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Current Issue

	2022 Vol.37 Issue.2,Published 2022-04-15

	THEORY DEVELOPMENT SOCIETY CULTURE ECONOMY CITY RURAL TOURISM TRANSPORTATION GEOENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH COLUMN

THEORY DEVELOPMENT

	1	PLACE MAKING IN TOURISM: ORIGIN, CONNOTATION AND APPLICATION
		LIU Ting-ting, MA Ling, BAO Ji-gang
		Being conceptualized as a particular location possessing a collection of meanings, place is not only the space carrier of tourism activities, but also the core content of making tourist destinations. Given that tourism has increasingly become an important force to shape the meaning of place, the notion of place making has attracted much attention in tourism field. Based on the origin review and connotation analysis of two concepts of place and place making, this paper sorts out the main issues of place making's application to tourism development through CiteSpace visualization software and literature reading. By combing and examining the foreign research on place making collected from Web of Science, it is found that:1) The essence of place and place making is meaning construction. In tourism development, the meaning of the place could be constructed multiply, which provides the opportunity for making it as the touristic place. The practice of place making further has an important impact on local development. And this can easily result in emotional fractures of local residents towards the original place and affect their attitudes and behaviors towards tourism development. At the same time, the fictitious local landscape also makes it difficult for tourists to obtain a complete understanding and in-depth experience of the locality, which ultimately leads to unsustainable tourism in the destination. 2) Creating the place as a destination involves multiple stakeholders, such as the government, enterprises, local residents, and tourists. Therefore, the process of place making implies multi-party negotiation and multi-participant's identity, which have both positive and negative influences on the place.
		2022 Vol. 37 (2): 1-12 [Abstract] ( 208 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5970KB] ( 1914 )

	13	PROGRESS AND PROSPECT OF RESEARCH ON TRADITIONAL VILLAGES CULTURAL LANDSCAPE IN CHINA
		LI Xue, LI Bo-hua, DOU Yin-di, LIU Pei-lin
		Traditional villages cultural landscape, as a complex of natural and human factors with the flavor of rural culture in a specific area, carries the essence of Chinese farming civilization. It has the dual value of "traditional villages"and"cultural landscape"research, and it is a hot spot for the exploration of Chinese rural geography. It is found that the research on traditional villages cultural landscape in the past 30 years has become more and more detailed with the development of the times, and the research content mainly focuses on the characteristics and value, formation and evolution, protection and development of traditional villages cultural landscape. However, the depth and breadth of existing research needs to be strengthened. The multiscale research of traditional villages cultural landscape needs to be deepened, research topics need to be enriched, and subject integration and method integration still need to be strengthened. In the future, we should focus on systematic theoretical analysis, broaden the research scale of traditional villages cultural landscape. We should deepen and expand the research content and explore the research topics of traditional villages cultural landscape. We should also strengthen the integration of disciplines and methods, and improve the research framework of traditional villages cultural landscape.
		2022 Vol. 37 (2): 13-22,111 [Abstract] ( 147 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 17549KB] ( 1117 )

GEOENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH COLUMN

	23


		2022 Vol. 37 (2): 23-23 [Abstract] ( 113 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 844KB] ( 943 )

	24	SCALAR TRAPS IN ASSESSMENT OF GEO-SETTING
		WANG Feng-long
		Assessment of geo-setting is an important field in political geographical studies and is critical for identifying geopolitical risks and making geopolitical strategies. However, few studies have examined the scale problem in assessing geo-setting. Based on previous geographical research on the concept of scale and the theoretical perspective of scalar traps proposed by Fenglong Wang, this paper summarizes 4 types of scalar traps in research on assessment of geo-setting. First, since the selection of geographical scopes and level of resolution is mutually dependent with the results of assessing geo-setting, there is a scalar trap of selecting the optimal scale for assessing geo-setting. Second, since we should consider components of geo-setting at different scales yet the indicators at different scales may be incomparable, assessment of geo-setting need to deal with the trap of multiple-scale coupling. Third, because assessment of geo-setting should incorporate different elements of different scalar forms, e.g. some indicators are calculated based on areal region yet some others are calculated based on network, it is difficult to integrate these indicators into a unified framework. Forth, to balance the demands of evaluating comprehensive indicators and proposing priorities for making geopolitical strategies in assessing geo-setting, it is necessary to overcome the scalar trap of trade-off between extensiveness and conciseness.
		2022 Vol. 37 (2): 24-30 [Abstract] ( 115 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2096KB] ( 1080 )

	31	THE EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS OF THE ENERGY TRADE NETWORKS IN THE PAN ARCTIC STATE BASED ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF MULTI-DIMENSION PROXIMITY
		YANG Wen-long, HU Zhi-ding, SHI Wen-tian
		With the global energy competition becoming increasingly intense, countries are paying more and more attention to the energy interests of the Arctic which is no ownership area. Based on the complex network perspective, drawing on the concept of the Pan Arctic State and using Pajek, Ucinet and ArcGIS, this paper makes an in-depth study on the evolution process and its multi-dimension proximity. The main conclusions are as follows. Firstly, the networks tend to be dense. The center of supply network is shifting westward, while the center of consumer network is expanding eastwards. Energy trade presents a spatial pattern of high separation between production and marketing. Secondly, the network is characterized by the "coreperipheral" structure. Energy trade has formed a "three poles" pattern dominated by the United State, Canada and Russia. Thirdly, the dominant flow shows three subgroups and the energy grouping is becoming patently obvious. Eastern European countries gradually become the "structural hole" of network. Fourthly, the evolution of networks is driven by multi-dimension proximity. Economic differences are endogenous. Geographical proximity is the key spatial foundation. Organizational proximity is the main driver.
		2022 Vol. 37 (2): 31-40,93 [Abstract] ( 142 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 14483KB] ( 729 )

	41	INTERNATIONAL RIVER GOVERNANCE THROUGH THE LENS OF “HYDROSOCIAL TERRITORIES”
		WANG Yu, ZHANG Wen-ya, LIU Xiao-feng
		The governance of international river is an important geopolitical issue due to its economic, social and ecological attributes. Most existing research approaches this subject from the perspectives of realism and institutionalism, which mainly focus on water-related conflicts and cooperation among different sovereign nations. Hegemonic stability and hydro-hegemony are salient theoretical examples that were conceived and developed under realistic and institutional thinking. Based on the dialectical and relational thinking of political geography, this article reviews the theoretical discussions and controversies of international river governance. It introduces the conceptual framework of"hydrosocial territories"and its application in the geopolitical analysis of international rivers. This framework investigates the spatial deployment of power and explores the natural-society relationship from four previously underexamined analytical dimensions. First, power exercises apply at multiple scales and involve interconnections and interdependence across scales. Second, the deployment of power exists in physical, institutional, and representational spaces that jointly shape rules, narratives, and meanings of water. Third, the essence of water governance is defined by relationship networks that include and exclude different actors. Last, hydrosocial territories are fluid, constructed, and contested, encapsulating diverse forms of power exercises.
		2022 Vol. 37 (2): 41-49,102 [Abstract] ( 156 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2489KB] ( 1245 )

	50	STUDY ON THE SENSE OF STATE AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS OF CHINA'S TRANSNATIONAL MIGRANTS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
		WANG Min, YE Dan-chen, WANG Hong-feng
		As the social sciences represented by human geography have been gradually focusing on emotions, the geo-environmental disciplines have also begun to explore how emotions affect human being's cognition of the geo-environment. The emotion of "people" is a factor that can't be ignored in the geographical pattern. Geo-emotion is a cognitive attitude among different regions, which forms an overall emotional attitude under the influence of civilization, politics, religion, economic and other factors. In the process of transnational mobility, individuals interact with different countries. This interaction may occur at the micro level, such as the interaction between migrants and communities or cities. However, for migrants, communities or cities can be regarded as the epitome of the country, an integral part of the country, including the characteristics of the country. At this time, the sense of place will rise to the sense of state. This paper starts with the emotional elements of the geo-environment and borrows theories and methods of environmental psychology to explore the influencing factors of the sense of state in the context of transnational mobility. The study was carried out by a mixed research method of qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative research adopts the methods of literature survey and in-depth interview. The main conclusions of this study are as follows:1) Transnational immigrants' sense of state is deeply influenced by various individual and social factors, among which age, education, citizenship, length of time abroad, GDP per capita in migrating countries and cultural identity; 2) Transnational leads to the interaction of traditional cultural elements between the two types of subjects. 3) The geo-environment has reshaped the sense of state of transnational migrants from multiple scales and aspects.
		2022 Vol. 37 (2): 50-58 [Abstract] ( 137 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2640KB] ( 1265 )

	59	HOW DO NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS INFLUENCE CHINA'S INVESTMENT PROJECTS IN CAMBODIA? A GEOSOCIAL ANALYSIS
		LIU Xiao-feng, WANG Yu, HU Zhi-ding, GE Yue-jing, HUANG Yu
		Following the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), China has multiplied its international contacts and seen the necessity of people-to-people exchanges. Inspecting the BRI through a geosocial lens is thus crucial. Although Cambodia is regarded as a model for BRI international cooperation, China's infrastructure projects here have encountered many difficulties with geosocial factors playing key roles. Among the factors, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are crucial links connecting various geosocial actors and elements. Against the backdrop, this paper utilizes fieldwork interviews and observations and secondhand materials to investigate the roles of NGOs in Cambodia in the suspension of Chay Areng hydropower dam project. We first depict the basic characteristics of the NGOs in Cambodia. Then we examine how they generally operate and influence China's projects in Cambodia. Last but not least, we reveal the factors determining the formation of these influences.
		2022 Vol. 37 (2): 59-66,157 [Abstract] ( 196 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4411KB] ( 1918 )

	67	THE COOPERATION AND CONFLICT BETWEEN CHINAAND CENTRAL ASIAAND SPATIO-TEMPORAL HOT SPOT ANALYSIS
		CHENG Yi, LIU Hui, SONG Tao, ZHANG Fang-fang
		Central Asia is located in the center of the Eurasian continent and is an important area for the construction of the "Belt and Road". Based on the GDELT news media database, this article constructs the indexes of impact of events and the degree of bilateral relations, and quantitatively analyzes the evolution of cooperation and conflict between China and Central Asian countries. Moreover, using emerging hot spot analysis, this article identified China's cooperation and conflict hot spot models at the urban scale in Central Asia. The result shows:1) The cooperative relationship between China and Central Asian countries is getting closer. After the "Belt and Road" initiative was put forward, the cooperative trend between China and Central Asian countries has increased significantly, and the China-Kazakhstan cooperation relationship is the closest. 2) China's cooperation areas in Central Asia are concentrated in the capitals, strategic positions, and important energy bases of Central Asian countries. Concentrated and contiguous cooperation areas have been formed in the Andijan region of Uzbekistan and the Khatlon region of Tajikistan. 3) China's influence in Central Asian cities is dominated by cooperative relations. 4) On the time scale, the cooperative hot spots between China and Central Asia are mainly continuous, and the conflict hot spots are mainly oscillating.
		2022 Vol. 37 (2): 67-76 [Abstract] ( 136 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 20108KB] ( 727 )

SOCIETY

	77	OTHER'S BODILY PRACTICES AND INTEGRATION OF URBAN PUBLIC SPACE:A CASE STUDY OF MCSLEEPERS
		ZENG Guo-jun, WU Jie, WANG Long-jie
		Body is an important lens to observe and interpret social cultural phenomena. Based on the geography of body, to explore the relationship between the other bodies and urban spaces can provide a useful perspective for understanding the integration of marginalized groups and urban public spaces. As a kind of Other who are discrepant with dominant cultures, many homelessness spend the night at McDonald's and are called McSleepers. Based on the contradictory social phenomenon, this paper takes certain McDonald's in Zhuhai as an example, through observation and interview, from the perspective of geography of body, discusses otherness of the physical characteristics of McSleepers, and how they negotiate with and integrate into the food spaces through physical practice, so as to analyze the process mechanism of marginalized groups' integration into urban public spaces. This study argues that 1) The physical characteristics of McSleepers are distinctly otherness, which is embodied in both physical body and practical body; 2) McSleepers negotiate with the food spaces through physical bodily practice (temporal and spatial segregation) and non-physical bodily practice (the construction of self-identity, management and constraints within the group, build emotional connections with dominant groups), so as to achieve de-otherness and integration into food spaces in particular time and space. This article establishes a theoretical analysis framework of the interaction between the other bodies and the urban public spaces, and complements the theories of the geography of body in terms of bodily practices.
		2022 Vol. 37 (2): 77-84 [Abstract] ( 307 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3217KB] ( 881 )

	85	ANALYSIS ON THE DIFFERENCES OF WILLINGNESS AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF MONGOLIAN IMMIGRANTS FROM DIFFERENT REGIONS IN HOHHOT
		ZHANG Wei, YANG Yong-chun, QIN Zhao-xiang, SHI Kun-bo
		Under the guidance of the new ideas of ethnic work, inter ethnic residential integration has become an intuitive and key spatial form of "ethnicr embedded community". This paper attempts to explore the heterogeneity within the ethnic group by combining with the theory of social representation. Taking the Mongolian immigrants in Hohhot as the research object, this paper uses the methods of questionnaire survey to obtain the original data, and uses the methods of multi group SEM analysis to explore the differences in the willingness of Mongolian residents from different sources to live in integration and its influencing factors. The results show that:1) The integration willingness of the immigrants in Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos urban agglomeration is the highest, followed by that in Horqin mixed farming and animal husbandry area, while that in Xilinguole animal husbandry area is relatively low, but there is no significant differentiation; 2) Social and economic status, cultural adaptation, cultural retention, housing preference and other factors have differences in the path and degree of influence on the residential integration of Mongolian immigrants from different sources.
		2022 Vol. 37 (2): 85-93 [Abstract] ( 113 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4651KB] ( 979 )

CULTURE

	94	RESEARCH ON THE EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCE PROCESS AND AROUSAL MECHANISM OF THE HOST-GUEST INTERACTION RITUAL OF ETHNIC VILLAGE TOURISTS:A CASE STUDY OF GAOSHANLIUSHUI TOASTING RITUAL
		LI Rui, ZHENG Chao, YIN Song, YIN Hong-mei
		This article used the interview method and the observation method to analyze the process of emotional experience and the mechanism of emotional arousal of host-guest interaction ritual of ethnic village tourists under the Collins' interactive ritual chain theory. The results found that:1) In the course of toasting ritual performance, the tourists of ethnic village are driven by the elements of toasting ritual to achieve a collective state of excitement. 2) The tourists of ethnic village gain emotional effect such as individually emotional energy and collectively emotional consolation and collectively cultural symbols and moral perception through host-guest toasting ritual, and endow the props with emotional meaning to become cultural symbols that symbolized the toasting ritual. 3) Cultural symbols load the emotion of host and guest, after tourists of ethnic village return to their surroundings of ordinary daily life and will achieve emotional arousal of toasting ritual experience through the encounters of cultural symbol and the sharing of emotional experience and the substituting of toasting ritual.
		2022 Vol. 37 (2): 94-102 [Abstract] ( 148 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 9350KB] ( 1369 )

CITY

	103	STUDY ON THE EVOLUTION AND DYNAMIC MECHANISM OF CROSS-BOUNDARY REGIONS' DEVELOPMENT IN METROPOLITAN REGIONS
		TANG Mi, LUO Xiao-long, WANG Shao-bo
		Based on the features of the central-local governance, this paper takes the cross-boundary regions (CBRs) of the metropolitan region as an empirical case. It suggests that the development of the CBRs should be divided into three stages, which is promoted by the collaborative governance of the multi-level governments. During the first stage(1978-1990), with the support of the county- level government, CBRs shift from rural areas prevailed by agriculture to industrial towns dominated by township enterprises. During the second stage(1991-2015), CBRs have developed promptly from the small industrial town into middlescaled industry cities led by the prefecture and provincial-level governments. Thus, the first two stages of the development of CBRs should be regarded as the spatial production of governance of local governments. Nevertheless, during the third stage(2016 till now), CBRs transfer into the suburbia urban complex symbiotic with the core city, aiming to alleviate the cutthroat competition and establish an international competitive unit in the metropolitan region. In this stage, movement-based governance promoted by the central government has a profound impact on the CBRs as well as the metropolitan region. With the continuous deepening of cross-boundary development, the spatial structure of the CBRs has changed from scattered distribution to industrial-zone-oriented expansion, and finally to the new town-oriented sprawl.
		2022 Vol. 37 (2): 103-111 [Abstract] ( 133 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 21543KB] ( 817 )

	112	PRODUCTION AND RESTRUCTURING OF NESTING SPACE OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION AND FUNCTIONAL ZONE:A CASE STUDY OF EXPANSION OF SHENZHEN SEZ FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF STATE RESCALING
		JIANG Ming-hua
		Special Economic Zone (SEZ) is obviously one of the institutional experiments. SEZ was normally narrowed in jurisdiction when it was initially established because of the worries of political risk and social friction. After years of development, the quality of the SEZ has been comprehensively improved, it is necessary to expand the area of the SEZ in order to promote the successful experience and carry out deeply institutional experiments on a larger scope. In the process of area-expanding, administrative division and functional zone are nested with each other and then the nesting space is formed. According to new state spaces theory, the expansion of SEZ in area is an important form of state rescaling and a multidimensional socio-spatial process concerning territory, place, scale and network. Based on the case study of the Shenzhen SEZ and considering the TPSN assemble, the production and restructuring of nesting space is analyzed. The research suggests that there are obvious periodic features in the expanding of Shenzhen SEZ. The comparison of TPSN assembles shows that the assembles are obviously different in the three stages of Shenzhen SEZ region expanding. The synergy effect of resource, policy and aggregate are the direct drivers of production and restructuring of nesting space while network plays the key role in this process. The results show that the research on nesting space in China advanced the frontier of state rescaling theory. In recent years, the central government has actually tightened the institutional supply channel of administrative divisions. Under this circumstance, because of its low cost and flexible, nesting space will become a new regional governing technique to the cities that hungry for upgrading in administrative level or expanding in administrative division.
		2022 Vol. 37 (2): 112-118,181 [Abstract] ( 128 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4802KB] ( 1457 )

	119	RESEARCH ON THE COUPLING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN URBAN VITALITY AND URBAN SPRAWL BASED ON THE MULTI-SOURCE NIGHTTIME LIGHT DATA-A CASE STUDY OF THE WEST TAIWAN STRAIT URBAN AGGLOMERATION
		LEI Yi-fan, LU Chun-yan, SU Ying, HUANG Yu-fei
		Based on DMSP-OLS and NPP-VIIRS nighttime light data and the panel data, we extracted the urban areas and constructed the evaluation system of urban vitality in WTSUA from 1992 to 2017. The evolution and dynamics of urban sprawl were analyzed by combining an urban sprawl rate index and a standard deviation ellipse model. The urban vitality was comprehensively assessed using an entropy weight model and the coupling relationship between urban vitality and urban sprawl of WTSUA was explored by combing coupling coordination degree model. Results showed that the urban area in the WTSUA experienced an increase tendency, with a rise area of 23228.79 km² during the period 1992-2017. Multiple driving forces involving economic development, urban planning, geographical advantages, ecological environment and culture policy had an influence on the changes of the coupling and coordination between urban vitality and urban sprawl of the WTSUA.
		2022 Vol. 37 (2): 119-131 [Abstract] ( 226 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 33165KB] ( 841 )

RURAL

	132	A STUDY ON THE LIVING STATE AND MECHANISM OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF RURAL REVITALIZATION
		PAN Ying, ZOU Jun, LIU Ya-qian, HUANG Chi-qin, LIU Pei-lin
		Based on the connotation of living state this article aims to build an index system of the living state of traditional villages according to population system, material heritage system and intangible heritage system. Traditional villages have gradually formed differentiated leading industries under different development paths. On this basis, traditional villages are divided into four types:Tourism development type, traditional skill type, comprehensive development type and life service type. Data were obtained through interview questionnaire, field survey, literature review and other methods to measure the living state of four traditional villages in Yongzhou city, Hunan Province which belong to the above four types. The results show that:1) From the Activity index level, the phenomenon of inactivation is common in various traditional villages, but there are differences in the degree of inactivation. Among them, the degree of inactivation from tourism development type is relatively light. 2) The living state of population in different types of villages is obviously different. Tourism development type, has the best living state in terms of population and the population hollowing out problem is most serious in life service village. 3) Compared with the population situation of traditional villages and the living state of intangible heritage, the degree of inactivation of intangible heritage of different types of traditional villages is generally lighter. 4) The inactivation of intangible heritage in different types of traditional villages is significant, while the villages from comprehensive development type and life service type are at a serious inactivation level.
		2022 Vol. 37 (2): 132-140,192 [Abstract] ( 121 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 9504KB] ( 1620 )

TRANSPORTATION

	141	THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON INTERCITY TRAVEL DURING CHINESE FESTIVALS
		ZHAO Zi-yu, ZHAO Shi-yao, HAN Zhong-hui, LIU Lu, JIA Ju-hui, WANG Shi-jun
		Based on migration data from Baidu, the study compares the difference in population flow between 2020 and 2019 during three important Chinese festivals, i.e., Qingming Festival, Labor Day, and National Day, and explores the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the population travelling between cities during these festivals. The study first points out that the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on such travel. On the Qingming Festival and Labor Day in 2020, the average daily population flow intensity, according to Baidu, decreased by 50.1% and 45.2%, respectively, compared with the same periods in 2019, and there were significant spatial differences in this effect. Second, this study argues that the flow intensity of the population travelling between cities showed a trend of recovery. Meanwhile, the weight and compactness of the population travel network continued to increase. Within this pattern, intercity travel on Labor Day showed recovery in average intensity, but a reduction in average distance, and an increase in network modularity index, indicating that under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, people tended to travel short distances, and they were more diversified in destination selection. Finally, this study proposes that the recurrence of local epidemics will have a significant impact on the travel intensity of the population during Chinese festivals in the short term.
		2022 Vol. 37 (2): 141-149,172 [Abstract] ( 135 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 21595KB] ( 805 )

ECONOMY

	150	THE LOCATIONAL CHOICE OF DIRECT INVESTMENT FROM THE RELATIONAL PERSPECTIVE:PROCESS AND MECHANISM
		YU Guo-jun, HE Can-fei, ZHU Hua-you
		The paper analyses the process of location choices of direct investment (LCDI). Existing literature mainly focuses on the determinants of location choices, but rarely unfolds the dynamic process of location choices. There is no doubt that LCDI is a dynamic process, rather than an instant accomplishment. Based on the relational perspective, this paper constructs a dynamic process model of LCDI, including three pillar:that is, relational connection, location coupling and interactive game. This paper reveals that LCDI follows the complex and dynamic process of relational connection, location coupling and interactive game. First, the relational connection between the enterprises and the destination of investment is a prerequisite for the enterprises to invest, and the structural hole is conducive to the formation of the relationship between the enterprises and the destination of investment. Second, the coupling of enterprises and the location factors is a necessary process of LCDI. Third, the interactive game between enterprises and the local government is an important process of LCDI, and the two sides must reach a consensus.
		2022 Vol. 37 (2): 150-157 [Abstract] ( 105 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2104KB] ( 986 )

	158	COMPETITION PATTERN EVOLUTION AND CONTRIBUTING FACTORS DETECTION OF URBAN HOMESTAY AND HOTEL INDUSTRY:A CASE STUDY OF SHANGHAI
		WU Dan-dan, FENG Xue-gang, MA Ren-feng, WU Yang, HAO Chen
		In the context of the gradual intensification of the competition between the homestay and hotel industry, it is necessary to analyze the spatial correlation characteristics and competition pattern of the two, with a view to achieving win-win and sustainability in the urban tourism accommodation industry. Based on above, this paper uses GIS spatial analysis technology and GeoDetector to describe the evolution characteristics of the spatial competition pattern of homestay and hotel industry from a micro-scale and detect its influencing factors. The research found that:1) Both the homestay industry and hotel industry in Shanghai tend to evolve in clusters, the former tends to be located around scenic spots, while the latter tends to be located around urban commercial centers. 2) From 2010 to 2020, the degree of competition between the homestay and hotel industry has gradually intensified. The form of spatial competition between the two has experienced the residual competition of space almost monopolized by the hotel industry, and developed into the coexistence of non-residual competition and residual competition, and finally formed a coexistence state of spatial competition and spatial dislocation. 3) Cultural and tourism endowment, commercial facility and population agglomeration are the main factors affecting the micro layout of the homestay and hotel industry, followed by land price and traffic condition.
		2022 Vol. 37 (2): 158-166 [Abstract] ( 116 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 20152KB] ( 753 )

	167	STUDY ON TRADE AND INVESTMENT COOPERATION BETWEEN CHINAAND CROATIA UNDER THE BACKGROUND OF THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE
		LI Bo-ying, Yin Hai-tao
		Croatia is the hometown of Marco Polo. As an important country in Central and Eastern Europe and an important stop on the ancient Silk Road, Croatia plays an important role in promoting the effective implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative. Based on the data of trade and investment cooperation between China and Croatia from 2013 through 2020, this paper analyzes the complementarity and competitiveness of trade and investment cooperation between China and Croatia. The results show that:Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Croatia in 1992, the cooperation in trade and investment between the two countries has developed steadily and achieved good results. In recent years, although the coronavirus has caused an all-around impact on global international trade, and the global trade in goods and services has shrunk substantially, trade and investment between China and Croatia have continued to increase. Moreover, China is at a relatively core position in China-Croatia trade and investment cooperation, while Croatia is at a relatively marginal position. Besides, the cooperation in trade and investment between China and Croatia is complementary and has great potential for future cooperation. At present, the trade and investment between China and Croatia is developing steadily, but there are still some problems. In view of the problems existing in the trade and investment cooperation between China and Croatia, this paper puts forward policy suggestions on further expanding cooperation in the fields of trade and cooperation between China and Croatia, and strengthening cooperation between both sides in competitive industries, infrastructure projects, tourism and service outsourcing.
		2022 Vol. 37 (2): 167-172 [Abstract] ( 130 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2041KB] ( 3660 )

TOURISM

	173	EATING IN A FOREIGN LAND:EXPERIENCING EXTREME FOODS IN TOURISM
		SHI Yan-rong, XIE Yan-jun, ZENG Shi-qing
		As a basic physiological need, diet is an indispensable part of daily life. With the gradual development of society toward abundance, food is undergoing a process of ongoing socialization with respect to daily living. Accordingly, it is necessary to examine special manifestations of individual diet in the tourism industry. Through speculative research, the present studied investigated the tourist experience of extreme, exotic foods; it also assessed related issues from the dual perspectives of daily living and tourism. This study produced a number of conclusions. First, compared with daily dietary activities, the food consumption behavior of tourists features experiential characteristics, which involve an alienation function and a polarization tendency. Functional alienation is mainly manifested in the landscape association and aestheticization of food production and consumption. Second, the internal driving force behind functional alienation with respect to food in the tourism industry is the binary opposition between tourism and daily living. Third, owing to that binary opposition, tourists have to deal with four obstacles when experiencing extreme foods:Physical, psychological, knowledgeable and technical, and social; the items are in decreasing order of problems for the tourist. The degree of separation or similarity between the eating situation and the place perceived by tourists affects the difficulty in surmounting those obstacles. Fourth, local food production and global food consumption achieve a coexistence of opposites in tourism. Finally, this study incorporates these theoretical underpinnings into a unified theoretical framework for tourism situation theory.
		2022 Vol. 37 (2): 173-181 [Abstract] ( 133 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5971KB] ( 1272 )

	182	PROCESS OF THE TOURISM DESTINATION VITALITY ELEMENTS:AN EXPLORATORY STUDY BASED ON GROUNDED THEORY
		ZUO Yi-fan, XU Shao-gui, LIN Qi-hong, ZHANG Mu
		Tourism destination vitality has been widely adopted in the developing, planning and marketing practice, but its core and formation mechanism remain unknown. Based on the systematic knowledge of tourism destination vitality, the texts of tourist reviews and in-depth interviews were collected as data sources from the perspective of tourists. Grounded theory method was adopted to explore the cognitive process and influencing factors of the tourism destination vitality. The results show that the transportation and attraction constitute the basic elements of tourism destination vitality, as well as the precursor elements of experience feedback. Experience feedback is the aftereffect element in the formation path of tourism destination vitality, and sociality is the key way to transmit the basic elements to experience feedback. Transportation includes convenience and scientificity, attraction includes natural conditions, local culture, activities, festivals and upper facilities, experience feedback includes personal emotion, attitude and status, and sociality includes management measures and host-guest relationship. In addition, there are four main influencing factors in the cognitive process of tourism destination vitality:Nature, humanity, management and development level. Among them, nature and humanity are the internal factors of tourism destination vitality, as well as the starting factors of the cognitive process of tourism destination vitality. While management and development level are the external factors of tourism destination vitality. The effects of different factors varies.
		2022 Vol. 37 (2): 182-192 [Abstract] ( 133 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3412KB] ( 1731 )

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