在现代大众旅游中，帝王建筑从权力的象征转化为审美的对象。本文以茂陵为例，剖析了其空间关系从权力到审美的转变过程。研究发现，这一转变体现在三个方面。首先，茂陵原有的膜拜价值在两方面转变为展示价值，一是原创艺术的膜拜价值转变为复制品的展示价值，二是权力表征的膜拜价值转变为旅游产品的展示价值；其次，权力的退场和审美的在场通过艺术构造和艺术家得到印证；第三，空间功能元素实现了三个阶段的价值变迁，即从原始实用价值到重构实用价值，再到审美价值的过程。同时，其建构方式从权力关系中场对人的建构转变为审美体验中人对场的建构。总之，帝王陵墓作为现代大众旅游的观赏对象，其场所精神经历了从权力在场到审美在场的变迁。
Abstract
In modern mass tourism, the ancient emperor's building, such as the mausoleum, has transformed from a symbol of power to an aesthetic object. In order to explore the form and connotation of this shift of place sprite, this article analyses the transformation of the spatial relationship from power to aesthetics in Mao Mausoleum of Emperor Wu of Han dynasty based on multiple theories, such as the theories of space, aesthetic theories, and architectural theories. The research approach includes field work, deep interview and qualitative analysis. This research found that the form of this transformation is reflected in three aspects. Firstly, the original value of worship has transformed into the value of exhibition on two sides. On one side, the kultwert of original arts has turned into the exhibition value of art reproductions; on the other side, the value of worship of the symbol of power has turned into the exhibition value of tourism products; Secondly, the fading of power and the entering of aesthetics can be verified by the artistic structure in the mausoleum and the process of the artists' position from absence to presence. Thirdly, the space function achieved its shift through three stages: from the original practical value to the reconstructed practical value, and then from the reconstructed practical value to aesthetic value. At the meantime, in the shift of space spirit, its constructing way has also changed. In ancient times, human spirit was constructed by the field. In short, as the case of Mao Mausoleum shows, the former emperor mausoleum's space spirit has undergone a historical shift form the presence of power to the presence of aesthetics.
关键词
空间 /
场所精神 /
旅游体验 /
权力 /
审美
Key words
space /
space spirit /
tourism experience /
power /
aesthetics
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基金
国家旅游局2015 年度“万名旅游英才计划”（WMYC20151019）
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