本研究采用全国城乡最低生活保障数据（2008和2013年），基于划分的中心城区和外围县市共2839个空间单元，探讨中国城市贫困空间的新格局，并构建多层回归模型分析贫困影响因素。2013年，以区县为单元的贫困分布自东往西递增，呈现"中心-外围"格局。2008-2013年，全国层面的中心城区贫困集聚度有所下降，外围县市有所上升；区域层面的"中心-外围"贫困增长东西分异，东部大城市的中心贫困增长率普遍高于外围，而西部大城市则相反。模型显示，劳动力市场是影响中心城区贫困的主要因素，而外围县市的贫困则与经济发展水平密切相关。本研究对于中国的贫困地理研究具有理论意义，为"精准扶贫"政策的实施提供城乡统筹的实践依据。
Abstract
Under economic-social transition, there is a new spatial pattern of poverty in China recently. Based on the MLSP (Minimum Living Standard Program) recipients' data, this paper aims to explore the changing geographical distribution and differentiation of poverty in Chinese cities between 2008 and 2013. Based on 336 administrative units of prefecture level city and above, it defines two area types of central-city and outersuburb, total numbers of which are 2839 spatial units. Of particular concern in this study is the relative differentiation in poverty distribution between central-city and outer-suburb. Furthermore, a hierarchical linear model (HLM) is developed to explore the driving forces of poverty concentration in China. The results indicate that the poverty rate in outer-suburb is much higher than in central-city. Furthermore, the gradient of poverty rate increases from east to west and decreases as urban size increases. In national level, concentration of poverty has increased in outer suburb in the past five years which is opposite to central-city. In regional level, core-periphery structure of poverty distribution is significantly different between eastern and western China. The growth rate of poverty in central-city is higher than in outer-suburb for some eastern big cities, which is opposite to most of western big cities. In city level, there has been a relative increase in poverty concentration in central-city for eastern big cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. The model results show that the increase in poverty concentration in central-city is mainly linked to the change of labor market, while the poverty concentration in outer-suburb is more related to the economic development and strength of the city.
关键词
贫困 /
&ldquo /
中心-外围&rdquo /
格局 /
中心城区 /
外围县市
Key words
poverty /
geographical pattern of central-city and outer-suburb /
central-city /
outer-suburb
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基金
国家自然科学基金项目（51678577，41501170）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目（15lgjc38）
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