中国城乡人口迁移流动数据基础与展望：普查数据与大数据的融合视角

戚伟; 朱文浩

doi:10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2026.04.003

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人文地理 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4) : 21-34. DOI: 10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2026.04.003

人口流动与城乡发展专栏

中国城乡人口迁移流动数据基础与展望：普查数据与大数据的融合视角

戚伟^1,2, 朱文浩^1,2

作者信息 +

CHINA’S URBAN-RURAL POPULATION MIGRATION AND MOBILITY: DATA BASIS AND PROSPECTS FROM THE INTEGRATION OF CENSUS DATA AND BIG DATA

QI Wei^1,2, ZHU Wen-hao^1,2

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

连续、可靠的城乡人口迁移流动数据是解析人口迁移时空动力学机制、推动城乡要素双向流动与融合发展的关键支撑。本文系统梳理了中国城乡人口迁移研究的数据基础与局限，识别了普查数据与大数据的挑战与机遇。研究发现：（1）城乡人口迁移数据存在明显稀缺性，既有研究多忽视城乡实体地域划分，缺乏对流量数据、精细化O-D迁移流、结构特征及微观尺度的深入分析；（2）应用普查数据开展城乡人口迁移流动缺乏时空可比性，这体现在城乡统计标准多次调整、来源地信息采集尺度波动且不连续，以及数据空间精度粗等问题上；（3）“普查数据+大数据+人工智能”为城乡人口迁移流动带来新的数据机遇，人工智能可以融合多源数据，提高空间精度，推动流量数据的生成、人口迁移流的结构特征分解与潜在关联挖掘的深度应用。

Abstract

Reliable and continuous data on China's urban-rural population migration and mobility provide a fundamental basis for analyzing demographic transition and its spatiotemporal dynamics, and offer critical support for evidence-based policymaking on the two-way flow of population, resources, and labor between urban and rural areas and on integrated urban-rural development. This paper systematically reviews the current data foundations and limitations of research on China's urban-rural population migration, and identifies the challenges and opportunities associated with census data and big data. The findings show that existing research still faces evident data shortages, including insufficient attention to urban-rural geographic distinctions, limited use of flow data, inadequate fine-grained origin-destination analysis, weak examination of migration-flow structures, and a lack of micro-scale studies. Census-based migration research also suffers from limited spatiotemporal comparability, as reflected in repeated revisions of urban–rural statistical standards, fluctuating and discontinuous collection scales of origin information, coarse spatial resolution, and related problems. The integration of population census data, big data, and artificial intelligence brings new opportunities for studying urban-rural population migration and mobility. AI can help integrate multi-source data, improve spatial precision, generate flow data, and support deeper analyses, such as decomposing migration-flow structures and uncovering hidden associations.

导出引用

戚伟, 朱文浩. 中国城乡人口迁移流动数据基础与展望：普查数据与大数据的融合视角[J]. 人文地理. 2026, 41(4): 21-34 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2026.04.003

QI Wei, ZHU Wen-hao. CHINA’S URBAN-RURAL POPULATION MIGRATION AND MOBILITY: DATA BASIS AND PROSPECTS FROM THE INTEGRATION OF CENSUS DATA AND BIG DATA[J]. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2026, 41(4): 21-34 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2026.04.003

中图分类号： K901.3

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