Abstract：Since reform and opening up, China has achieved great success in economic development, but the income distribution mechanism has changed either, and caused substantial gaps in residents' income as well. As one of the major source of residents' income, the regional difference of wage is a crucial factor in influencing workforce flow and firm location and has a major effect on regional labor market integration and regional economic integration. So it is vital to explore the formation mechanism and influencing factors of regional wage difference. Among all the existing studies focused on regional wage difference, most of them conducted relative studies based on the average wage of all the urban workers and neglected the difference among different industries. Based on new economic geography and spatial agglomeration theory, this study explores the impact of market potential, industrial agglomeration, human capital, institutional reform and other factors on wage level across different industries by using panel data from 2005 to 2012 of 13 cities located in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region which is a typical region of unbalanced development. The results show that:1) Market potential has a certain promoting effect on wage growth among all sectors. 2) The spatial agglomeration of manufacturing, producer services and public services have a certain role in promoting the growth of average wage, however, the crowding effect of manufacturing agglomeration has begun to reflect, implying the urgency of industrial restructuring and upgrading of manufacturing in future. 3) In terms of control variables, the enhancement effect of transportation infrastructure on wage has been gradually weakening, indicating the importance of achieving infrastructure transition to people's livelihood in future.
赵金丽, 宋金平. 京津冀地区城市间行业工资差异及影响因素分析[J]. 人文地理, 2018, 33(1): 109-114,158.
ZHAO Jin-li, SONG Jin-ping. ANALYSIS OF THE INDUSTRY WAGE DISPARITIES AND DETERMINING FACTORS OF CITIES IN BEIJING-TIANJIN-HEBEI REGION. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, 2018, 33(1): 109-114,158.
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刘修岩,贺小海,殷醒民.市场潜能与地区工资差距:基于中国地级面板数据的实证研究[J].管理世界,2007(9):48-55.[Liu Xiuyan,He Xiaohai,Yin Xingmin.Research on the market potential and regional wage inequality:An empirical analysis based on China district panel data[J].Management World,2007(9):48-55.]
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Glaeser E L,Mare D C.Cities and skills[J].Journal of Labor Economics,2001,19(2):316-342.
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杨仁发.产业集聚与地区工资差距——基于我国269个城市的实证研究[J].管理世界,2013(8):41-50.[Yang Renfa.Research on the industrial agglomeration and regional wage inequality based on the empirical study of 269 cities in China[J].Management World,2013(8):41-50.]
Glaeser E L,Mare D C.Cities and skills[J].Journal of Labor Economics,2001,19(2):316-342.
[11]
Ciccone A,Hall R E.Productivity and the density of economic activity[J].The American Economic Review,1996,86(1):54-70.
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Krugman P.Increasing returns and economic geography[J].The Journal of Political Economy,1991,99(3):483-499.
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李国璋,戚磊.市场潜力,经济集聚与地区间工资差异[J].财经科学,2011(5):71-78.[Li Guozhang,Qi Lei.Market potential on economic cluster and inequality of regional wages[J].Finance&Economics,2011(5):71-78.]
[11]
Ciccone A,Hall R E.Productivity and the density of economic activity[J].The American Economic Review,1996,86(1):54-70.
[12]
王海宁,陈媛媛.产业集聚效应与地区工资差异研究[J].经济评论,2010(5):72-81.[Wang Haining,Chen Yuanyuan.Research on the industrial agglomeration effect and regional wage inequality[J].Economic Review,2010(5):72-81.]
[7]
Fingleton B.Beyond neoclassical orthodoxy:A view based on the new economic geography and UK regional wage data[J].Papers in Regional Science,2005,84(3):351-375.
[15]
姚先国,赖普清.中国劳资关系的城乡户籍差异[J].经济研究,2004(7):82-90.[Yao Xianguo,Lai Puqing.Urban-rural Huji differentials in Chinese labor relations[J].Economic Research Journal,2004(7):82-90.]
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王海宁,陈媛媛.产业集聚效应与地区工资差异研究[J].经济评论,2010(5):72-81.[Wang Haining,Chen Yuanyuan.Research on the industrial agglomeration effect and regional wage inequality[J].Economic Review,2010(5):72-81.]
Redding S,Venables A J.Economic geography and international inequality[J].Journal of International Economics,2004,62(1):53-82.
[16]
郭凤鸣,张世伟.教育和户籍歧视对城镇工和农民工工资差异的影响[J].农业经济问题,2011(6):35-42.[Guo Fengming,Zhang Shiwei.The effect of education discrimination and household discrimination on the wage differences between urban workers and migrant workers[J].Issues in Agricultural Economy,2011(6):35-42.]
李国璋,戚磊.市场潜力,经济集聚与地区间工资差异[J].财经科学,2011(5):71-78.[Li Guozhang,Qi Lei.Market potential on economic cluster and inequality of regional wages[J].Finance&Economics,2011(5):71-78.]
[9]
刘修岩,贺小海,殷醒民.市场潜能与地区工资差距:基于中国地级面板数据的实证研究[J].管理世界,2007(9):48-55.[Liu Xiuyan,He Xiaohai,Yin Xingmin.Research on the market potential and regional wage inequality:An empirical analysis based on China district panel data[J].Management World,2007(9):48-55.]
[17]
Harris C D.The market as a factor in the localization of industry in the United States[J].Annals of the Association of American Geographers,1954,44(4):315-348.
[14]
李国璋,戚磊.市场潜力,经济集聚与地区间工资差异[J].财经科学,2011(5):71-78.[Li Guozhang,Qi Lei.Market potential on economic cluster and inequality of regional wages[J].Finance&Economics,2011(5):71-78.]
[15]
姚先国,赖普清.中国劳资关系的城乡户籍差异[J].经济研究,2004(7):82-90.[Yao Xianguo,Lai Puqing.Urban-rural Huji differentials in Chinese labor relations[J].Economic Research Journal,2004(7):82-90.]
[10]
Glaeser E L,Mare D C.Cities and skills[J].Journal of Labor Economics,2001,19(2):316-342.
[18]
Head K,Mayer T.Regional wage and employment responses to market potential in the EU[J].Regional Science and Urban Economics,2006,36(5):573-594.
[15]
姚先国,赖普清.中国劳资关系的城乡户籍差异[J].经济研究,2004(7):82-90.[Yao Xianguo,Lai Puqing.Urban-rural Huji differentials in Chinese labor relations[J].Economic Research Journal,2004(7):82-90.]
[16]
郭凤鸣,张世伟.教育和户籍歧视对城镇工和农民工工资差异的影响[J].农业经济问题,2011(6):35-42.[Guo Fengming,Zhang Shiwei.The effect of education discrimination and household discrimination on the wage differences between urban workers and migrant workers[J].Issues in Agricultural Economy,2011(6):35-42.]
[11]
Ciccone A,Hall R E.Productivity and the density of economic activity[J].The American Economic Review,1996,86(1):54-70.
[19]
岳希明,张曙光.我国服务业增加值的核算问题[J].经济研究,2002(12):51-59.[Yue Ximing,Zhang Shuguang.On estimation of value added of service sector in China[J].Economic Research Journal,2002(12):51-59.]
[16]
郭凤鸣,张世伟.教育和户籍歧视对城镇工和农民工工资差异的影响[J].农业经济问题,2011(6):35-42.[Guo Fengming,Zhang Shiwei.The effect of education discrimination and household discrimination on the wage differences between urban workers and migrant workers[J].Issues in Agricultural Economy,2011(6):35-42.]
[17]
Harris C D.The market as a factor in the localization of industry in the United States[J].Annals of the Association of American Geographers,1954,44(4):315-348.
[12]
王海宁,陈媛媛.产业集聚效应与地区工资差异研究[J].经济评论,2010(5):72-81.[Wang Haining,Chen Yuanyuan.Research on the industrial agglomeration effect and regional wage inequality[J].Economic Review,2010(5):72-81.]
[20]
许宪春.中国服务业核算及其存在的问题研究[J].经济研究,2004(3):20-27.[Xu Xianchun.A study on the measurement of service industry and related issues in China[J].Economic Research Journal,2004(3):20-27.]
[17]
Harris C D.The market as a factor in the localization of industry in the United States[J].Annals of the Association of American Geographers,1954,44(4):315-348.
[18]
Head K,Mayer T.Regional wage and employment responses to market potential in the EU[J].Regional Science and Urban Economics,2006,36(5):573-594.
王开科,曾五一,王开泳.中国省域城镇工资水平的区域分异机制与空间效应[J].地理研究,2013,32(11):2107-2120.[Wang Kaike,Zeng Wuyi,Wang Kaiyong.Regional differentiation mechanism and spatial effects of the wage level among different provincial units in China[J].Geographical Research,2013,32(11):2107-2120.]
[18]
Head K,Mayer T.Regional wage and employment responses to market potential in the EU[J].Regional Science and Urban Economics,2006,36(5):573-594.
[19]
岳希明,张曙光.我国服务业增加值的核算问题[J].经济研究,2002(12):51-59.[Yue Ximing,Zhang Shuguang.On estimation of value added of service sector in China[J].Economic Research Journal,2002(12):51-59.]
[14]
李国璋,戚磊.市场潜力,经济集聚与地区间工资差异[J].财经科学,2011(5):71-78.[Li Guozhang,Qi Lei.Market potential on economic cluster and inequality of regional wages[J].Finance&Economics,2011(5):71-78.]
[22]
李群峰.动态面板数据模型的GMM估计及其应用[J].统计与决策,2010(16):161-163.[Li Qunfeng.GMM estimation and application of dynamic panel data model[J].Statistics and Decision,2010(16):161-163.]
[19]
岳希明,张曙光.我国服务业增加值的核算问题[J].经济研究,2002(12):51-59.[Yue Ximing,Zhang Shuguang.On estimation of value added of service sector in China[J].Economic Research Journal,2002(12):51-59.]
[20]
许宪春.中国服务业核算及其存在的问题研究[J].经济研究,2004(3):20-27.[Xu Xianchun.A study on the measurement of service industry and related issues in China[J].Economic Research Journal,2004(3):20-27.]
[15]
姚先国,赖普清.中国劳资关系的城乡户籍差异[J].经济研究,2004(7):82-90.[Yao Xianguo,Lai Puqing.Urban-rural Huji differentials in Chinese labor relations[J].Economic Research Journal,2004(7):82-90.]
[23]
Brülhart M,Mathys N A.Sectoral agglomeration economies in a panel of European regions[J].Regional Science and Urban Economics,2008,38(4):348-362.
[20]
许宪春.中国服务业核算及其存在的问题研究[J].经济研究,2004(3):20-27.[Xu Xianchun.A study on the measurement of service industry and related issues in China[J].Economic Research Journal,2004(3):20-27.]
[21]
王开科,曾五一,王开泳.中国省域城镇工资水平的区域分异机制与空间效应[J].地理研究,2013,32(11):2107-2120.[Wang Kaike,Zeng Wuyi,Wang Kaiyong.Regional differentiation mechanism and spatial effects of the wage level among different provincial units in China[J].Geographical Research,2013,32(11):2107-2120.]
[16]
郭凤鸣,张世伟.教育和户籍歧视对城镇工和农民工工资差异的影响[J].农业经济问题,2011(6):35-42.[Guo Fengming,Zhang Shiwei.The effect of education discrimination and household discrimination on the wage differences between urban workers and migrant workers[J].Issues in Agricultural Economy,2011(6):35-42.]
[21]
王开科,曾五一,王开泳.中国省域城镇工资水平的区域分异机制与空间效应[J].地理研究,2013,32(11):2107-2120.[Wang Kaike,Zeng Wuyi,Wang Kaiyong.Regional differentiation mechanism and spatial effects of the wage level among different provincial units in China[J].Geographical Research,2013,32(11):2107-2120.]
[22]
李群峰.动态面板数据模型的GMM估计及其应用[J].统计与决策,2010(16):161-163.[Li Qunfeng.GMM estimation and application of dynamic panel data model[J].Statistics and Decision,2010(16):161-163.]
[17]
Harris C D.The market as a factor in the localization of industry in the United States[J].Annals of the Association of American Geographers,1954,44(4):315-348.
[22]
李群峰.动态面板数据模型的GMM估计及其应用[J].统计与决策,2010(16):161-163.[Li Qunfeng.GMM estimation and application of dynamic panel data model[J].Statistics and Decision,2010(16):161-163.]
[23]
Brülhart M,Mathys N A.Sectoral agglomeration economies in a panel of European regions[J].Regional Science and Urban Economics,2008,38(4):348-362.
[18]
Head K,Mayer T.Regional wage and employment responses to market potential in the EU[J].Regional Science and Urban Economics,2006,36(5):573-594.
[23]
Brülhart M,Mathys N A.Sectoral agglomeration economies in a panel of European regions[J].Regional Science and Urban Economics,2008,38(4):348-362.
