对农户打工距离和区位的研究是认识农民工流动空间规律的基础。通过对河南省三个不同类型样本村的实证研究,发现打工距离整体分散、局部集中,打工人数随距离的变化呈"U"型分布,打工者在打工目的地的分布上具有群聚特征。影响农户打工距离选择的主要因素是年龄、家庭类型、家庭代数、上学人数和关系网络因子。年龄较大者、家庭类型较简单者、家庭代数较多者、上学人数较多者和关系网络较少者,选择在本地打工的概率较大,反之亦然。

Employment distance is an important content of employment location. The study on employment distance of farm household is the basis of understanding space rule of farmer employees. Through the case study on three example villages in Henan province, authors of this paper find that the employment distance is scattered overall and clustered partly. The overall decentralization shows that the distribution of the employment places has the property of multiplicity, and the partial concentration shows that the farmer employees choose the employment places in cluster manner. Against the background of modern communication and transportation, distance has complex significance on migrant number. Migrants always concentrate in some cities with more developed manufacture industry. The number of migrants is not always the case in which it decreases with the increase of distance. The physical cost of migration has been the subordinate factor on migration distance. The distance factor isn't as important as economic factor. The proportion of employees shows the pattern of "U" with the change of employment distance. The employees concentrate in some employment places. The factors affecting employment outside one's hometown include personal character, family situation and community condition. The method of Binary Logistic Regression is used to analyze the factors for choice of employment distance. The paper holds that main factors influencing employment distance are age, family type, the generations in a family, the number of students and relation network. Generally, the farmer employees choose employment location by taking all the factors of personal character, family situation and community condition into consideration comprehensively. Among these factors, reducing the cost of family management and avoiding the migration risk are the key factors to be considered. So, the government should attach importance to the development of social security and socialized service industry, regulate the market running reduce migration risk to facilitate the rational flow of farmer employees. Taking typical rural areas of Central China as study samples, the authors reveal the general law of employment distance and its influence factors. The conclusion has certain universality, but whether it could be used into larger scope and other areas needs further research.