's also found that cluster of the 6 sub-sectors of the productive services diverse in spatial pattern, their spatial distribution and forms appear imperfect match with each other as a result from the specialization at the same time the diversification respectively.
		2020 Vol. 35 (4): 111-120 [Abstract] ( 278 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 35266KB] ( 987 )

	121	SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND GEOGRAPHICAL MOBILE NETWORK OF ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT TALENTS IN YANGTZE RIVER DELTA: BASED ON THE DATA OF SENIOR EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR TEAM OF LISTED COMPANY
		ZHU Peng-cheng, ZHANG Yu, CAO Wei-dong, REN Ya-wen, JIANG Yu-fan
		Based on the big data of enterprise talents' resumes, the article takes the team of directors of listed companies as a typical group and study the general rules and characteristics of spatial distribution and mobile network of enterprise management talents in Yangtze river delta region by using the methods including CV analysis, social network analysis and modified composite-index method. The results are shown as follows: 1) The spatial distribution of enterprise management talents varies in different areas of Yangtze river delta region. 2) Embracing a few cities as the core and closely connecting each other, the enterprise management talent flow network in Yangtze river delta region is scale-free. 3) Four regional types of enterprise mobile talents are divided according to the direction of flows and level of activities, which shown as a "Fragment" feature.
		2020 Vol. 35 (4): 121-129 [Abstract] ( 187 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5885KB] ( 1504 )

POPULATION

	130	SPATIAL-TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POPULATION FLOW DURING SPRING FESTIVAL TRAVEL RUSH IN YANGTZE RIVER DELTA URBAN AGGLOMERATION BASED ON TENCENT MIGRATION DATA
		CHEN Shuang, ZHOU Rui, GAO Jun
		The research on population flow in urban agglomerations has important theoretical and practical guiding significance for promoting the orderly flow of regional population and coordinated development of urban agglomerations. In recent years, with the rapid development of information and communication technology, the data acquisition environment and collection methods in urban scale and regional scale have been greatly improved. New data sources related to geographic location are constantly emerging. This geographical behavior big data with the characteristics of real-time, quantitative objectivity, and strong spatio-temporal heterogeneity provides a new support and approach for the study of population flow. This article takes the urban agglomeration of the Yangtze River Delta in China as an example, based on Tencent migration big data, using GIS spatial statistics, spatial analysis and K-shell decomposition methods, to systematically analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of the population flow of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration during the Spring Festival travel rush in 2018, from the aspects of total population, order, time series and network level, etc. The results of the study showed that in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Ningbo, and Nanjing, which have relatively high levels of economic development, are labor-importing cities. While Yancheng, Anqing, and Chuzhou, which have relatively low economic development levels, are labor-exporting cities.
		2020 Vol. 35 (4): 130-138 [Abstract] ( 178 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 22572KB] ( 841 )

	139	PATTERNS AND MICRO CAUSES OF VILLAGE POPULATION TRANSFORMATION IN CHINA'S CENTRAL OUTFLOW AREA UNDER NEW URBANIZATION: A CASE STUDY OF YUEYANG, HUNAN PROVINCE
		ZHAO Ning-ning, GUO Yan, LI Zhi-gang, XU Hong-mei, LIN Sai-nan
		Driven by the new urbanization strategy, some new trends of village population transformation emerge, such as obvious localization of villagers' transformation towards non-agricultural employment, which is typical in the central area experiencing great population outflow. This paper attempts to explore the new patterns and micro causes through a case study of Yueyang City, Hunan Province, which is a typical three/four-level cities in central China. The general patterns of rural population transformation of Yueyang and central China are elaborated first. One village is selected from the suburban area, remote mountainous area and traditional agricultural area, respectively, to explore the overall patterns of village population transformation and the impacts of three causes including natural endowment, regional economic development and social service accessibility. We find that population mobility in central China is dominated by inter-province migration, but inner-province migration increases gradually, especially to the local towns. For the suburban village, few population outflows, and most of them work in the non-agricultural sector in villages or the nearby urban and towns. The remote mountainous village witnesses large out-migration. The traditional agricultural village witnesses the coexistence of migration to nearby urban district and employment of most villagers in agriculture. Village endowments and economic development, and regional economic development and social service provision imposes different impacts on village's migration degree, villagers' migration distance, their choice of residence and employment, household structure and even the rise and decline of a village. Policy-making should be specific to village types to promote the new urbanization strategy.
		2020 Vol. 35 (4): 139-145 [Abstract] ( 188 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3454KB] ( 1529 )

TOURISM

	146	BETWEEN IN PLACE AND OUT OF PLACE: THE SPATIAL SURVIVAL CONDITION AND ITS INFLUENCING MECHANISM OF STREET VENDORS IN CHINESE TOURISM DESTINATIONS
		WU Chuan-long, SUN Jiu-xia, DENG Jia-lin
		Spatial governance of the street vendors is a crucial issue for sustainable development of a tourism destination. However, it has not been fully recognized in the research, because along with frequent conflicts, tourism research is difficult to guide the process of governance to street vendors in tourist destinations. Although researches in the field of urban space management investigate such issues focusing on the managers and the governed, they ignore the importance of other users in the space. Based on the concepts of "out of place" and "in place" by Cresswell, this study establishes a theoretical analysis framework of "out of place" and "in place" in the space politics of vulnerable groups, and applies it to the case analysis of the spatial survival condition of street vendors in West Street Yangshuo. The findings are as followed: 1) Although the street vendors in West Street are recognized as "out of place" by the formal institutions and targets of strict eviction regulations, they are accepted by other space users in tourism business activities and "appropriateness" in the informal institutions. 2) The ambivalent social expectation to street vendors in West Street shapes a space structure, which result in the time and space embedding of street vendors in West street. 3) The influencing factors of street vendors "in place" mainly come from both internal and external aspects.
		2020 Vol. 35 (4): 146-153 [Abstract] ( 165 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5323KB] ( 2642 )

	154	CONSTRUCTION AND DECONSTRUCTION OF THE DIMENSION OF TOURISM DESTINATION ATTACHMENT
		QU Ying, CAO Li-mei, YANG Qi
		Since the 1980s, scholars from different disciplines such as human geography, environmental psychology and sociology have found that there is a widespread objective phenomenon of "people's emotional connection to a place". Place attachment is used to describe the above similar phenomena, and thus accumulated rich research results. Under the background of the development of modern tourism activities, the tourism characteristics of non-habitual environment, hedonic experience and temporary stay make the tourism destination a special type of "place", which promotes the research of place attachment to extend from living space and recreation space to tourism destination space. There are some problems in tourism destination attachment, such as vague concept connotation, lack of dimensionality elements, and unclear mechanism of dimensionality interaction. This study innovatively combines social network analysis with grounded theory, constructs the theoretical framework of tourist destination attachment based on tourist generated content, and deconstructs the internal relationship logic of each dimension. In the first stage, grounded theory is used to construct the theoretical framework of tourists' local attachment dimension. The conclusions are as follows: 1) Destination attachment is a kind of "hot" emotion produced by tourists in order to seek self-consistency or difference, through the construction of symbolic meaning, memory association and cognitive emotionality of tourism symbols; 2) Tourism destination attachment can be expanded into a six-dimensional structure of local dependence, local identity, local emotion, local curiosity, local printing and local symbol; 3) The direct interaction between local dependence and other dimensions is obvious and has a strong intermediary role.
		2020 Vol. 35 (4): 154-160 [Abstract] ( 189 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5118KB] ( 1836 )

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