科学划分贫困区有助于强化政府反贫困战略实施的针对性、实效性,有助于贫困人口尽快脱贫。本文在综述国内外贫困区划分方法的基础上,运用量图分析法,从动态的角度、省级行政区的层次,划分了中国的贫困省区,并根据贫困省区的经济社会发展特点和变化,分析了导致其贫困的原因,提出了中国贫困省区脱贫致富的措施。分析表明,中国经济社会发展呈现东中西梯级分布的空间特征,贫困省区集中在西部地区;贫困省区的贫困不但表现为收入低、生活条件差,而且还表现为市场化发育程度低、财政基础薄弱、受教育程度低;中国内部区域差距有进一步扩大趋势。

Poverty is not only a social problem, but also a severe economic problem and political problem. Poverty exists widely in the different countries and regions, especially in developing countries and backward area. Poverty is a result of the integrated effects of various factors. Dividing the poor area scientifically is helpful to strengthen the direction and the effectiveness of implementing the government poverty alleviation policy and anti-poverty strategy. Based on the overview of the division methods of the poor areas in the domestic and oversea, the Quantity-FIG is used to distinguish the poor and rich provinces. Comparing to the multivariate statistical analysis method, the weighted-factor method, and method of the single index such as the income per capital, the Quantity-FIG has a lot of advantages such as computing more easily, much more testability to the computing outcome, self-revised ability and objectives. So the Chinese poor provinces are determined by using the Quantity-FIG, and in the angle of dynamic analysis and the level of provincial administration. Firstly, the index system of evaluating the power which province is poor is built. We choose the 12 indexes which include the economy, society, culture, education, market system as the indexes of dividing the Chinese poor provinces. Then on the basis of the characteristics and variation of economic and social development in the poor provinces,the reasons of causing poverty in Chinese poor provinces is analyzed and determined. Finally some key measures to get rid of poverty in the poor provinces are put forward. In order to eliminate the poor, the paper suggests that the poor provinces should:1) change from the industrial structure of resource economy to high-tech industries and new industries; 2) improve the proportion that the center government gives the fiscal incomes to the subnational government; 3) continue to deepen reform of market system and open up; 4) build the good atmosphere of encouraging innovation and start-up and so on.