观光社区营造驱动下的游客参与村落主体再生——以日本茅葺之乡支援者活动为例

李琪

doi:10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2026.03.016

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人文地理 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3) : 164-173. DOI: 10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2026.03.016

旅游

观光社区营造驱动下的游客参与村落主体再生——以日本茅葺之乡支援者活动为例

李琪

作者信息 +

TOURIST ENGAGEMENT AND VILLAGE RESUBJECTIFICATION DRIVEN BY TOURISM BASED COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY OF THE KAYABUKI-NO-SATO SUPPORTER PROGRAM IN JAPAN

LI Qi

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文章历史 +

摘要

针对乡村发展中村落主体消解的现实困境，以日本京都府美山町茅葺之乡的雪灯廊支援者活动为案例，基于主体性理论，通过参与式观察与半结构化访谈，探讨游客的短期介入如何协助村落主体再生。研究发现，游客以“流动主体”身份嵌入观光社区营造的过程中，呈现出自主动机与能动实践、主客身份互嵌、迁移与积累等主体性特征。在此基础上提出一种基于游客主体性的村落主体再生机制：度赋权构建短期参与平台激活游客主体性，依托角色协商平衡服务义务与体验需求以及最终借助游客跨时空的主体性迁移与积累实现村落主体结构的动态延续。研究拓展了村落主体的讨论范畴，为摆脱乡村主体消解困境提供了“以流动应对流动”的新的行动框架。

Abstract

Against the backdrop of ongoing rural population decline and the weakening of community subjectivity, tourism-based villages face a pressing challenge: how to reconstruct sustainable local support systems.Traditional approaches to community development often rely on the long-term participation of permanent residents; however, in depopulated and aging regions, such models are increasingly unsustainable. In response, this study takes the Yuki-tōrō Supporter Program in Kayabuki-no-Sato, Miyama Town, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, as a case study. Grounded in subjectivity theory and based on qualitative methods including participant observation and semi-structured interviews, the research focuses on tourists as “mobile subjects” and explores how their short-term involvement in tourism-based community development can contribute to the regeneration of village subject structures. Findings reveal that tourists demonstrate distinct characteristics of subjectivity through their participation: 1) self-driven motivation and active practice rooted in personal interest, cultural identification, and value pursuit; 2) dynamic role negotiation between being service providers and experience seekers; and 3) the accumulation of subjective experience through repeated participation and cross-regional mobility. Based on these insights, the study proposes a threefold mechanism for village subject regeneration: first, the institutional empowerment of tourists through the creation of short-term participation platforms to activate and convert their subjectivity into localized support resources; second, the dynamic balancing of service obligations and individual experience needs through flexible role coordination; and third, the spatial and temporal extension of tourist subjectivity as a foundation for building regenerative support networks across regions.

导出引用

李琪. 观光社区营造驱动下的游客参与村落主体再生——以日本茅葺之乡支援者活动为例[J]. 人文地理. 2026, 41(3): 164-173 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2026.03.016

LI Qi. TOURIST ENGAGEMENT AND VILLAGE RESUBJECTIFICATION DRIVEN BY TOURISM BASED COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY OF THE KAYABUKI-NO-SATO SUPPORTER PROGRAM IN JAPAN[J]. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2026, 41(3): 164-173 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2026.03.016

中图分类号： C912.8

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[39] (1)观光社区营造,日语为"観光まちづくり"(kankōmachidzukuri)。其中,"観光"代指广义的旅游、游览、观光等休闲娱乐行为,亦可翻译为"旅游"。まちづくり中的"まち"虽然对应中文中的"街" "町",但并非局限为一条街道或者一个城市等,是由不同规模的参与者构成的生活共同体,因此多翻译为"社区"。
[40] (2)茅葺,日语为"茅葺"(kayabuki),意为茅草覆盖的屋顶。
[41] (3)过疏地区,日语为"過疎地域"(kaso chiiki),指因人口大幅减少,地方社区活力下降,生产功能和生活环境发展水平较低的地区。
[42] (4)目前国内也存在若干以"旅游社区营造"为主题的研究。尽管相关论文未明确指出其与日本"観光まちづくり"(观光社区营造)概念之间的直接关联,但通过其强调在地化发展、文化传承与居民主体等核心议题可见,其理论取向在很大程度上受到了日本社区营造理念的影响,并进一步将论述对象具体化为旅游语境中的社区实践。这类研究普遍聚焦于以在地居民为核心主体,推动乡村地区的旅游型社区发展,其概念与日本观光社区营造较为相近。然而,与日本近年来逐渐将游客纳入参与主体的趋势不同,国内旅游社区营造相关讨论目前仍主要围绕居民展开,尚未将游客群体纳入参与主体的分析视野。
[43] (5)南丹市包含园部町、八木町、日吉町与美山町四个部分,其中美山町于1955年由知井村、平屋村、宫岛村、鹤冈村与大野村合并形成,北村为知井村北部的聚落。
[44] (6)减反政策是为了调整水稻产量过剩的政策,通过向农户支付更换农作物的补助金实现削减水稻种植面积的目标。从20世纪60年代开始试验性地实施,1971年正式导入,于2018年废除。
[45] (7)日本政府从1995年开始统计并公布以聚落(小地域)为单位的人口统计数据。
[46] (8)重要传统建造物群保存地区是指与周围环境融合较好并形成具有历史风貌且价值较高的建筑物群,该制度是日本基于1975年修改后的文化财保护法而形成的。
[47] (9)里山,日语"里山"(satoyama),意为位于村落附近,用于采集薪炭木材和蔬菜等,与人们关系密切的森林。