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人文地理  2010, Vol. 25 Issue (1): 1-6    DOI: 10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2010.01.007
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空间错位理论研究进展与方法论评述
刘志林1, 王茂军2, 柴彦威3
1. 清华大学 公共管理学院, 北京 100084;
2. 首都师范大学 资源环境与旅游学院, 北京 100037;
3. 北京大学 城市与环境学院, 北京 100871
SPATIAL MISMATCH THEORY: A REVIEW ON EMPIRICAL RESEARCH AND METHODOLOGY
LIU Zhi-lin1, WANG Mao-jun2, CHAI Yan-wei3
1. School of Public Policy and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
2. College of Resource & Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100037, China;
3. School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

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摘要 空间错位理论是西方城市地理和城市规划研究的重要理论基础之一,自上世纪60年代提出以来引发了大量关注弱势群体居住和就业空间机会的实证研究。近年来中国城市快速空间重构背景下的职住分离现象也引起学者关注。本文首先回顾了空间错位假设的提出背景、基本假设和主要实证研究结论,重点评述了近年来美国空间错位实证研究的方法论进展及主要挑战,在此基础上探讨了空间错位理论对转型期中国城市空间重构研究的借鉴意义。
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关键词 空间错位城市空间重构职住分离空间不平等方法论    
Abstract:The spatial mismatch hypothesis has been an important theoretical base in western study of urban geography and urban planning. Since its proposal in the 1960s, it has stimulated a great volume of empirical studies on measuring and demonstrating the mismatch of job and housing opportunities in western cities. Similar phenomena of urban spatial restructuring and home-work separation in Chinese cities have also attracted increasing attention from scholars. This article presents a critical review of the spatial mismatch study in western countries, starting with an overview of its basic hypothesis and empirical research. We argue that John Kain proposed the spatial mismatch hypothesis in 1969 to highlight adverse impacts of urban spatial restructuring in the 1950s and 1960s in urban labor market. Specifically, the hypothesis states that employment decentralization and housing segregation have led to a mismatch among appropriate jobs available in inner-city neighborhoods where most black residents lived, hence resulting in higher unemployment, lower wages, and longer commuting of inner-city black residents. While many empirical researches focus on racial segregation and inequality in labor and housing markets, recent studies suggest a broader view of spatial inequality experienced by disadvantaged people such as women and low-income people. Then the paper discusses key methodological progress and challenges in spatial mismatch research. We argue that, spatial mismatch highlights the requirement for urban geographers to pay attention to the extent of spatial inequality during the large-scale institutional and spatial restructuring in cities, as well as its adverse impacts on job and housing experience of disadvantaged people such as low-income households.
Key wordsspatial mismatch    urban spatial restructuring    home-work separation    spatial inequality    methodology   
收稿日期: 2009-06-27     
基金资助:

国家自然科学基金项目(40801056);国家自然科学基金项目(40601030)

作者简介: 刘志林(1978-),女,江西省新余市人,讲师,美国康奈尔大学城市与规划专业博士,研究方向为城市社会地理,住房政策,城市规划与政策。E-mail:zhilinliu@tsinghua.edu.cn。
引用本文:   
刘志林, 王茂军, 柴彦威. 空间错位理论研究进展与方法论评述[J]. 人文地理, 2010, 25(1): 1-6. LIU Zhi-lin, WANG Mao-jun, CHAI Yan-wei. SPATIAL MISMATCH THEORY: A REVIEW ON EMPIRICAL RESEARCH AND METHODOLOGY. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, 2010, 25(1): 1-6.
链接本文:  
http://rwdl.xisu.edu.cn/CN/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2010.01.007      或     http://rwdl.xisu.edu.cn/CN/Y2010/V25/I1/1
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