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Current Issue

	2021 Vol.36 Issue.4,Published 2021-08-15

	THEORY DEVELOPMENT SOCIETY CULTURE ECONOMY CITY RURAL TOURISM FEMINIST GEOGRAPHY COLUMN TRANSPORTATION

THEORY DEVELOPMENT

	1	EXPLORING A RESEARCH APPROACH FOR SENSE OF PLACE: A METHOD OF MIND-IMAGE-MOTION
		HUANG Xu
		Through multiple theoretical considerations, this paper argues that there are three pairs of contradictions between different schools of thought in the study of sense of place:The contradiction between mobility and locality, the contradiction between ephemerality and immediacy, and the contradiction between individual experience and collective consciousness. In order to reconcile these three pairs of contradictions, this paper explores a new research approach, namely, the mind-image motion of sense of place, which mainly includes the following:The concept of mind-image and mind-image-motion; the epistemology of mind-imagemotion; and the research method of mind-image-motion. First, mind-image is a mapping of consciousness that connects feelings and cognition, and the new research approach understands sense of place as an intentional flow of mind images that leads to phenomenal experiences, knowledge representations, and memories of place. Second, the analogy and multidimensional structure that human consciousness has makes the flow of mind-image-motion possible. The new approach proposes a boat-anchor metaphor for the sense of place that can help understand the mechanism and process of mind-image-motion. The sense of place can be seen as a boat anchor, while the boat represents the individual's life trajectory, and the water symbolizes the flow of human consciousness. Finally, the new research method designs an experiment on "augmented dérive method" for sense of place. A drift map was generated via a smartphone app in a real city scenario. Following a randomly generated route, participants were asked to wander through the city. By experiencing the city as an unknown space, participants also redefined the urban landscape and its sense of place with new meanings and experiences. Through these theoretical explorations, this paper expects to propose a new approach for the study of sense of place, which will provide policy reference for the community governance of urban government and enhance the sense of belonging of residents.
		2021 Vol. 36 (4): 1-8,20 [Abstract] ( 141 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5924KB] ( 1272 )

	9	LITERATURE REVIEW ON WESTERN MORAL GEOGRAPHY STUDIES: A CONTRAST BASED ON CITESPACE AND MANUAL RETRIEVAL
		ZHU Xuan, SU Ti-ya
		This paper provides a systematic review on Western moral geography research. The review is started by applying CiteSpace software to conduct literature cocitation analysis and keyword copresentation analysis for literature searched in the Web of Science database. Analysis of the results reveals that care, ethics, morality, and responsibility are the main topics in the high centrality literature and high citation bursts literature; sociology, economics, and political science are integrated into research of moral geography, discussing issues of ‘care and responsibility at a distance’, ‘moral economy and moral consumption’, and ‘inequality and rights in local politics’. The review is followed by manual retrieval and snowball readings from the references of high centrality and high citation bursts literature. Manual retrieval and snowball readings implies that the classical theories proposed by Sack, an eminent scholar specializing on early moral geography, have not been highly cited for two reasons:1) his articles are highly abstract and obscure, which made it very hard to understand, and 2) he attempts to make universal moral criteria for any place, restraining the empirical studies to follow as they would be easily accused of leaving the "politically correct" track.
		2021 Vol. 36 (4): 9-20 [Abstract] ( 157 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 7896KB] ( 1422 )

	21	REVIEW AND PROSPECT OF TOURISM FOOD WASTE RESEARCH
		Sun Jiao-jiao, Zhu Hong
		The food waste in tourism is an important area of the food waste in China, which is rooted in the unique non-daily and anti-structural characteristics of tourism activities. However, most of the studies on tourism food still focus on resource development and consumption promotion, while the research on food waste is in the initial stage of description. This paper reviews the literature on tourism food waste at home and abroad. 1) It analyzes the general characteristics, conceptual basis and content of tourism food waste research at home and abroad, and points out that the research on tourism food waste in China mainly focuses on the measurement and behavior analysis on the consumer side. 2) It analyzes the tourism food waste from the perspective of consumer culture and tourism experience from the unique nature of tourism food experience. 3) It combs the theories that help to solve the problem of food waste in tourism. From the perspective of tourism consumption culture, it explores the paths from food resource consumption to environmental comprehensive consumption, the promotion of comprehensive value to reduce resource cost, and the promotion of cognition and emotion based on the whole value chain to reduce waste. 4) Finally, the study puts forward a reference framework for the future research on solving the problem of food waste in tourism, and puts forward issues and corresponding methods from the focus, concept, object and field.
		2021 Vol. 36 (4): 21-28,184 [Abstract] ( 334 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5907KB] ( 1077 )

	29	DEVELOPMENT HISTORY AND KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF JAPANESE GEOGRAPHY: REVIEW AND PROSPECT
		CHEN Lin, LIU Yun-gang
		By reviewing the development history and knowledge production characteristics of Japanese geography, this paper aims to discuss how it deals with the relationship between theory and practice, academic and application, to provide implications for the further development of Chinese geography. The development of Japanese geography was initially influenced by Germany, and after World War II the influence of the United States increased. Based on the synthesis of systematic geography and regional geography, it has formed its research framework of regional geography. It mainly focuses on using the methods of systematic geography in the setting of research problems, on the overall understanding of the region in the empirical evidence of research problems by relying on fieldwork, new technologies, and methods. The good division of academic production among Japanese geographers and the university evaluation system has promoted the integration of regional geography and systematic geography, with young scholars to engage in researches based on field works and mid-career geographers, more emphasis is placed on the formation of original academic theoretical systems and the intergenerational transmission of geographic knowledge. While the production of knowledge in Japanese geography is mainly based on scientific exploration and basic research to satisfy human curiosity, in recent years the production of applied knowledge in geography has made significant progress in the areas of disaster and regional development applications through the joint efforts of the Geographical Society and geographers.
		2021 Vol. 36 (4): 29-36 [Abstract] ( 138 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2109KB] ( 2036 )

	37	ANALYSIS ON THE STATUS QUO AND HOT SPOTS OF CHINA'S URBANIZATION QUALITY
		XIONG Xi, YAN Tiao-tiao, DUAN Yi-jia, XIAO Jun
		Using CiteSpace visualization software and quantitative visualization analysis methods, to analyze the literature on "urbanization quality" in the CSSCI journals included in CNKI (1999-2019), and analyze the number of articles published in the field of urbanization quality research in the past 20 years, the author sorted out the research hotspots of research institutions and their cooperative relations and urbanization quality. The research results show that:1) From the perspective of the number of articles, the research results on the quality of urbanization have been continuously enriched since the 21st century, and the number of documents has been increasing, but the cooperation between authors and research institutions is weak; 2) About the quality of urbanization The research has gone through the slow development stage from 1999 to 2012, the rapid growth stage of urbanization quality from 2013 to 2014, and the steady development stage from 2015 to 2019; 3) The research hotspots mainly focus on new urbanization roads, research on the coordination of urbanization quality and other factors, research on population urbanization and land urbanization, etc.; in addition, using CiteSpace to understand and describe the hot issues and processes of Chinese urbanization research may ignore the views of some schools or scholars, and some scholars may not count the papers and works written in foreign journals. At the same time, the article summarizes the research results of this article in terms of research content, research objects, research methods and research trends.
		2021 Vol. 36 (4): 37-43 [Abstract] ( 133 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4657KB] ( 1071 )

FEMINIST GEOGRAPHY COLUMN

	44	GENDER GEOGRAPHIES OF URBAN MODERNITY: THE PREHISTORY AND THE FUTURE DIRECTION OF FEMINIST GEOGRAPHIES
		LI Lei-lei
		This paper concerns the gendered geographies from the perspective of the historical-geographical materialism, situated in the great transformation of Paris in 19c under the creative destruction of Haussmann. Exploring the relationship between the production of space by the power-subject and the gendered places related to women, gender, class, etc. in either private/family space, urban public space, or liminal space such as Arcade Passage in Paris, the author attempts to figure out the connection of this prehistory of 19c to the whole geneology of feminist geography launched in 1970s and its future research direction. The study holds that:1) The creative destruction of Haussmann to Paris, based on the enlightenment rationality and the masculinity of modernist urban planning, divided the urban space of Paris into a dual structure consisting of the urban core and the suburban edge, thus realizing the spatial segregation between the bourgeoisie and the working class, and constructing the internal differentiation of women fractioned by their class status. 2) The development of industrialization and urbanization of Paris had strengthened the spatial division between the family sphere and the public sphere, as well as the establishment of family gender regime under the traditional patriarchy highlighting the biological sex essentialism and regarding women only as the maternal role in family. 3) The internal contradiction of urban modernity produced the third kind of gender geography in liminal space different from the spaces of Paris with "two kinds of spaces and classes in one city". 4) Although this paper discusses the gender geographies of urban modernity occurred about two hundred years ago, this "obsolete" research is still very "contemporary" connecting the pre-modern, the modern, the postmodern, and even our 21st century future.
		2021 Vol. 36 (4): 44-52 [Abstract] ( 153 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1574KB] ( 2254 )

	53	PROGRESS OF FEMINIST GEOGRAPHY IN CHINESE MAINLAND
		WANG Hui, XU Hong-gang
		The subject of Feminist geography mainly focuses on the interaction and reconstruction between female and space and place. The development of western feminist geography originates from the 1970s, whereas the relevant research in China is relatively lack. In current, China's society is in a period of transition and the local context has its particularity. Through keywords search and thematic analysis method, this paper divides the domestic research literatures of feminist geography into six sections:female and urban-rural spaces, female and employment space, female and family space, female talents and geography, female and literary space, female and tourism space. First of all, in terms of women and urban and rural areas, gender roles and urban space are mutually constructed. Women present corresponding spatial characteristics with different development stages of society, meanwhile, they reconstruct urban space through their initiative. Secondly, in the matter of female and employment space, women are confronted with gender segregation compared with their male counterparts. In the meantime, there are internal differences among women group. Thirdly, the improvement of females' education background leads to the rise of women's academic status and the spatial distribution of female talents is mainly in the eastern coastal areas. However, they still cannot get rid of the traditional gender norms. Fourthly, in terms of women and family space, the value of housework done by women is neglected and the scope of outside is family-centered. Fifthly, in terms of women and literary geography, the description of women's space in literary works reflects ideal female images, while women in film and television works are still in a state of "aphasia".
		2021 Vol. 36 (4): 53-60,158 [Abstract] ( 165 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1424KB] ( 2513 )

	61	FROM OFFSITE SPACE TO HETEROGENEOUS SPACE: THE SELF-CONSTRUCTION OF THE POST-90S FEMALE TRAVELLER' S BODY
		HAO Xiao-fei, CHEN Han-hui
		The body in different spaces is a hot topic in human geography, and tourism as a leisure activity provides specific contexts for the body and its practices. Along with the iteration of Internet technology, tourists can be "in" the geographical physical space and digital virtual space. Focusing on female travelers who share travel photos in different social media, this study analyzes how they use their bodies for self-construction in travel contexts, involving both offsite spaces-photos of the included body taken by travelers in other places of travel-and heterogeneous spaces-the included body photos shared by the tourist in the virtual space of social media. Considering that the case population needs to have the habit and skill of sharing travel photos on social media, this paper takes post-90s women as the research object and focuses on the following research questions:What kind of self-construction do post-90s women perform through their bodies in the travel heterogeneous space? What role do their bodies play in the travel context? How do their travel photos construct their bodies in the virtual heterogeneous space of social media? Using in-depth interview method and grounded theory analysis of the interview texts, 16 categories, 7 main categories and 1 core category are extracted through open coding, main axis coding and selective coding. The study found that:1) Women "awaken" their bodies in order to break free from the constraints and break away from the everyday; 2) although the post-90s women are gradually evoking their bodies' self-awareness and breaking the "commodification" and "mythologization" of women's bodies under the influence of consumerism, their bodies are still oppressed by daily aesthetic standards and the surveillance of the other to a certain extent.
		2021 Vol. 36 (4): 61-71,79 [Abstract] ( 169 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3067KB] ( 1443 )

	72	DOING GENDER OR UNDOING GENDER? GENDER CONSTRUCTION AND SPATIAL INTERACTION OF FEMALE PROFESSIONALS IN HOTELS
		LIU Ting-ting, LIU Wei-wei, LI Mi-mi
		Grounded on the theoretical strands of doing gender and feminist geography, this study investigates the gendering process of female hotel professionals at their home sphere and workspace. Doing and undoing gender of female labor highly depends on the interplay between social fields and the stage of career. First, entry-level female staff in the hotel believe that how to properly doing gender in the workplace is an important matter for constant exploration and negotiation in the early stages of their careers. Second, undoing gender will not be universal in the work or family field of every female professional. Middle-level and high-level employees generally face the dilemma of breaking through gender stereotypes. Third, female professionals who arrive at high-level positions in the hotel choose to return to do gender through the undoing gender in the family field, or the weakening of the gender contradiction between the family and the work field. In the process of spatial interaction, female professionals challenge and change gender-related norms and attributes, interpreting gender disciplines and exercises in different spaces and career development stages. From a theoretical perspective, this study challenges such notion and reveals that gender cannot be viewed independently from a solely space or single stage. Instead, gender should be viewed as a whole outcome from the process of negotiation between active individuals and multiple social spaces. Furthermore, undoing gender does not happen without the existing sexual regimes. Agency never disappear in doing and undoing gender approach.
		2021 Vol. 36 (4): 72-79 [Abstract] ( 171 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2205KB] ( 1517 )

SOCIETY

	80	THE EFFECTS OF PERCEIVED COMMUNITY COMPASSION ON CONTINUED COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT
		XU Xing-an, XUE Kai-ni, WANG Li-lei
		Grassroots community's positive behavior has been regarded as an essential factor related to successful tourism development, since residents' supportive behaviors like recommending and protecting the destination, advice for local tourism industry, helping tourists and tolerating the negative influence of tourism development, benefit the community in all aspects. This research collected data through the questionnaire survey, and withdrew 243 effective copies finally. Self-report data from residents who had participated in the tourism development of Fengtang, a community located in Haikou City, Hainan Province were analyzed via PLS. Findings indicated that:1) Three perceived community compassion factors (i.e. economic, institutional and relational compassion) have positive impacts on continued community participation. 2) Perceived economic compassion is positively related to transactional psychological contract; perceived institutional compassion is positively related to both transactional and relational contracts; perceived relational compassion is positively related to relational psychological contract. 3) Both transactional and relational contracts are positively associated with continued community participation. 4) Transactional psychological contract mediates the relationship between perceived community compassion (i.e. institutional and economic compassion) and continued community participation.
		2021 Vol. 36 (4): 80-87 [Abstract] ( 149 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2683KB] ( 1001 )

	88	STUDY ON COMMUNITY INTERVENTION MECHANISM AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF COVID-19 IN INNER MONGOLIAAUTONOMOUS REGION
		ZOU Ya-feng, WANG Qi, SHI Chu-yuan, WANG Yu-jie
		In the context of the prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic in communities of Inner Mongolia, based on the empirical analysis, this study devises a theoretical system for community intervention in major public health events (MPHE). Questionnaire surveys, the chi-square test, the independent sample T-test and the principal component analysis were used to explore community intervention and factors influencing it in regions, and urban and rural areas. The results show the following:In the central region exhibited outstanding performance on the three latent variables, followed by the east, whereas the west had the worst results. Community intervention in the urban areas was significantly better than that in the agricultural and pastoral areas; urban community intervention mainly takes the optimization of the organizational structure and the strengthening of its functional performance as starting point, and takes the establishment of internal and external connections as auxiliary support points. Community intervention in rural areas relies on support from higher-level organizations and outsiders, and local capabilities are weak; community intervention in MPHE was implemented along the dimensions of the structural response of the organization, the performance of its own function, and the establishment of internal and external connections. Various links were organically connected and interacted.
		2021 Vol. 36 (4): 88-96 [Abstract] ( 131 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 6467KB] ( 1098 )

CULTURE

	97	FROM ALIENATION TO RESONANCE: THE YEARNING LIFE OF TOURISM ENTREPRENEURIAL MIGRANTS
		A Rong-na, SUN Jiu-xia
		Employing the alienation and resonance theory, we explore the mechanism behind the geographical flow of tourism entrepreneurial migrants, concerning Xizhou as an example. The migrants resist the modern life alienation that is common in cities and towns. Modifying the relationship with the society, they achieved resonance for the world through reconstructed lives in rural tourism destinations in four dimensions:Time, space, action, and dingwelt. They 1) achieved more autonomy to plan their time; 2) managed to re-shape the material and social space with the entrepreneurial business; 3) got rid of the unsatisfied labor and work pressure in the city, and found happiness and a sense of belonging; 4) identified a more profound significance and connection with dingwelt, either produce goods or consumer goods. However, alienation to a certain degree in one way or another is irresistible. Tourism destinations have already introduced modern society features through modernization, or urbanization. Through the social networks, either locally in Xizhou or remotely connected to other parts of the country, the momentum of the modern life habits makes the migrants anxious about their future. Rather than completely escaping from alienation, the migrants entered the cycle of re-alienation. Thus, the multi-faceted nature of alienation and resonance results in numerous thrust and pull during the migration process. The migrants are experiencing a life practice with multiple iterations of alienation and resonance.
		2021 Vol. 36 (4): 97-103 [Abstract] ( 122 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2601KB] ( 1013 )

CITY

	104	URBAN INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE AND INNOVATION OUTPUT: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS BASED ON 290 CITIES AT THE PREFECTURE LEVEL OR ABOVE IN CHINA
		LV La-chang, XIN Xiao-hua, CHEN Dong-xia
		Under the background of knowledge economy, innovation becomes the key to regional and urban development. Firstly, this paper defines the concept of innovation infrastructure and constructs the index system of urban innovation infrastructure measurement. Then, taking 290 cities at prefecture level and above in China as an example, this paper analyzes the spatial pattern of urban innovation infrastructure in China by using principal component analysis and GIS technology, and makes an empirical study on the impact of urban innovation infrastructure on urban innovation output by constructing a knowledge production function model. The research shows that:1) Innovation infrastructure refers to the sum of all kinds of physical engineering facilities and public service systems to ensure the smooth progress of innovation related activities. 2) The overall level of urban innovation infrastructure in China is low, and there are significant spatial differences, which shows that the development level of the east is higher than that of the west. 3) The level of urban innovation infrastructure in China has a significant positive impact on urban innovation output.
		2021 Vol. 36 (4): 104-113,125 [Abstract] ( 118 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3728KB] ( 1097 )

	114	IDENTIFICATION OF SPATIO-TEMPORAL DYNAMICS AND DETECTION FOR DRIVING FACTORS OF URBAN SPRAWL IN CHINA
		ZHANG Xin, PAN Jing-hu
		Urban sprawl has become a key issue of global concern as a special phenomenon related to abnormal urbanization. DMSP/OLI nighttime light data, NPP/VIIRS nighttime light data, and LandScan population distribution data were used to extract urban areas in China from 2000 to 2017 using the mutation detection method. After this, 343 cities at prefecture-level and above in China were taken as study units and the population sprawl index and the land sprawl index-which together constitute the urban sprawl index (USI)-were modeled to subdivide the differences in density within the cities. The evolutionary trend and spatiotemporal pattern of urban sprawl in China were then analyzed using trend analysis and exploratory spatiotemporal data analysis, while Geodetector was applied to probe the factors driving the changes. The results show the following. 1) There has been moderate or high urban sprawl development in China from 2000 to 2017. In terms of spatial distribution, the USI was high in the northwest and low in the southeast; 2) In 47.2% of the cities studied, the spread index has hardly changed in 18 years. 3) The local spatial stability of the USI gradually decreased from southeast to northwest and northeast. 4) The gross regional product (GRP) of tertiary industry, the general GRP, and investment in real estate development are the most important factors affecting the sprawl in cities at the prefecture level and above in China.
		2021 Vol. 36 (4): 114-125 [Abstract] ( 148 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 34278KB] ( 824 )

RURAL

	126	THE INFLUENCE OF CLUSTER SOCIAL CAPITAL ON THE GROWTH OF RURAL HOMESTAY INNS: THE CASE OF TWO VILLAGES IN MOUNT DANXIA
		WANG Hua, LIU Yu-xian, SHI Ying-yao
		Based on a case study of the clusters of rural homestay inns in Mount Danxia, qualitative research methods are adopted to explore the impact of cluster social capital on the growth of rural homestay inn enterprises. The study found that cluster social capital includes two levels, individual and collective, and the growth of rural homestay inn is jointly affected by individual social capital and collective social capital. Individual social capital includes vertical connections, market networks and entrepreneur personal networks, and collective social capital includes community cooperation networks and community public resources. The stock of individual social capital obtained by the rural homestay enterprise depends on the quality of the relationship and the number of relationships. The former is beneficial to reduce costs and increase heterogeneous resources, while the latter can complement the comprehensive foundation of the enterprise; The degree to which the rural homestay enterprise absorbs collective social capital depends on the degree of resource sharing and network closeness, the former determines the stock of collective resources in the cluster, and the latter restricts the degree to which homestay enterprise can absorb and transform collective resources. Individual social capital affects the start-up and survival of rural homestay enterprises, and collective social capital restricts or promotes the sustainable development of rural homestay enterprises. Individual social capital can be transformed into collective social capital, and collective social capital can enhance individual social capital, the interaction of the two together affects the growth of rural homestay enterprises.
		2021 Vol. 36 (4): 126-133 [Abstract] ( 107 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2137KB] ( 1029 )

ECONOMY

	134	A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF COMPLEX INDUSTRY NETWORK SYSTEM WITH STRONG INDUSTRIAL LINKAGES BETWEEN CHINA AND THE EUROPEAN UNION
		YUAN Yuan, SUN Xin-tong
		The formation of an industrial network is an inevitable evolutionary trend caused by industrial specialization, and it also anintrinsic driving force for the evolution of industrial structure. Thus, the topological characteristics of industrial networks canprovide a more detailed and precise reference for portraying macro industrial economic characteristics.This paper constructs the strongly related networks of China and EU subdivided industries based on the input-output tables, and uses the social network analysis to compare the industrial networks of China and EU at three levels:Overall, subgroups and individual. The aim of this study is to explore the development trend, pattern and development stage of the complex industrial networks in China. Therefore, we draw some conclusions. First of all, the development of strongly related industry networks has significant regularity, and the development form of EU industrial networks is the advanced model of Chinese industrial networks; Second, EU's inter-industry tightness and clustering trend are better than China's, but China's inter-industry resource transmission efficiency is better; Third, China is currently in a transition period where the distributive and productive services sectors are switching places with the manufacturing sector. However, China has not yet reached the mature and stable period in which a large number of service industries gather together as network centers to drive the development of the whole industry; Fourth, the Chinese and EU block networks are approximately presented with a "core-edge" hierarchical structure, and the block networks change from "single-core" drive to "dual-core" resonance drive. But the EU has achieved the dual core drive model earlier than China.
		2021 Vol. 36 (4): 134-142,167 [Abstract] ( 113 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 44084KB] ( 629 )

	143	RESEARCH ON CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF CHINESE MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES BASED ON EMBEDDEDNESS THEORY: A CASE STUDY OF HUAWEI
		FAN Man-ling, ZONG Hui-ming
		Under globalization, Chinese multinational enterprises are facing the problem of "social and cultural turn" in "going out". The traditional theory of Corporate Social Responsibility can not guide the current transnational investment and operation of Chinese multinational enterprises appropriately, while the role of Embeddedness Theory in economic geography in the "going out" process of Chinese multinational companies has not been fully recognized. This paper constructs a theoretical framework of the connection between Embeddedness theory and Corporate Social Responsibility theory with Huawei company as a case. According to the degree of multinational enterprises' participation in operation and the use of capital, Chinese multinational enterprises go out mainly in four forms, with different embeddedness degree in local area. This paper constructs a theoretical framework for the convergence of Embeddedness Theory and Corporate Social Responsibility Theory at different levels. Embeddedness Theory involves economic, societal, cultural, environmental, labor force and other aspects, and has a high degree of consistency with the Corporate Social Responsibility Theory, which includes Economic, Legal, Ethical and Philanthropic responsibilities. At the global and national level, Chinese multinational enterprises promote global sustainable development under the complicated geopolitical environment with their global partners. Their internationalization process is significantly affected by geopolitics and regulation policy of host countries. At the regional and community level, multinational enterprises integrate into the community development mainly by fulfilling economic and philanthropic responsibilities. At the firm level, multinational enterprises promote their localization process by fulfilling their economic and ethical responsibilities.
		2021 Vol. 36 (4): 143-150 [Abstract] ( 171 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 8858KB] ( 2043 )

TRANSPORTATION

	151	THE IMPACT OF THE URBAN RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEM ON HOUSING RENT: A CASE STUDY OF BEIJING METRO
		WANG Qian, FENG Chang-chun, SU Li-xin, CUI Na-na
		Based on the transaction data of the housing rental samples within the Sixth Ring Road in Beijing, this article takes the Beijing Metro as an example, and uses a spatial regression model to empirically explore the impact of rail transit on housing rental prices in two different ways:Shared rental mode and unshared rental mode. The results show that:1) The employment accessibility based on rail transit has a significant value-added effect on rental prices, and tenants are willing to pay a premium for housing rent with better employment accessibility. 2) The density of subway stations has a positive impact on the rental price in unshared rental mode, and has no significant effect on the shared rental mode, while the subway transfer line variable has no significant impact both. 3) The effect of rail transit of different rental modes on the rental price shows a different regular pattern as the distance increases. The effect of the rental price of the shared rental mode decreases monotonically with the increase of the actual road network distance, and the largest impact is within 500m from the station; while the unshared rental mode exhibits an inverted "U" shape change, and the value-added effect is greatest within the range of 500-1500m. According to the research results, it is suggested that the government increase the supply of rental housing while fully considering the elements of rail transit, and implement precise measures to achieve the efficient allocation of space for public resources.
		2021 Vol. 36 (4): 151-158 [Abstract] ( 154 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4703KB] ( 986 )

TOURISM

	159	STUDY ON FORMING FACTORS AND AFFECTING PATHS OF TOURIST CROWDING EVENTS
		TIAN Li, ZHONG Hong-wei
		Frequent tourist crowding events in scenic spots in China has become a hot topic in the study of tourism geography. In view of the causes of tourist crowding, a certain number of research results have been formed in the academic circle at home and abroad, but few studies have analyzed the forming factors and affecting paths of tourist crowding from the perspective of event process. With the help of the aggregated news retrieval function of Baidu and Google search engine, the news reports of typical domestic tourist crowding events are obtained as case data, then this paper extracts and analyzes the forming factors of tourist crowding events by using the analysis method of Grounded Theory. The results show that:1) The formation of crowding events is caused by the "push-pull" of tourist demand and supply and the restriction of the holiday system, forming the spatial and temporal concentration of tourist flow; 2) Bad weather, terrain, traffic, behavioral interference and other factors catalyze the pressure of passenger flow, posing a threat to the carrying capacity of scenic spots and resulting in the phenomenon of tourist crowding; 3) The deficiencies in scenic spot planning, monitoring, early warning, information release and emergency response bring about the expansion of the influence of the crowding phenomenon, and eventually lead to the tourist crowding events with quite negative social impact; 4) There are four typical affecting paths of the forming factors of crowding events, which need to be managed and controlled from the aspects of scenic spot informatization, civilized tourism, supply optimization and vacation system perfection. This study analyzes the formation factors of tourist crowding events and the interaction mechanism among these factors, which provides a reference from the perspective of analysis and theoretical framework to explain how the phenomenon of tourist crowding in scenic spots in China is formed.
		2021 Vol. 36 (4): 159-167 [Abstract] ( 113 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3404KB] ( 927 )

	168	ANALYSIS OF THE RELEVANT COMBINATION OF REGIONAL TOURISM ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY AND NETWORK DOMINANCE AND THE CONFIGURATION OF INFLUENCING FACTORS
		HAN Jian-lei, MING Qing-zhong, SHI Peng-fei, LIU An-le, XIE Chang-wen
		Based on the theory of complex system, by using data envelopment analysis and social network analysis, this paper constructs the evaluation model of tourism economic efficiency and tourism network dominance. And then the paper measures and analyzes the tourism economic efficiency, the tourism network dominance and the relevant combination of 31 provinces and cities in China. Later, by using the csQCA method, this research analyzes the internal and external factors that affect tourism efficiency, tourism network dominance and their combination. The main conclusions are as follows:1) The provincial tourism economic efficiency in China presents a spatial distribution pattern of high and low differentiation between the east and the west, and so does the north and the south. 2) Factors such as the level of market environment conditions, government support, human capital, transportation distribution, regional openness and network information can generate seven driving modes of high-level tourism economic efficiency, tourism network dominance and their coordinated development through multiple configuration combinations under different circumstances.
		2021 Vol. 36 (4): 168-176 [Abstract] ( 136 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5498KB] ( 1101 )

	177	ANALYSIS ON THE ATTRACTION EFFECT AND HETEROGENEITY OF VISA-FREE POLICY FOR INBOUND TOURISTS
		CAO Xiang, ZHANG Shuang-long, YU Sheng-guo
		In 2018, General Secretary Xi Jinping made it clear that "timely summary of the implementation of the visa-free policy for foreigners from 59 countries" when he personally planned a free trade port with Chinese characteristics, but it is rare for scientific and quantitative assessment of the effect of visa-free policy for inbound tourism in China. Therefore this paper takes the China's first travel visa-free entry policy as the research object, and takes 53 cities in 1996-2016 panel data as the research sample. The paper adopts Difference-in-Difference model to assess of the inbound tourism visa-free policy influence on the number of inbound tourism; then conducts a series of robustness tests by the Difference-in-Difference recognition criteria, the placebo, PSM-DID and eliminate interference policy; finally makes further analyses from the dimensions of the heterogeneity of the source of tourists and the effect of policy adjustment. The findings are as follows:Firstly, the implementation of visa-free policy for inbound tourism has significantly promoted the growth of inbound tourists, and has been supported in a series of robustness tests. Secondly, the effect of the visa-free policy for inbound tourism varies significantly from place to place, has the best effect on European countries, has a significant positive impact on Asian countries and Oceania countries, and has no significant effect on North American countries. Thirdly, the changes to the visa-free policy for inbound tourism in 2010 failed to significantly attract inbound tourists. The theoretical and practical significance of this paper are as follows:firstly, this study enriched the research content on the assessment of China's tourism policy, especially to make up for the quantitative assessment of the visa-free policy of inbound tourism; secondly, it provides a reliable empirical basis for further optimizing the visa-free policy for people from 59 countries and expanding the scope of visa-free implementation.
		2021 Vol. 36 (4): 177-184 [Abstract] ( 166 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1866KB] ( 1354 )

	185	A STUDY ON THE ELEMENTS AND INFLUENCE MECHANISM OF TOURISTS'DIET COMFORT DEGREE
		YU Feng-long, PAN Wei, XU Yu-ke
		As the medium closely connecting humans and linking humans with the earth, diet is given more meanings and connotations under the context of travel. Tourist diet comfort degree, a catalyst meeting the self-demands of tourists, exerts an important influence on tourist consumption experience and local comfortable image shaping. Tourists have different perceptions of and give various comments on diet in the environment of diet consumption based on self-sensory mobilization and overall evaluation. Comfort at the perception level shall be various and specific in the context of tourism diet consumption. However, comfort at the level of diet is categorized as an element attribute and directly put into a grander research theme or research framework. This paper collects materials by semi-structured interviews, encodes and analyzes data by using the grounded theory, explores and identifies the components of diet comfort degree and reveals the influence mechanism. The conclusions of the research are as follows:1) Tourist comfort degree means that tourists evaluate the macro environment, micro atmosphere and delicious food in the aspects of physiology and psychology comprehensively during the diet activities. 2) Tourist diet comfort degree consists of environment basis as the external macro environment element, atmosphere creation as tourists' internal feelings of micro diet environment, entity of perception as the core of diet product consumption and subject of perception as the tourist combining physical and psychological feelings. 3) Tourist diet comfort degree consists of diet comfort arousing, comfort realizing and comfort evaluating. There are differences in the influencing factors in different stages, which comprehensively influences and forms the tourist diet comfort experience and establishes the influence mechanism.
		2021 Vol. 36 (4): 185-192 [Abstract] ( 151 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3454KB] ( 1045 )

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