RESEARCH ON SPATIAL JUSTICE AND PRO-POOR TOURISM FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY: THE CASE STUDY OF THE COMMUNITY IN SHIBING KARST WORLD HERITAGE SITE IN GUIZHOU PROVINCE
ZHUANG Shu-rong1,2, DU Fang-juan1,2, YE Shi-an1,2
1. School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China;
2. State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang 550001, China
Abstract：In the poor areas rich in tourism resources, pro-poor tourism often becomes the main tool to develop the local economy. While increasing income and employment, there are also some problems such as spatial difference in income, unfair economic distribution and gender division of labor. Previous studies have focused on the interests of the subjects rather than discussing the expression and process of social contradictions from the nature of spatiality. The exploration of the effects of tourism poverty alleviation lacks the spatial dimension, specially from the perspective of multidimensional poverty (including economic poverty, ability poverty and right poverty). This study takes Pailouchong, the gate community of Shibing Karst World Heritage Site as an example to explore pro-poor tourism and spatial justice by in-depth interview from the perspective of multidimensional poverty. The findings show that there are three kinds of effects:residents' incomes have increased but not balanced, they can participate in tourism but the opportunity is unequal, and their tourism service skills have improved but participation abilities is insufficient.
庄淑蓉, 杜芳娟, 叶仕安. 多维贫困视角下的旅游扶贫与空间正义研究——以贵州施秉喀斯特世界遗产地社区为例[J]. 人文地理, 2020, 35(2): 32-38.
ZHUANG Shu-rong, DU Fang-juan, YE Shi-an. RESEARCH ON SPATIAL JUSTICE AND PRO-POOR TOURISM FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY: THE CASE STUDY OF THE COMMUNITY IN SHIBING KARST WORLD HERITAGE SITE IN GUIZHOU PROVINCE. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 35(2): 32-38.
Ashworth G. Tourism promotion and power, creating images, creating identities[J]. Tourism Management, 2001,22(2):205-206.
[2]
Walton J K, Durie A J. Scotland for the holidays:Tourism in Scotland, 1780-1939[J]. Albion A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies, 2005,36(2):380.
[3]
Nunkoo R, Ramkissoon H. Tourism and inequality:Problems and prospects[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2011,38(3):1193-1195.
[4]
Dotson K, Whyte K. Environmental justice, unknowability and unqualified affectability[J]. Ethics and the Environment, 2013,18(2):55-79.
[5]
Neimanis A, Castleden H, Rainham D. Examining the place of ecological integrity in environmental justice:A systematic review[J]. Local Environ, 2012,17(3):349-367.
[6]
Harrison D. Tourism, Capitalism and Development in Less Developed Countries[M]. London:Routledge, 1994:232-257.
[7]
Lanfant M F, Allcock J B, Bruner E M. International Tourism:Identity and Change[M]. London:Sage Publications Ltd, 1995:24-40.
[8]
Chok S, Macbeth J, Warren C, et al. Tourism as a tool for poverty alleviation:A critical analysis of ‘pro-poor tourism’ and implications for sustainability[J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 2007,10(2/3):144-165.
[9]
UNWTO-SNV. Manual on Tourism and Poverty Alleviation:Practical Steps for Destinations[Z]. Madrid:UNWTO-SNV, 2010.
[10]
Muganda M, Sahli M, Smith K A, et al. Tourism's contribution to poverty alleviation:A community perspective from Tanzania[J]. Development Southern Africa, 2010,27(5):629-646.
[11]
Meyer D. Pro-poor tourism:From leakages to linkages[J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 2007,10(6):558-583.
[12]
King R, Dinkoksung S, Brouder P. Ban Pa-Ao, pro-poor tourism and uneven development[J]. Tourism Geographies, 2014,16(4):687-703.
[13]
Tucker H, Boonabaana B. A critical analysis of tourism, gender and poverty reduction[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2012,20(3):437-455.
[14]
罗鲜荣,王玉强,保继刚.旅游减贫与旅游再贫困:旅游发展中不同土地利用方式对贫困人口的影响[J].人文地理,2017,32(4):121-128.[Luo Xianrong, Wang Yuqiang, Bao Jigang. Tourism reducing poverty and tourism re-impoverishment:Examining the impacts of different land uses in tourism on the poor[J]. Human Geography, 2017,32(4):121-128.]
[15]
Schilcher D. Growth versus equity:The continuum of pro-poor tourism and neoliberal governance[J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 2007,10(2/3):166-193.
[16]
Pillay M, Rogerson C M. Agriculture-tourism linkages and propoor impacts:The accommodation sector of urban coastal KwaZu-lu-Natal, South Africa[J]. Applied Geography, 2013,36(1):49-58.
[17]
Mbaiwa J E. Changes on traditional livelihood activities and lifestyles caused by tourism development in the Okavango Delta, Botswana[J]. Tourism Management, 2011,32(5):1050-1060.
[18]
Gascón J. Pro-poor tourism as a strategy to fight rural poverty:A critique[J]. Journal of Agrarian Change, 2015,15(4):499-518.
[19]
徐庆颖,陶卓民,李涛,等.中国旅游扶贫研究评述[J].南京师大学报(自然科学版),2017,40(3):151-158.[Xu Qingying, Tao Zhuoming, Li Tao, et al. Review on China's tourism poverty alleviation research[J]. Journal of Nanjing Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2017,40(3):151-158.]
[20]
Scheyvens R, Russell M. Tourism and poverty alleviation in Fiji:Comparing the impacts of small- and large-scale tourism enterprises[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2012,20(3):417-436.
[21]
阿马蒂亚·森著.以自由看待发展[M].任颐,于真,译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2013:85-103.[Amartya Sen. Development as Freedom[M]. Ren Yi, Yu Zhen, trans. Beijing:China Renmin University Press, 2013:85-103.]
[22]
郭熙保,罗知.论贫困概念的演进[J].江西社会科学,2005(11):38-43.[Guo Xibao, Luo Zhi. The evolution of the concept of poverty[J]. Jiangxi Social Sciences, 2005(11):38-43.]
[23]
乌德亚·瓦格尔.贫困再思考:定义和衡量[J].刘亚秋,译.国际社会科学杂志(中文版),2003(1):146-155.[Udaya Wagle. Poverty rethinking:Definition and measurement[J]. Liu Yaqiu, trans. International Social Science Journal (Chinese Version), 2003(1):146-155.]
[24]
李益敏,蒋睿.怒江大峡谷旅游扶贫研究[J].人文地理,2010,25(6):131-134.[Li Yimin, Jiang Rui. A research on poverty reduction through the development of tourism in Nujiang grand canyon[J]. Human Geography, 2010,25(6):131-134.]
李会琴,侯林春,杨树旺,等.国外旅游扶贫研究进展[J].人文地理, 2015,30(1):26-32.[Li Huiqin, Hou Linchun, Yang Shuwang, et al. Review of overseas research on pro-poor tourism[J]. Human Geography, 2015,30(1):26-32.]
[27]
Harrison D, Brown F, Hall D. Pro-poor tourism:A critique[J]. Third World Quarterly, 2008,29(5):851-868.
[28]
Muganda M, Sahli M, Smith K A. Tourism's contribution to poverty alleviation:A community perspective from Tanzania[J]. Development Southern Africa, 2010,27(5):629-646.
[29]
Harvey D. Social Justice and the City[M]. Oxford:Blackwell, 1973:96-118.
[30]
Rawls J. A Theory of Justice[M]. Cambridge MA:Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1971:52-56.
[31]
Lefebvre H. The Production of Space[M]. Oxford:Blackwell, 1991:62,405-407.
[32]
Soja E. Seeking Spatial Justice[M]. Minnesota:The University of Minnesota Press, 2010:68-110.
[33]
曹诗图.旅游开发的正义反思与求索[J].旅游学刊,2017,32(4):6-8.[Cao Shitu. The introspection and research of justice about the development of tourism[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2017,32(4):6-8.]
[34]
Harvey D. Justice, Nature, and the Geography of Difference[M]. Oxford:Blackwell, 1996:329-365.
[35]
王维艳.乡村旅游地的空间再生产权能及其空间正义实现路径——地役权视角下的多案例透析[J].人文地理,2018,33(5):152-160.[Wan Weiyan. The approach to realize space reproduction power and space justice for rural tourist areas:Deep analysis on multipis cases from the perspective of easement[J]. Human Geography, 2018,33(5):152-160.]
[36]
Iris M Young. Justic and the Politics of Differences[M]. Princeton:Princeton University Press, 1990:39-66.
[37]
代兰海,薛东前,宋永永,等.西安新城市贫困空间固化及其治理研究——基于空间正义视角[J].人文地理,2019,34(2):72-79.[Dai Lanhai, Xue Dongqian, Song Yongyong, et al. Research on the spatial stabilization and its governance of Xi'an new urban poverty:From the perspective of spatial justice[J]. Human Geography, 2019, 34(2):72-79.]
[38]
Roy A. Territories of poverty:Rethinking north and south[J]. Territorio, 2014,68:50-56.
[39]
Emil Israel, Amnon Frenkel. Social justice and spatial inequality:Toward a conceptual framework[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 2017,42(5):1-19.
[40]
郭文,王丽.文化遗产旅游地的空间生产与认同研究——以无锡惠山古镇为例[J].地理科学,2015,35(6):708-716.[Guo Wen, Wang Li. The production of space and identity in cultural heritage tourism destination:A case study of Huishan ancient town in Wuxi, China[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2015,35(6):708-716.]
[41]
黄爱莲.空间正义与中越跨境旅游合作[J].旅游学刊,2017,32(4):5-6.[Huang Ailian. Space justice and tourism cooperation in China Vietnam cross-border[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2017,32(4):5-6.]
[42]
李创新.超越旅游空间正义争辩的反省与反击[J].旅游学刊,2017, 32(3):9-10.[Li Chuangxin. The introspection and discussion beyond the argument about tourism spatial justice[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2017,32(3):9-10.]
[43]
叶超.在路上:旅游与哲学关系的思考[J].旅游学刊,2017,32(11):3-5.[Ye Chao. On the road:Reflections on the relationship between tourism and philosophy[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2017,32(11):3-5.]
[44]
郭文.差异地理之旅游塑造与空间生产权能[J].旅游学刊,2017,32(3):1-4.[Guo Wen. Tourism shaping and spatial production power of differential geography[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2017,32(3):1-4.]
[45]
Bwalya-Umar B, Mubanga K H. Do locals benefit from being in the ‘tourist capital’? Views from Livingstone, Zambia[J]. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 2018,18(3):333-345.
[46]
Jamal T, Camargo B A. Sustainable tourism, justice and an ethic of care:Toward the just destination[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2014,22(1):11-30.
[47]
Tumusiime D M, Sjaastad E. Conservation and development:Justice, inequality, and attitudes around Bwindi impenetrable National Park[J]. The Journal of Development Studies, 2014,50(2):204-225.
