中国海外移民主体对入境旅游影响的多元差异研究

郑鹏; 赵月光; 刘壮; 席建超

doi:10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2024.04.016

PDF(1959 KB)

人文地理 ›› 2024, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4) : 148-159. DOI: 10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2024.04.016

旅游

中国海外移民主体对入境旅游影响的多元差异研究

郑鹏^1,2, 赵月光¹, 刘壮¹, 席建超³

作者信息 +

A STUDY ON THE MULTIPLE DIFFERENCES IN THE IMPACT OF CHINESE OVERSEAS EMIGRANTS ON INBOUND TOURISM

ZHENG Peng^1,2, ZHAO Yue-guang¹, LIU Zhuang¹, XI Jian-chao³

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

中国作为世界上最大的移民输出国和新兴旅游目的地国，其海外移民具有融通中外、连接东西的优势，已然成为推动入境旅游高质量发展的新主体。本文以中国海外移民为研究对象，通过构建2010—2019年全球68个国家的面板数据，运用数理统计分析和双向固定效应模型等方法分析中国海外移民对入境旅游的影响并探讨其影响的多元差异。结果表明：①中国海外移民显著促进了入境旅游发展，中国海外移民规模越大，对入境旅游的促进作用越显著。②移民国属性和旅游者特征使得中国海外移民对入境旅游的影响表现出显著非对称性。③中国海外移民在高经济发展水平、低文化产业实力的移民国，更易发挥影响力，推动入境旅游发展。④中国海外移民对不同性别、不同年龄、不同类型的旅游者，发挥的旅游影响力存在差异。本研究尝试“以人为媒”，探讨海外移民对入境旅游影响的多元差异，客观解读其多元关系，为促进国际旅游高质量发展提供参考。

Abstract

As the world's largest exporter of emigrants and emerging tourist destination, China's overseas emigrants the West, and have become a new driving force for the high-quality development of inbound tourism. This article takes Chinese overseas emigrants as the research object, constructs panel data from 68 countries around the world from 2010 to 2019, and uses methods such as mathematical statistical analysis and bidirectional fixed effects models to analyze. The results indicate that: 1) Chinese overseas emigrants have significantly promoted the development of inbound tourism, and the larger the scale of Chinese overseas emigrants, the more significant the promoting effect on inbound tourism. 2) The attributes of the Republic of China and the characteristics of tourists make the impact of Chinese overseas emigrants on inbound tourism exhibit significant asymmetry. 3) Chinese overseas emigrants are more likely to exert their influence and promote the development of inbound tourism in countries with high levels of economic development and low cultural industry strength. 3) There are differences in the tourism influence exerted by Chinese overseas emigrants on tourists of different genders, ages, and types. This study attempts to explore the diverse differences in the impact of overseas emigrants on inbound tourism through human media, and providing reference for promoting the high-quality development of international tourism.

导出引用

郑鹏, 赵月光, 刘壮, 席建超. 中国海外移民主体对入境旅游影响的多元差异研究[J]. 人文地理. 2024, 39(4): 148-159 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2024.04.016

ZHENG Peng, ZHAO Yue-guang, LIU Zhuang, XI Jian-chao. A STUDY ON THE MULTIPLE DIFFERENCES IN THE IMPACT OF CHINESE OVERSEAS EMIGRANTS ON INBOUND TOURISM[J]. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2024, 39(4): 148-159 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2024.04.016

中图分类号： F592.99

参考文献

[1] 王学峰, 张辉“. 十四五”时期我国入境旅游发展趋势与建议[J]. 旅游学刊, 2020, 35(6): 6-8. [Wang Xuefeng, Zhang Hui. Trends and suggestions for the development of inbound tourism in China during the 14th Five Year Plan Period[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2020, 35(6):6-8.]
[2] 宋芳秀.中国出入境旅游：特征、问题及对策[J]. 国际贸易, 2020(11): 77-84. [Song Fangxiu. Inbound and outbound tourism in China: Characteristics, problems and suggestions[J]. Intertrade, 2020(11):77-84.]
[3] Wu J F, Wang X G, Pan B. Agent-based simulations of China inbound tourism network[J]. Scientific Reports, 2019, 9(1):1057-1078.
[4] 曾少聪.中国海外移民与中华民族认同[J]. 民族研究, 2021(4):71-84, 141. [Zeng Shaocong. Overseas Chinese immigrants and identity of the Chinese nation[J]. Ethno-National Studies, 2021(4):71-84, 141.]
[5] 宋弘, 罗长远, 栗雅欣. 对外开放新局面下的中国国家形象构建——来自“一带一路”倡议的经验研究[J]. 经济学(季刊), 2021, 21(1):241-262. [Song Hong, Luo Changyuan, Li Yaxin. The construction of country image in the new framework of China's Openness: Empirical evidence from the Belt and Road Initiative[J]. China Economic Quarterly, 2021, 21(1):241-262.]
[6] 孙艳, 李咪咪, 肖洪根.海外移民返乡家庭旅游的集体记忆和国家认同建构[J]. 旅游学刊, 2022, 37(2):46-61. [Sun Yan, Li Mimi, Xiao Honggen. Construction of collective memory and national identity through homeland visits: Narratives from Chinese immigrants[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2022, 37(2):46-61.]
[7] 邢丽菊, 鄢传若斓.中国国家形象的塑造模式研究[J]. 东北亚论坛, 2022, 31(6):3-17, 125. [Xing Liju, Yan Chuanruolan.A study on the modeling model of China's national image[J]. Northeast Asia Forum, 2022, 31(6):3-17, 125.]
[8] 魏卫“. 美丽中国”国家形象的国际旅游吸引力研究[J]. 社会科学家, 2020(9):8-14. [Wei Wei. Research on the international tourism attraction of the national image of "Beautiful China"[J]. Social Scientist, 2020(9):8-14.]
[9] 蒋依依.以国家形象与旅游形象有机融合促进入境旅游持续发展[J]. 旅游学刊, 2018, 33(11):9-11. [Jiang Yiyi. Promoting the sustainable development of inbound tourism through the organic integration of national image and tourism image[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2018, 33(11):9-11.]
[10] 金刚, 李雨嘉, 傅嘉欣, 等.对外旅游经济发展与中国国家形象构建[J]. 产业经济评论, 2022(3):20-35. [Jin Gang, Li Yujia, Fu Jiaxin, et al. The inbound tourism development and the construction of China's national image[J]. Review of Industrial Economics, 2022(3): 20-35.]
[11] 郑鹏, 马耀峰, 王洁洁, 等.来华外国旅游者推拉驱力的相关性研究[J]. 人文地理, 2014, 29(1):146-153, 107. [Zheng Peng, Ma Yaofeng, Wang Jiejie, et al. Ananalysis of push and pull relationships in the foreign tourists to China[J]. Human Geography, 2014, 29(1):146-153, 107.]
[12] Mccreary A, Seekamp E, Larson L R, et al. Climate change and nature-based tourism: How do different types of visitors respond? [J]. Tourism Planning and Development, 2020(6):1-19.
[13] 张子昂, 保继刚.多重距离对中国入境与出境旅游流的影响：基于组态的视角[J]. 地理科学, 2021, 41(1):13-21. [Zhang Zi'ang, Bao Jigang. Effects of multiple distances on inbound and outbound tourism flows in China: A configuration-based perspective[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2021, 41(1):13-21.]
[14] Prideaux B. Factors affecting bilateral tourism flows[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2005, 32(3):780-801.
[15] Tang R. Trade facilitation promoted the inbound tourism efficiency in Japan[J]. Tourism Management Perspectives, 2021, 38(4):100805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2021.100805.
[16] Yang Y, Liu H B, Li X R. The world is flatter? Examining the relationship between cultural distance and international tourist flows [J]. Journal of Travel Research, 2019, 58(2):224-240.
[17] 杨洋, 陈艳, 熊洛奕, 等.综合国家距离对中国入境旅游的影响——基于CAGE距离框架的实证研究[J]. 旅游学刊, 2022, 37(2):62-74. [Yang Yang, Chen Yan, Xiong Luoyi, et al. The influence of comprehensive country distance on Chinese inbound tourism: An empirical study on the CAGE distance framework[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2022, 37(2):62-74.]
[18] 文艳, 孙根年.旅游服务贸易国际分工及中国角色演化研究[J]. 经济管理, 2020, 42(9):111-126. [Wen Yan, Sun Gennian. Study on the international division of labor in tourism service trade and the evolution of China's role[J]. Business and Management Journal, 2020, 42(9):111-126.]
[19] 王洁洁. 跨文化交往中入境旅游者外显态度与隐性偏见的实验比较[J]. 旅游学刊, 2019, 34(8):40-52. [Wang Jiejie. An experimental comparative study of foreign inbound tourists' explicit attitude and covert prejudice in cross-cultural interactions[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2019, 34(8):40-52.]
[20] Jaeyeon C, Lugosi P. Migration, tourism and social sustainability[J]. Tourism Geographies, 2022, 24(1):1-8.
[21] Seetaram N. Immigration and international inbound tourism: Empirical evidence from Australia[J]. Tourism Management, 2012, 33(6):1535-1543.
[22] Okafor L E, Khalid U, Burzynska K. The effect of migration on international tourism flows: The role of linguistic networks and common languages[J]. Journal of Travel Research, 2022, 61(4):818-836.
[23] Qiu H Q, Zhang J S. Determinants of tourist arrivals and expenditures in Canada[J]. Journal of Travel Research, 1995, 34(2):43-49.
[24] 王颖, 姚宝珍.国际移民对母国经济的影响——基于汇款中介效应的实证分析[J]. 经济问题, 2021(1):23-31. [Wang Ying, Yao Baozhen. Influence of international emigration on economic development of home countries: Empirical analysis based on mediating effect of personal remittance[J]. On Economic Problems, 2021(1):23-31.]
[25] 杨连星, 马一诺, 王秋硕.海外移民网络与中国企业跨国并购[J]. 华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2022, 54(5):145-160, 191. [Yang Lianxing, Ma Yinuo, Wang Qiushuo. Overseas migration network and corporate cross-border mergers & acquisitions[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences), 2022, 54(5): 145-160, 191.]
[26] 余川江, 伏虎, 赵智.中国与南亚国家资金融通影响因素及潜力的实证分析[J]. 南亚研究季刊, 2020(2):46-53, 5. [Yu Chuanjiang, Fu Hu, Zhao Zhi. Financial integration between China and South Asian countries: An empirical analysis on its factors and potentials [J]. South Asian Studies Quarterly, 2020(2):46-53, 5.]
[27] 魏浩, 邓琳琳. 国际移民流入、中间品进口与东道国生产率提高[J]. 国际贸易问题, 2022(5):38-50. [Wei Hao, Deng Linlin. International immigration inflow, imports of intermediate goods and the improvement of host countrie' productivity[J]. Journal of International Trade, 2022(5):38-50.]
[28] 郑鹏, 刘壮, 王洁洁, 等“. 因商而游”亦或“寻文而至”?——“一带一路”倡议与中国入境旅游业[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2023, 33(3):181-193. [Zheng Peng, Liu Zhuang, Wang Jiejie, et al. Traveling for business or for culture? China's Belt and Road Initiative and its inbound tourism[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2023, 33(3):181-193.]
[29] Dabamona S A, Cater C, Cave J, et al. Cultural identity through an educational school trip: Voices of native papuan students[J]. Tourism Management Perspectives, 2021, 38(2):78-86.
[30] 吴晓曼, 薛琳, 方伟晶, 等.中国国际移民的社会融合与发展：分析框架的构建与应用[J]. 西安交通大学学报(社会科学版), 2022, 42(5):115-122. [Wu Xiaoman, Xue Lin, Fang Weijing, et al. Social integration and development of international immigrants in China: Construction and application of a theoretic framework[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University: Social Sciences, 2022, 42(5):115-122.]
[31] 王金波“. 一带一路”能否提升中国国家形象[J]. 世界经济与政治, 2022, 35(2):4-31, 155-156.[Wang Jinbo. Can Belt and Road Initiative improve China's national image[J]. World Economics and Politics, 2022, 35(2):4-31, 155-156.]
[32] 符丽君, 周裕祺, 毕珊珊, 等.黄山风景区游客特征与旅游体验研究——基于百度指数和网络文本[J]. 资源开发与市场, 2023, 39(8): 1081-1088. [Fu Lijun, Zhou Yuqi, Bi Shanshan, et al. Study on the characteristics and tourism experience of tourists in Huangshan Scenic: Area based on Baidu index and network text[J]. Resource Development & Market, 2023, 39(8):1081-1088.]
[33] 董亚娟, 赵玉萍, 吴悠, 等.城市居民出境旅游决策的性别差异研究[J]. 资源开发与市场, 2019, 35(2): 287-291. [Dong Yajuan, Zhao Yuping, Wu You, et al. Study on outbound tourism decision-making of urban residents of different genders[J]. Resource Development & Market, 2019, 35(2):287-291.]
[34] Uysal M, Jurowski C, Noe F P, et al. Environmental attitude by trip and visitor characteristics: US virgin islands national park[J]. Tourism Management, 2015, 15(4):284-294.
[35] Girish P, Jessica M P, Craig L, et al. The self-concept and psychological antecedents of intention to recommend a heritage site: The moderating effects of visitor type[J]. Tourism Management Perspectives, 2022(42):100962.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2022.100962.
[36] 杨桔, 祁春节“. 丝绸之路经济带”沿线国家对中国农产品出口贸易潜力研究——基于TPI与扩展的随机前沿引力模型的分析框架[J]. 国际贸易问题, 2020(6):127-142. [Yang Ju, Qi Chunjie. An empirical analysis on the trade potential of export to China from countries along the Silk Road Economic Belt: Based on TPI and an expanded framework of Stochastic Frontier Gravity Model[J]. Journal of International Trade, 2020(6):127-142.]
[37] 赵东喜. 中国省际入境旅游发展影响因素研究——基于分省面板数据分析[J]. 旅游学刊, 2008, 23(1):41-45. [Zhao Dongxi. Study on the influencing factors of the development of China's provincial inbound tourism: Analysis based on the provincial panel data[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2008, 23(1):41-45.]
[38] 文艳, 孙根年.中国入境旅游贸易效率及其影响因素研究——基于异质性随机前沿引力模型的估计[J]. 旅游学刊, 2021, 36(3):29-43. [Wen Yan, Sun Gennian. Trade efficiency of China's inbound tourism and influencing factors: Estimating trade efficiency using a heterogeneous stochastic frontier gravity model[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2021, 36(3):29-43.]
[39] Crompton J. Structure of vacation destination choice sets[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 1992, 19(3):420-434.
[40] Turner L W, Witt S F. Factors influencing demand for international tourism: Tourism demand analysis using structural equation modelling, revisited[J]. Tourism Economics, 2001, 7(1):21-38.
[41] 李卫兵, 张凯霞.空气污染对企业生产率的影响——来自中国工业企业的证据[J]. 管理世界, 2019, 35(10):95-112, 119. [Li Weibing, Zhang Kaixia. The Impact of air pollution on enterprise productivity: Evidence from Chinese industrial enterprises[J]. Journal of Management World, 2019, 35(10):95-112, 119.]
[42] 陈强远, 林思彤, 张醒. 中国技术创新激励政策：激励了数量还是质量[J]. 中国工业经济, 2020(4):79-96. [Chen Qiangyuan, Lin Sitong, Zhang Xing. China's technology innovation incentive policy: Whether quantity or quality is motivated[J]. China Industrial Economics, 2020(4):79-96.]
[43] 蔡栋梁, 邱黎源, 孟晓雨, 等.流动性约束、社会资本与家庭创业选择——基于CHFS数据的实证研究[J]. 管理世界, 2018, 34(9):79-94. [Cai Dongliang, Qiu Liyuan, Meng Xiaoyu, et al. Liquidity constraints, social capital, and family entrepreneurship choices: An empirical study based on CHFS data[J]. Journal of Management World, 2018, 34(9):79-94.]
[44] 卢江, 许凌云, 梁梓璇.世界经济格局新变化与全球经济治理模式创新研究[J]. 政治经济学评论, 2022, 13(3):118-143. [Lu Jiang, Xu Lingyun, Liang Zixuan. Research on the new changes of world economic pattern and the innovation of global economic governance model [J]. China Review of Political Economy, 2022, 13(3):118-143.]
[45] 刘涵妮, 夏赞才, 殷章馨, 等.全球旅游贸易时空格局及影响因素研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(4):14-27. [Liu Hanni, Xia Zancai, Yin Zhangxin, et al. Research on the temporal and spatial patterns and influencing factors of global tourism trade[J]. World Regional Studies, 2023, 32(4):14-27.]
[46] 刘春济, 冯学钢.入境旅游发展与我国经济增长的关系[J]. 经济管理, 2014, 36(2):125-135. [Liu Chunji, Feng Xuegang. The relationship of inbound tourism developmentand economic growth of China [J]. Economic Management Journal, 2014, 36(2):125-135.]
[47] 陈基平, 魏浩.国际移民流入对进出口贸易影响的实证分析——来自美国的证据[J]. 国际商务研究, 2019, 40(1):30-40. [Chen Jiping, Wei Hao. An empirical analysis of the impact of international immigration on import and export trade:Evidence from the US[J]. International Business Research, 2019, 40(1):30-40.]
[48] Eom Y H, Kim D, Roh S M, et al. National reputation as an intangible asset: A case study of the King Sejong institute in Korea[J], International Review of Public Administration, 2019, 24(2):1-16.
[49] 李振亭, 马耀峰.基于市场调查的中国入境游客人口学特征比较研究[J]. 西北师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 43(1):95-98. [Li Zhenting, Ma Yaofeng. Comparison research on demographic character of inbound tourists[J]. Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition), 2007, 43(1):95-98.]
[50] Tomczewska-Popowycz N, Huang W J. Sentimental tourism to a lost land: Age and roots diversification[J]. Tourism Review, 2023, 78(4):1116-1132.
[51] Basala S L, Klenosky D B. Travel-style preferences for visiting a novel destination: A conjoint investigation across the novelty-familiarity continuum[J]. Journal of Travel Research, 2001, 40(2):172-182.
[52] 范兆斌, 杨俊.海外移民网络、交易成本与外向型直接投资[J]. 财贸经济, 2015(4): 96-108. [Fan Zhaobin, Yang Jun. International emigration network, transaction cost and outward FDI[J]. Finance & Trade Economics, 2015(4):96-108.]
[53] 李其荣, 沈凤捷.跨国移民与东亚现代化——以中、日、韩三国为例[J]. 社会科学, 2010(5):21-30, 187. [Li Qirong, Shen Fengjie. Transnational migration and modernization in East Asia: With China, Japan, South Korea as examples[J]. Journal of Social Sciences, 2010(5):21-30, 187.]
[54] Dwyer L, Seetaram N, Forsyth P, et al. Is the migration-tourism relationship only about VFR?[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2014, 46(3):130-143.
[55] 李锦昊, 陈浩然, 马凌.越南难侨的身份协商与国家认同——基于珠海市原红旗华侨农场的案例[J]. 人文地理, 2023, 38(1):56-63. [Li Jinhao, Chen Haoran, Ma Ling. Identity negotiation and national identity of returned vietnamese Chinese: A case study of the former HongQi farmin ZhuHai[J]. Human Geography, 2023, 38(1): 56-63.]
[56] 韦永贵, 张艺川.跨国文化传播对中国出口贸易的影响研究——基于友好城市的研究视角[J]. 南方经济, 2021(11):97-121. [Wei Yonggui, Zhang Yichuan. The influence of transnational cultural communication on China's export trade: Research perspective based on twin cities[J]. South China Journal of Economics, 2021(11):97-121.]
[57] Marcher A, Kofler I, Innerhofer E, et al. Perceptions of and interactions between locals, migrants, and tourists in South Tyrol[J]. Tourism Geographies, 2022, 24(1):56-72.