Abstract：Community satisfaction of tourism development is an important observation dimension for the sustainable development of rural tourism destinations, while the related research on the impact of satisfaction is usually carried out by the linear causal model, and the research on its complex relationship is insufficient. It deconstructed the perception of tourism sharing and its dimensions comprised of economy sharing, culture sharing, environment-facility sharing, politics sharing, and the sharing of development ideas. Asymmetrical fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) data analyses based on complexity theory were run to explore the role of demographic variables, tourism sharing perception, community belonging and quality of life in residents' tourism satisfaction. This study focused on residents in rural communities in Sichuan Province that are destinations for tourism, which selected the residents of the two rural destinations of Huili Community and Qinggangshu Village, which are known as"China's beautiful countryside", as the sample for empirical analysis. Based on a sample of 399 residents, the results proved the usefulness of the complexity theory in exploring complex phenomena. Combined with the demographic characteristics, the study explored a variety of configurations sufficient for simulation of high scores of residents' tourism satisfaction. Eighteen distinct sufficient configurations in the fsQCA consistently lead to high levels of tourism satisfaction, which shows that none of the antecedents is sufficient and four conditions including environment-facility sharing, culture sharing, the sharing of development ideas, and community attachment are all needed (but are not sufficient) to achieve high levels of SWB.
许娟, 程励. 复杂性视角下乡村旅游地居民旅游满意度研究[J]. 人文地理, 2020, 35(6): 149-160.
XU Juan, CHENG Li. A RESEARCH ON TOURISM SATISFACTION OF RESIDENTS IN RURAL DESTINATIONS BASED ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF COMPLEXITY. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 35(6): 149-160.
Yu C P, Cole S T, Chancellor C. Resident support for tourism development in rural midwestern (USA) communities:Perceived tourism impacts and community quality of life perspective[J]. Sustainability, 2018,10(3):1-17.
[2]
Murphy P E. Touirsm:A Community Approach[M]. London:Methuen, 1985:30-38.
[3]
Gursoy D, Rutherford D G. Host attitudes toward tourism:An improved structural model[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2004,31(3):495-516.
[4]
Wang X, Zhen F, Zhang J H, et al. Exploring factors influencing residents' satisfaction with tourism development in poverty-stricken areas:A case study of five poor villages in China[J]. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 2014,19(5):517-537.
[5]
Kim K, Uysal M, Sirgy M J. How does tourism in a community impact the quality of life of community residents?[J]. Tourism Management, 2013,36:527-540.
[6]
Woo E, Kim H, Uysal M. Life satisfaction and support for tourism development[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2015,50:84-97.
[7]
Látková P, Vogt C A. Residents' attitudes toward existing and future tourism development in rural communities[J]. Journal of Travel Research, 2012,51(1):50-67.
[8]
Zhang Y, Cole S T, Chancellor C H. Residents' preferences for involvement in tourism development and influences from individual profiles[J]. Tourism Planning and Development, 2013,10(3):267-284.
[9]
Xie H J, Bao J G, Kerstetter D L. Examining the effects of tourism impacts on satisfaction with tourism between native and non-native residents[J]. International Journal of Tourism Research, 2014,16(3):241-249.
[10]
Park D B, Nunkoo R, Yoon Y S. Rural residents' attitudes to tourism and the moderating effects of social capital[J]. Tourism Geographies, 2015,17(1):112-133.
[11]
Ngowi R E, Jani D. Residents' perception of tourism and their satisfaction:Evidence from Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania[J]. Development Southern Africa, 2018,35(6):731-742.
[12]
汪侠,吴小根,章锦河,等.贫困地区旅游开发居民满意度:差异及其成因——以桂林市的5个贫困村落为例[J].旅游科学,2011,25(3):49-60.[Wang Xia, Wu Xiaogen, Zhang Jinhe, et al. Difference and causal mechanism of resident satisfaction with tourism development in poverty-stricken areas:A case study of 5 poor villages in Guilin[J]. Tourism Science, 2011,25(3):49-60.]
[13]
Weaver D B, Lawton L J. Resident perceptions in the urban-rural fringe[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2001,28(2):439-458.
[14]
Fredline E, Faulkner B. Host community reactions:A cluster analysis[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2000,27(3):763-784.
[15]
Baggio R. Symptoms of complexity in a tourism system[J]. Tourism Analysis, 2007,13(1):1-20.
[16]
王凤彬,江鸿,王璁.央企集团管控架构的演进:战略决定、制度引致还是路径依赖?一项定性比较分析(QCA)尝试[J].管理世界, 2014(12):92-114.[Wang Fengbin, Jiang Hong, Wang Cong. The evolution of the control framework China's central SOEs:Is it strategy determined, institution driven, or dependence on the path? An attempt of a quality comparative analysis[J]. Management World, 2014(12):92-114.]
[17]
McCool S F, Martin S R. Community attachment and attitudes toward tourism development[J]. Journal of Travel Research, 1994, 32(3):29-34.
[18]
Sharpley R. Host perceptions of tourism:A review of the research[J]. Tourism Management, 2014,42:37-49.
[19]
Xu B, Zheng H C, Xu Y, et al. Configurational paths to sponsor satisfaction in crowdfunding[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2016, 69(2):915-927.
[20]
Woodside A G. Moving beyond multiple regression analysis to algorithms:Calling for adoption of a paradigm shift from symmetric to asymmetric thinking in data analysis and crafting theory[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2013,66(4):463-472.
[21]
Olya H G T, Altinay L. Asymmetric modeling of intention to purchase tourism weather insurance and loyalty[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2016,69(8):2791-2800.
[22]
Fiss P C. Building better causal theories:A fuzzy set approach to typologies in organization research[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2011,54(2):393-420.
[23]
Ragin C. Fuzzy-set Social Science[M]. Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 2000:1-20.
[24]
Wu P L, Yeh S S, Huan T C, et al. Applying complexity theory to deepen service dominant logic:Configural analysis of customer experience-and-outcome assessments of professional services for personal transformations[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2014,67(8):1647-1670.
[25]
Hoffmann M J, Riley J. The science of political science:Linearity or complexity in designing social inquiry[J]. New Political Science, 2002,24(2):303-320.
[26]
Pappas I O, Kourouthanassis P E, Giannakos M N, et al. Explaining online shopping behavior with fsQCA:The role of cognitive and affective perceptions[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2016,69(2):794-803.
[27]
Woodside A G. Embrace·perform·model:Complexity theory, contrarian case analysis, and multiple realities[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2014,67(12):2495-2503.
[28]
Olya H G T, Mehran J. Modelling tourism expenditure using complexity theory[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2017,75:147-158.
[29]
Pappas N, Papatheodorou A. Tourism and the refugee crisis in Greece:Perceptions and decision-making of accommodation providers[J]. Tourism Management, 2017,63:31-41.
[30]
Afonso C, Silva G M, Gonçalves H M, et al. The role of motivations and involvement in wine tourists' intention to return:SEM and fsQCA findings[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2018,89:313-321.
[31]
Elbaz A M, Haddoud M Y, Shehawy Y M. Nepotism, employees' competencies and firm performance in the tourism sector:A dual multivariate and Qualitative Comparative Analysis approach[J]. Tourism Management, 2018,67:3-16.
[32]
Olya H G T, Gavilyan Y. Configurational models to predict residents' support for tourism development[J]. Journal of Travel Research, 2017,56(7):893-912.
[33]
Belk R. You are what you can access:Sharing and collaborativeconsumption online[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2014,67(8):1595-1600.
[34]
Felson M, Spaeth J L. Community structure and collaborative consumption:A routine activity approach[J]. American Behavioral Scientist, 1978,21:614-624.
[35]
Möhlmann M. Collaborative consumption:Determinants of satisfaction and the likelihood of using a sharing economy option again[J]. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 2015,14(3):193-207.
[36]
尚前浪,陈刚.社会资本视角下民族地方乡规民约与旅游社区治理——基于泸沽湖落水村的案例分析[J].贵州社会科学, 2016,8:44-49.[Shang Qianlang, Chen Gang. Local ethnic rules and regulations and tourism community governance from the perspective of social capital:A case study based on Luoshui Village in Lugu Lake[J]. Social Sciences in Guizhou, 2016,8:44-49.
[37]
Skinner H, Soomers P. Spiritual tourism on the island of Corfu:Positive impacts of niche tourism versus the challenges of contested space[J]. International Journal of Tourism Anthropology, 2019,7(1):21-39.
Swemmer L, Grant R, Annecke W, et al. Toward more effective benefit sharing in South African national parks[J]. Society & Natural Resources, 2015,28(1):4-20.
[40]
Dyer P, Gursoy D, Sharma B, et al. Structural modeling of resident perceptions of tourism and associated development on the sunshine coast, Australia[J]. Tourism Management, 2007,28(2):409-422.
[41]
Nunkoo R, Ramkissoon H. Developing a community support model for tourism[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2011,38(3):964-988.
[42]
Andereck K L, Nyaupane G P. Exploring the nature of tourism and quality of life perceptions among residents[J]. Journal of Travel Research, 2011,50(3):248-260.
[43]
Nunkoo R, Ramkissoon H. Power, trust, social exchange and community support[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2012,39(2):997-1023.
[44]
Stronza A, Gordillo J. Community views of ecotourism[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2008,35(2):448-468.
[45]
Lee C K, Kang S K, Long P, et al. Residents' perceptions of casino impacts:A comparative study[J]. Tourism Management, 2010,31(2):189-201.
[46]
Liu J, Var T. Residential attitudes toward tourism impact in Hawaii[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 1986,13(2):193-214.
[47]
Grybovych O, Hafermann D. Sustainable practices of community tourism planning:Lessons from a remote community[J]. Community Development, 2010,41(3):354-369.
[48]
Murray B A, Kline C. Rural tourism and the craft beer experience:Factors influencing brand loyalty in rural North Carolina, USA[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2015,23(8):1-19.
[49]
Ying T, Jiang J, Zhou Y. Networks, citizenship behaviors and destination effectiveness:A comparative study of two Chinese rural tourism destinations[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2015,23:1318-1340.
[50]
Saufi A, O' Brien D, Wilkins H. Inhibitors to host community participation in sustainable tourism development in developing countries[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2013,22(5):801-820.
[51]
Tosun C. Limits to community participation in the tourism development process in developing countries[J]. Tourism Management, 2000,21(6):613-633.
[52]
Eshliki S A, Kaboudi M. Community perception of tourism impacts and their participation in tourism planning:A case study of Ramsar, Iran[J]. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2012,36:333-341.
[53]
夏正智.空心村现象的成因及治理对策[J].农业经济,2016(5):9-11.[Xia Zhengzhi. Causes and countermeasures of hollow village phenomenon[J]. Journal of Agricultural Economic, 2016(5):9-11.]
[54]
姜绍静,罗泮.空心村问题研究进展与成果综述[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(6):51-58.[Jiang Shaojing, Luo Pan. A review of the research progress and achievements of hollow villages[J]. Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment, 2014,24(6):51-58.]
[55]
Goudy W J. Community attachment in rural region[J]. Rural Sociology, 1990,55(2):178-198.
[56]
Stinner W F, Loon M V, Chung S W, et al. Community size, individual social position, and community attachment[J]. Rural Sociology, 1990,55(4):494-521.
[57]
路幸福,陆林.乡村旅游发展的居民社区参与影响因素研究[J].资源开发与市场,2011,27(11):1054-1056.[Lu Xingfu, Lu Lin. Research on the influencing factors of residents' community participation in rural tourism development[J]. Resource Development & Market, 2011,27(11):1054-1056.]
[58]
Ap J. Residents' perceptions on tourism impacts[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 1992,19(4):665-690.
[59]
Lankford S V, Howard D R. Developing a tourism attitude impact scale[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 1994,21(1):121-139.
[60]
Andereck K L, Valentine K M, Vogt C A, et al. A cross-cultural analysis of tourism and quality of life perceptions[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2007,15(5):483-502.
[61]
Uysal M, Sirgy M J, Woo E, et al. Quality of life (QOL) and wellbeing research in tourism[J]. Tourism Management, 2016,53:244-261.
[62]
Sirgy M J, Rahtz D R, Cicic M, et al. A method for assessing residents' satisfaction with community-based services:A quality-of-life perspective[J]. Social Indicators Research, 2000,49(3):279-316.
[63]
Sirgy M J, Cornwell T. Further validation of the Sirgy et al.'s measure of community quality of life[J]. Social Indicators Research, 2001,56(2):125-143.
[64]
Woo E, Uysal M, Sirgy J. Tourism impact and stakeholders' quality of life[J]. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 2018,42(2):260-280.
[65]
Yu H K, Huang M C, Huarng K H. Causal complexity of economic development by energy consumption[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2016,69(6):2271-2276.
[66]
Fornell C, Larcker D F. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error[J]. Journal of Marketing Research, 1981,18(1):39-50.
[67]
Browne M W, Cudeck R. Alternative ways of assessing model Fit[J]. Sociological Methods & Research, 1992,21(2):230-258.
[68]
Andereck K L, Valentine K M, Knopf R C, et al. Residents' perceptions of community tourism impacts[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2005,32(4):1056-1076.
[69]
Ap J, Crompton J L. Developing and testing a tourism impact scale[J]. Journal of Travel Research, 1998,11(37):120-130.
[70]
Nunkoo R, Ramkissoon H. Modeling community support for a proposed integrated resort project[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2010,18(2):257-277.
[71]
Stylidis D. Residents' place image:A cluster analysis and its links to place attachment and support for tourism[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2018,2:1-20.
[72]
Park K, Lee J, Lee T J. Residents' attitudes toward future tourism development in terms of community well-being and attachment[J]. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 2017,22(2):160-172.
[73]
Goodwin, Harold. Local community involvement in tourism around national parks:Opportunities and constraints[J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 2002,5(3):338-360.
[74]
Andereck K, Jurowski C. Tourism and quality of life[M]//Jennings G, Nickerson N. Quality Tourism Experiences. Oxford:Elsevier, 2006:36-154.
[75]
Bricker K S, Daniels M J, Carmichael B A. Quality tourism development and planning[M]//Jennings G, Nickerson N. Quality Tourism Experiences. Oxford:Elsevier, 2006:171-191.
[76]
Diener E, Emmons R A, Larsen R J, et al. The satisfaction with life scale[J]. Journal of Personality Assessment, 1985,49(1):71-75.
[77]
Oliver R L. A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions[J]. Journal of Marketing Research, 1980,17(4):460-469.
[78]
Huppertz J W, Arenson S J, Evans R H. An application of equity theory to buyer-seller exchange situations[J]. Journal of Marketing Research, 1978,15(2):250-260.
[79]
Ragin C C. Redesigning Social Inquiry[M]. Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 2008:44-70.
[80]
Butler R W. Niche tourism (birdwatching) and its impacts on the well-being of a remote island and its residents[J]. International Journal of Tourism Anthropology, 2019,7(1):5-20.
[81]
Rasoolimanesh S M, Jaafar M, Barghi R. Effects of motivation, knowledge and perceived power on residents' perceptions:Application of Weber's theory in world heritage site destinations[J]. International Journal of Tourism Research, 2017,19(1):68-79.
