转型期以来,政府治理制度的变革及公私部门关系的重构使我国城市公共服务设施供给主体、供给机制逐步多元化,其分布形态也由空间均衡趋向分异。本文以广州为案例,研究结果表明:广州城市公共服务设施分布总体上呈核心-边缘空间格局,区域供给规模差异大且与人口分布不相协调,区际及不同类型设施的空间聚集水平差异显著;传统计划经济条件下城市公共服务设施空间均衡分布模式被市场经济条件下高收入地区指向的集中布局模式所取代,表现出类似西方国家城市公共资源配置的"反比例服务法则"。

Since the implement of reform and open-up policy in China, the supply entity and the supply mechanism of urban public service facilities has become multiplex and its spatial distribution has been changed from spatial equilibrium to spatial differentiation for the reason of reform of the government and the reconstruction of the relationship between public and private sectors. This research explores the spatial differentiation of urban public facilities supply and its driving mechanism with a case study of Guangzhou. Based on the data from the specific facilities investigation database in 2006 and urban resident travel investigation database in 2005 of Guangzhou, the authors examine the spatial equilibrium and social differentiation of the distribution of urban public service facilities. The result shows that there are great differences of public service facilities in different districts of Guangzhou, and the public service facilities and the population distribution are not coordinate. The accumulation level in the old districts of the city is much higher than new developed districts, which is caused by the "continuing accumulation" of the driving factors including the geography location, the exploiting priority and the population density. The medical, well-being, entertainment and public service facilities have the highest aggregation level, and the aggregation levels of education, business and transport facilities are the lowest. The spatial distribution of public service facilities in Guanzhou has been changed from the spatial equilibrium distribution, which occurs in traditional planning economy, to spatial concentration in high income areas, which is caused by the market economy. That is similar to the "inverse-care law" of public resources distribution in the cities of western countries. The change of macroscopic environment, urban planning, historical inertia, supply sides and demand sides propels the spatial differentiation of public service facilities supply in a direct or indirect way. Based on those factors, the authors put forward a theoretical framework of the mechanisms of the spatial differentiation of public service supply.