120急救医疗服务的站点选址是基本的设施区位问题。本文以广东省鹤山市为例,开展了关于城乡一体化地区120急救医疗站点区位的优化研究。首先根据2006年鹤山市120呼叫数量的实际数据研究了公众个人满意度随距离的衰减关系;然后在不同的优化原则下构建了两个满意度优化模型;最后,分别假设不同的站点数量设置,对两个模型进行了求解与比较。结果发现基于最小个人满意度最大化的模型II虽然在总满意度上表现不佳,但具有较好的公平性,且可以用较少的站点满足给定距离范围覆盖所有的镇。

Now China is paying more and more attention to the establishment of a full function system for the disease prevention and for the emergency medical services (EMS). But the problem to improve 120 emergency medical services in urban-rural integrated area is still a big issue due to its wide lags of public services. This paper aims to solve the facility location problem of the 120 emergency medical services station in the urban-rural integrated area by taking the case of Heshan County, Guangdong province as a case study. The relationship between personal satisfaction level (PSL) and the service distance to emergency medical services center are analyzed according to the actual data of 120 callings in 2006. It finds that personal satisfaction level decreases in an exponential way when service distance increases. Also, two optimization models are set up by considering different disciplines with the satisfaction level of the emergency medical services services. Model I sets the maximum of the regional total satisfaction level as the object while Model II defines the maximum of the individual personal total satisfaction level as its goal. Then alternative numbers of stations are given to derive the best locations and the variation of regional total satisfaction level and personal total satisfaction level are compared. The selected locations in model I concentrate in towns with large population and not far away from each other. High regional total satisfaction levels are achieved for all number of stations but personal total satisfaction levels are restrained in the remote towns. On the contrary, model II spread stations and remote towns can receive the 120 emergency medical services conveniently, therefore, regional total satisfaction levels should be reduced and personal total satisfaction level be improved. It finds that 3 stations are needed to cover the whole region in 15Km. it argues that Model II has lower efficiency on the total satisfaction level and posses better fairness and can save much setup cost of stations.