这项研究的目的是认识地理实在的并协和泛协这两个原理,给出了这两个概念的内涵,讨论了两者在"人地关系"解释中的意义。并协是指相反的而有相互依赖的关系。泛协是指非优势关联或无界介入关系。通过对客观实在的理论解释模型(包括引力模型、量子论模型和系统论模型)的讨论,引伸出了地理学的泛协概念,分析了并协和泛协的关系。引力论的地理学意义是建立地理变量和空间的确定性关系;量子论的地理学意义是揭示地理实在构成中的研究者时空背景的作用,用并协表达实在的关系;系统论的地理学意义是肯定事物之间的时空差异在整体的变化中弱化,而共性则强化。这三论都包含一定的优势作用,系统论中的"学习"是较自觉的优势强化过程。针对现实的地理实在的表现,我们提出了非优势关联的原理即泛协原理,实证性地分析了地理环境和人地关系中地理事实的并协性和泛协性,认为两者统一于地理实在之中。并协性表现观测者的优势作用,而泛协性强调非优势关联。地理事件的泛协性将从根本上导致"环境决定论"的破产。

This article discusses complementarity and non-prevalence relation in geographical substance, and their intention, as well as significance in man-land relationship. Complementarity is to oppose each other and yet also depend on each other. Non-prevalence relation is unlimited to each other. The author gives out geographical concept as non-prevalance relation, analyses relationships between complementarity and non-prevalence relation, on the basis of discussing about theories of substance (gravitation theory, quantum theory, and system theory). Geographical significance of Gravitation theory is a building of definite relationships on geographical variable and space. Geographical significance of quantum theory is a study of function of research worker's space-time background to constitute the geographical substance, and to use the complementarity to express relationships of substance. Geographical significance of system theory is a study of both the decline of space-time difference and the growth of the generality as a whole.Three theories contain the function with prevalence."Study" in system theory is the process that conscientiously strengthen prevalence. In view of geographical substance situation, we raise the concept that is non-prevalance relation.Complementarety and nonprevalance relation in geographical facts be analysed in geographical environments and man-land relationship, both are unified.The complementarity emerges observer's preponderance, and the nonprevalence relation emerges that both prevalence and non-one have influence, because it's certain and the uncertain nature.The non-prevalence relation of geog raphical affair causes ultimately the defeat of the determinism.