THE GEOGRAPHY OF CHINESE ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT
DUAN De-zhong1,2, DU De-bin1,2, GUI Qin-chang1,2, DUAN Lü-han1,2
1. Institute for Global Innovation & Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;
2. School of Urban and Regional Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
Abstract：Innovation and entrepreneurship have become the most distinctive features of this era, this era is more focused than ever before on entrepreneurial growth. Entrepreneurship growth is one of the core issues in modern management and economics research. However, the existing studies on the growth of entrepreneurs are only focused on the characterization and static issues highlighted by entrepreneurs during their growth. Almost nobody cares about the spatial rules and space processes (spatial paths) that are highlighted in the growth of entrepreneurs. Through collecting the spatial information of four growth stages of 786 entrepreneurs in China and applying the complex network model, this paper analyzed the spatial path of Chinese entrepreneurs' development, and discussed the roles played by Chinese 207 cities in the growth of entrepreneurs. At last, we also give a precise identification on the function of the 30 cities that play an important role in the growth of entrepreneurs. We found that the growth of Chinese entrepreneurs in space showed an evolution process from decentralized to centralized and to decentralized again, the Yangtze River Delta region is the most dependent space for the growth of Chinese entrepreneurs. The roles of other cities in the network on the one hand depends on the number of entrepreneurs that they have, on the other hand also depends on the relationship with Beijing city. After the roles precise identification of the Top 30 cities, there are only Beijing city and Ningbo city playing double roles in the growth of Chinese entrepreneurs. In addition, Shanghai city, Shenzhen city, Guangzhou city and other 7 cities are divided into the successful type. Chengdu city, Tianjin city, Chongqing city and other 6 cities are classified as the entrepreneurship type.
张维迎,盛斌.企业家:经济增长的国王[M].上海:上海人民出版社, 2014:1.[Zhang Weiying, Sheng Bin. Entrepreneur:The King of Economic Growth[M]. Shanghai:Shanghai People's Publishing House, 2014:1.]
[2]
中国企业家调查系统.中国企业家成长20年:能力、责任与精神[J].管理世界,2014(6):19-38.[Chinese Entrepreneur Survey System. Chinese entrepreneurs' growth in 20 years:Ability, responsibility and entrepreneurship[J]. Management World, 2014(6):19-38.]
[14]
Castiblanco M S E. Female entrepreneurship in a forced displacement situation:The case of Usme in Bogota[J]. Suma de Negocios, 2016,15(7):61-72.
[3]
中国企业家调查系统.经济转型与创新:认识、问题与对策[J].管理世界,2013(9):9-20.[Chinese Entrepreneur Survey System. Economic transformation and innovation:Understanding, problems and Countermeasures[J]. Management World, 2013(9):9-20.]
[4]
司月芳,曾刚,曹贤忠,等.基于全球-地方视角的创新网络研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2016,35(5):600-609.[Si Yuefang, Zeng Gang, Cao Xianzhong, et al. Research progress of global innovation networks[J]. Progress in Geography, 2016,35(5):600-609.]
[5]
段德忠,杜德斌,刘承良.上海和北京城市创新空间结构的时空演化模式[J].地理学报,2015,70(12):1911-1925.[Duan Dezhong, Du Debin, Liu Chengliang. Spatial-temporal evolution mode of urban innovation spatial structure:A case study of Shanghai and Beijing[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015,70(12):1911-1925.]
[6]
杜德斌.全球科技创新中心:动力与模式[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2015:7-12.[Du Debin. Global S & E Innovation Center:Motivation and Model[M]. Shanghai:Shanghai People's Publishing House, 2015:7-12.]
[7]
刘承良,桂钦昌,段德忠,等.全球科研论文合作网络的结构异质性及其邻近性机理[J].地理学报,2017,71(4):737-752.[Liu Chengliang, Gui Qingchang, Duan Dezhong, et al. Structural heterogeneity and proximity mechanism of global scientific collaboration network based on co-authored papers[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017,71(4):737-752.]
[8]
李丹丹,汪涛,魏也华,等.中国城市尺度科学知识网络与技术知识网络结构的时空复杂性[J].地理研究,2015,34(3):525-540.[Li Dandan, Wang Tao, Dennis Wei Yehua, et al. Spatial and temporal complexity of scientific knowledge network and technological knowledge network on China's urban scale[J]. Geographical Research, 2015,34(3):525-540.]
[16]
José António Porfírio, Tiago Carrilho, Lisete S Mónico. Entrepreneurship in different contexts in cultural and creative industries[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2016,69(11):5117-5123.
[16]
José António Porfírio, Tiago Carrilho, Lisete S Mónico. Entrepreneurship in different contexts in cultural and creative industries[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2016,69(11):5117-5123.
[15]
Elisabeth S C Berger, Andreas Kuckertz. Female entrepreneurship in startup ecosystems worldwide[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2016,69(11):5163-5168.
[9]
Robinson S, Stubberud H A. Teaching creativity, team work and other soft skills for entrepreneurship[J]. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 2014,17(2):186-197.
[10]
贺小刚,李新春.企业家能力与企业成长:基于中国经验的实证研究[J].经济研究,2005(10):101-111.[He Xiaogang, Li Xinchun. Entrepreneurial competence and enterprises' growth:An empirical study in China[J]. Economic Research Journal, 2005(10):101-111.]
[17]
Lim D S K, Oh C H, Clercq D D. Engagement in entrepreneurship in emerging economies:Interactive effects of individual-level factors and institutional conditions[J]. International Business Review, 2015,25(4):933-945.
[17]
Lim D S K, Oh C H, Clercq D D. Engagement in entrepreneurship in emerging economies:Interactive effects of individual-level factors and institutional conditions[J]. International Business Review, 2015,25(4):933-945.
[11]
蔡宁,刘志勇.企业家成长环境理论及其启示[J].外国经济与管理, 2003,25(10):2-7.[Cai Ning, Liu Zhiyong. The theory of entrepreneur's growth environment and its enlightenment[J]. Foreign Economies & Management, 2003,25(10):2-7.]
[18]
陈传明,孙俊华.企业家人口背景特征与多元化战略选择——基于中国上市公司面板数据的实证研究[J].管理世界,2008(5):124-133.[Chen Chuanming, Sun Junhua. Entrepreneurs' demographic characteristics and their diversified strategic options[J]. Management World, 2008(5):124-133.]
[18]
陈传明,孙俊华.企业家人口背景特征与多元化战略选择——基于中国上市公司面板数据的实证研究[J].管理世界,2008(5):124-133.[Chen Chuanming, Sun Junhua. Entrepreneurs' demographic characteristics and their diversified strategic options[J]. Management World, 2008(5):124-133.]
[16]
José António Porfírio, Tiago Carrilho, Lisete S Mónico. Entrepreneurship in different contexts in cultural and creative industries[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2016,69(11):5117-5123.
[19]
张正勇,吉利.企业家人口背景特征与社会责任信息披露——来自中国上市公司社会责任报告的经验证据[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(4):131-138.[Zhang Zhengyong, Ji Li. Entrepreneurs' demographic characteristics and the social responsibility information disclosure[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2013,23(4):131-138.]
[19]
张正勇,吉利.企业家人口背景特征与社会责任信息披露——来自中国上市公司社会责任报告的经验证据[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(4):131-138.[Zhang Zhengyong, Ji Li. Entrepreneurs' demographic characteristics and the social responsibility information disclosure[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2013,23(4):131-138.]
[12]
Crane G, Meyer M. The entrepreneurial climate in Canada:The entrepreneur's viewpoint[J]. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 2006,19(3):223-231.
[13]
周国红,陆敏,周丽梅.科技型企业家的作用机制与成长环境营造[J]. 科学学研究,2007,25(s1):139-143.[Zhou Guohong, Lu Min, Zhou Limei. Study on function mechanism and growing environment of tech-entrepreneurs[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2007, 25(s1):139-143.]
[17]
Lim D S K, Oh C H, Clercq D D. Engagement in entrepreneurship in emerging economies:Interactive effects of individual-level factors and institutional conditions[J]. International Business Review, 2015,25(4):933-945.
[20]
Motoyama Y, Danley B. An analysis of the geography of entrepreneurship:Understanding the geographic trends of inc. 500 companies over thirty years at the state and metropolitan levels[EB/OL]. (2012-09-12)[2017-03-22].https://ssrn.com/abstract=2145480.
[20]
Motoyama Y, Danley B. An analysis of the geography of entrepreneurship:Understanding the geographic trends of inc. 500 companies over thirty years at the state and metropolitan levels[EB/OL]. (2012-09-12)[2017-03-22].https://ssrn.com/abstract=2145480.
[18]
陈传明,孙俊华.企业家人口背景特征与多元化战略选择——基于中国上市公司面板数据的实证研究[J].管理世界,2008(5):124-133.[Chen Chuanming, Sun Junhua. Entrepreneurs' demographic characteristics and their diversified strategic options[J]. Management World, 2008(5):124-133.]
[19]
张正勇,吉利.企业家人口背景特征与社会责任信息披露——来自中国上市公司社会责任报告的经验证据[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(4):131-138.[Zhang Zhengyong, Ji Li. Entrepreneurs' demographic characteristics and the social responsibility information disclosure[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2013,23(4):131-138.]
[14]
Castiblanco M S E. Female entrepreneurship in a forced displacement situation:The case of Usme in Bogota[J]. Suma de Negocios, 2016,15(7):61-72.
[21]
Baltzopoulos A, Broström A. Attractors of entrepreneurial activity:Universities, regions and alumni entrepreneurs[J]. Regional Studies, 2011,47(6):934-949.
[21]
Baltzopoulos A, Broström A. Attractors of entrepreneurial activity:Universities, regions and alumni entrepreneurs[J]. Regional Studies, 2011,47(6):934-949.
[20]
Motoyama Y, Danley B. An analysis of the geography of entrepreneurship:Understanding the geographic trends of inc. 500 companies over thirty years at the state and metropolitan levels[EB/OL]. (2012-09-12)[2017-03-22].https://ssrn.com/abstract=2145480.
Elisabeth S C Berger, Andreas Kuckertz. Female entrepreneurship in startup ecosystems worldwide[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2016,69(11):5163-5168.
[23]
Steyaert C, Katz J. Reclaiming the space of entrepreneurship in society:Geographical, discursive and social dimensions[J]. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 2004,16(3):179-96.
[23]
Steyaert C, Katz J. Reclaiming the space of entrepreneurship in society:Geographical, discursive and social dimensions[J]. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 2004,16(3):179-96.
[21]
Baltzopoulos A, Broström A. Attractors of entrepreneurial activity:Universities, regions and alumni entrepreneurs[J]. Regional Studies, 2011,47(6):934-949.
José António Porfírio, Tiago Carrilho, Lisete S Mónico. Entrepreneurship in different contexts in cultural and creative industries[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2016,69(11):5117-5123.
[24]
Smith B R, Stevens C E. Different types of social entrepreneurship:The role of geography and embeddedness on the measurement and scaling of social value[J]. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 2010,22(6):575-598.
[24]
Smith B R, Stevens C E. Different types of social entrepreneurship:The role of geography and embeddedness on the measurement and scaling of social value[J]. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 2010,22(6):575-598.
[23]
Steyaert C, Katz J. Reclaiming the space of entrepreneurship in society:Geographical, discursive and social dimensions[J]. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 2004,16(3):179-96.
[17]
Lim D S K, Oh C H, Clercq D D. Engagement in entrepreneurship in emerging economies:Interactive effects of individual-level factors and institutional conditions[J]. International Business Review, 2015,25(4):933-945.
[18]
陈传明,孙俊华.企业家人口背景特征与多元化战略选择——基于中国上市公司面板数据的实证研究[J].管理世界,2008(5):124-133.[Chen Chuanming, Sun Junhua. Entrepreneurs' demographic characteristics and their diversified strategic options[J]. Management World, 2008(5):124-133.]
[19]
张正勇,吉利.企业家人口背景特征与社会责任信息披露——来自中国上市公司社会责任报告的经验证据[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(4):131-138.[Zhang Zhengyong, Ji Li. Entrepreneurs' demographic characteristics and the social responsibility information disclosure[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2013,23(4):131-138.]
[25]
Glaeser E L, Kerr W R. Local industrial conditions and entrepreneurship:How much of the spatial distribution can we explain?[J]. Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 2009,18(3):623-663.
[25]
Glaeser E L, Kerr W R. Local industrial conditions and entrepreneurship:How much of the spatial distribution can we explain?[J]. Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 2009,18(3):623-663.
[24]
Smith B R, Stevens C E. Different types of social entrepreneurship:The role of geography and embeddedness on the measurement and scaling of social value[J]. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 2010,22(6):575-598.
[20]
Motoyama Y, Danley B. An analysis of the geography of entrepreneurship:Understanding the geographic trends of inc. 500 companies over thirty years at the state and metropolitan levels[EB/OL]. (2012-09-12)[2017-03-22].https://ssrn.com/abstract=2145480.
[26]
Helsley R W, Strange W C. Entrepreneurs and cities:Complexity, thickness and balance[J]. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 2011,41(6):550-559.
[26]
Helsley R W, Strange W C. Entrepreneurs and cities:Complexity, thickness and balance[J]. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 2011,41(6):550-559.
[25]
Glaeser E L, Kerr W R. Local industrial conditions and entrepreneurship:How much of the spatial distribution can we explain?[J]. Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 2009,18(3):623-663.
[27]
奚曦,张继彤.创业企业行业分布与区域分布特征分析——以创业板上市企业为例[J].特区经济,2013(8):61-63.[Xi Xi, Zhang Jitong. Analysis of industry distribution and regional distribution characteristics of entrepreneurial enterprises[J]. Special Zone Economy, 2013(8):61-63.]
[27]
奚曦,张继彤.创业企业行业分布与区域分布特征分析——以创业板上市企业为例[J].特区经济,2013(8):61-63.[Xi Xi, Zhang Jitong. Analysis of industry distribution and regional distribution characteristics of entrepreneurial enterprises[J]. Special Zone Economy, 2013(8):61-63.]
[28]
胡兆量,王恩涌,韩茂莉.中国人才地理特征[J].经济地理,1998,18(1):8-14.[Hu Zhaoliang, Wang Enyong, Han Maoli. The characteristics of the distribution of the talented persons in China[J]. Economic Geography, 1998,18(1):8-14.]
[29]
朱翔.中国人才时期与人才地理研究[J].人文地理,2001,16(5):11-15.[Zhu Xiang. Study on talent periods and talent geography of China[J]. Human Geography, 2001,16(5):11-15.]
[28]
胡兆量,王恩涌,韩茂莉.中国人才地理特征[J].经济地理,1998,18(1):8-14.[Hu Zhaoliang, Wang Enyong, Han Maoli. The characteristics of the distribution of the talented persons in China[J]. Economic Geography, 1998,18(1):8-14.]
[29]
朱翔.中国人才时期与人才地理研究[J].人文地理,2001,16(5):11-15.[Zhu Xiang. Study on talent periods and talent geography of China[J]. Human Geography, 2001,16(5):11-15.]
[21]
Baltzopoulos A, Broström A. Attractors of entrepreneurial activity:Universities, regions and alumni entrepreneurs[J]. Regional Studies, 2011,47(6):934-949.
刘超,吴殿廷,顾苏丹,等.高级人才成材因素的初步研究——中国科学院院士成材背景的统计分析[J].人文地理,2004,19(5):64-68, 59.[Liu Chao, Wu Dianting, Gu Sudan, et al. Preliminary study of the factors on senior intellectuals' success:Statistic analysis of the success background of members in Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)[J]. Human Geography, 2004,19(5):64-68,59.]
[30]
刘超,吴殿廷,顾苏丹,等.高级人才成材因素的初步研究——中国科学院院士成材背景的统计分析[J].人文地理,2004,19(5):64-68, 59.[Liu Chao, Wu Dianting, Gu Sudan, et al. Preliminary study of the factors on senior intellectuals' success:Statistic analysis of the success background of members in Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)[J]. Human Geography, 2004,19(5):64-68,59.]
[31]
李瑞,吴殿廷,鲍捷,等.高级科学人才集聚成长的时空格局演化及其驱动机制——基于中国科学院院士的典型分析[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(7):1123-1138.[Li Rui, Wu Dianting, Bao Jie, et al. Evolution of temporal and spatial pattern and driving mechanisms of agglomerative growth of senior science talents:A case study of academicians of CAS[J]. Progress in Geography, 2013,32(7):1123-1138.]
[31]
李瑞,吴殿廷,鲍捷,等.高级科学人才集聚成长的时空格局演化及其驱动机制——基于中国科学院院士的典型分析[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(7):1123-1138.[Li Rui, Wu Dianting, Bao Jie, et al. Evolution of temporal and spatial pattern and driving mechanisms of agglomerative growth of senior science talents:A case study of academicians of CAS[J]. Progress in Geography, 2013,32(7):1123-1138.]
[26]
Helsley R W, Strange W C. Entrepreneurs and cities:Complexity, thickness and balance[J]. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 2011,41(6):550-559.
[27]
奚曦,张继彤.创业企业行业分布与区域分布特征分析——以创业板上市企业为例[J].特区经济,2013(8):61-63.[Xi Xi, Zhang Jitong. Analysis of industry distribution and regional distribution characteristics of entrepreneurial enterprises[J]. Special Zone Economy, 2013(8):61-63.]
[28]
胡兆量,王恩涌,韩茂莉.中国人才地理特征[J].经济地理,1998,18(1):8-14.[Hu Zhaoliang, Wang Enyong, Han Maoli. The characteristics of the distribution of the talented persons in China[J]. Economic Geography, 1998,18(1):8-14.]
[29]
朱翔.中国人才时期与人才地理研究[J].人文地理,2001,16(5):11-15.[Zhu Xiang. Study on talent periods and talent geography of China[J]. Human Geography, 2001,16(5):11-15.]
[23]
Steyaert C, Katz J. Reclaiming the space of entrepreneurship in society:Geographical, discursive and social dimensions[J]. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 2004,16(3):179-96.
[30]
刘超,吴殿廷,顾苏丹,等.高级人才成材因素的初步研究——中国科学院院士成材背景的统计分析[J].人文地理,2004,19(5):64-68, 59.[Liu Chao, Wu Dianting, Gu Sudan, et al. Preliminary study of the factors on senior intellectuals' success:Statistic analysis of the success background of members in Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)[J]. Human Geography, 2004,19(5):64-68,59.]
[31]
李瑞,吴殿廷,鲍捷,等.高级科学人才集聚成长的时空格局演化及其驱动机制——基于中国科学院院士的典型分析[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(7):1123-1138.[Li Rui, Wu Dianting, Bao Jie, et al. Evolution of temporal and spatial pattern and driving mechanisms of agglomerative growth of senior science talents:A case study of academicians of CAS[J]. Progress in Geography, 2013,32(7):1123-1138.]
[32]
Saxenian A. From brain drain to brain circulation:Transnational communities and regional upgrading in India and China[J]. Comparative International Development, 2012,40(2):35-61.
[32]
Saxenian A. From brain drain to brain circulation:Transnational communities and regional upgrading in India and China[J]. Comparative International Development, 2012,40(2):35-61.
[33]
马海涛.基于人才流动的城市网络关系构建[J].地理研究,2017,36(1):161-170.[Ma Haitao. Triangle model of Chinese returnees:A tentative methodfor city networks based on talent flows[J]. Geographical Research, 2017,36(1):161-170.]
[33]
马海涛.基于人才流动的城市网络关系构建[J].地理研究,2017,36(1):161-170.[Ma Haitao. Triangle model of Chinese returnees:A tentative methodfor city networks based on talent flows[J]. Geographical Research, 2017,36(1):161-170.]
[32]
Saxenian A. From brain drain to brain circulation:Transnational communities and regional upgrading in India and China[J]. Comparative International Development, 2012,40(2):35-61.
[33]
马海涛.基于人才流动的城市网络关系构建[J].地理研究,2017,36(1):161-170.[Ma Haitao. Triangle model of Chinese returnees:A tentative methodfor city networks based on talent flows[J]. Geographical Research, 2017,36(1):161-170.]
[34]
Beaverstock J V, Smith R G, Taylor P J. Globalization and world cities:Some measurement methodologies[J]. Applied Geography, 2000,20(1):43-63.
[34]
Beaverstock J V, Smith R G, Taylor P J. Globalization and world cities:Some measurement methodologies[J]. Applied Geography, 2000,20(1):43-63.
[24]
Smith B R, Stevens C E. Different types of social entrepreneurship:The role of geography and embeddedness on the measurement and scaling of social value[J]. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 2010,22(6):575-598.
[34]
Beaverstock J V, Smith R G, Taylor P J. Globalization and world cities:Some measurement methodologies[J]. Applied Geography, 2000,20(1):43-63.
[35]
Newman M. The structure and function of complex networks[J]. SIAM Review, 2003,45(2):167-256.
[35]
Newman M. The structure and function of complex networks[J]. SIAM Review, 2003,45(2):167-256.
[25]
Glaeser E L, Kerr W R. Local industrial conditions and entrepreneurship:How much of the spatial distribution can we explain?[J]. Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 2009,18(3):623-663.
[35]
Newman M. The structure and function of complex networks[J]. SIAM Review, 2003,45(2):167-256.
[36]
Ferrary M, Granovetter M. The role of venture capital firms in Silicon Valley's complex innovation network[J]. Economy and Society, 2009,38(2):326-359.
[36]
Ferrary M, Granovetter M. The role of venture capital firms in Silicon Valley's complex innovation network[J]. Economy and Society, 2009,38(2):326-359.
[37]
段德忠,刘承良,杜德斌,等.基于二分网络的北京公交线路布局的空间依赖性[J]. 地理学报,2016,71(12):2185-2198.[Duan Dezhong, Liu Chengliang, Du Debin, et al. Spatial dependency of busline distribution based on bipartite network:A case study of Beijing city[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016,71(12):2185-2198.]
[37]
段德忠,刘承良,杜德斌,等.基于二分网络的北京公交线路布局的空间依赖性[J]. 地理学报,2016,71(12):2185-2198.[Duan Dezhong, Liu Chengliang, Du Debin, et al. Spatial dependency of busline distribution based on bipartite network:A case study of Beijing city[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016,71(12):2185-2198.]
[26]
Helsley R W, Strange W C. Entrepreneurs and cities:Complexity, thickness and balance[J]. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 2011,41(6):550-559.
[27]
奚曦,张继彤.创业企业行业分布与区域分布特征分析——以创业板上市企业为例[J].特区经济,2013(8):61-63.[Xi Xi, Zhang Jitong. Analysis of industry distribution and regional distribution characteristics of entrepreneurial enterprises[J]. Special Zone Economy, 2013(8):61-63.]
[28]
胡兆量,王恩涌,韩茂莉.中国人才地理特征[J].经济地理,1998,18(1):8-14.[Hu Zhaoliang, Wang Enyong, Han Maoli. The characteristics of the distribution of the talented persons in China[J]. Economic Geography, 1998,18(1):8-14.]
[29]
朱翔.中国人才时期与人才地理研究[J].人文地理,2001,16(5):11-15.[Zhu Xiang. Study on talent periods and talent geography of China[J]. Human Geography, 2001,16(5):11-15.]
[30]
刘超,吴殿廷,顾苏丹,等.高级人才成材因素的初步研究——中国科学院院士成材背景的统计分析[J].人文地理,2004,19(5):64-68, 59.[Liu Chao, Wu Dianting, Gu Sudan, et al. Preliminary study of the factors on senior intellectuals' success:Statistic analysis of the success background of members in Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)[J]. Human Geography, 2004,19(5):64-68,59.]
[31]
李瑞,吴殿廷,鲍捷,等.高级科学人才集聚成长的时空格局演化及其驱动机制——基于中国科学院院士的典型分析[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(7):1123-1138.[Li Rui, Wu Dianting, Bao Jie, et al. Evolution of temporal and spatial pattern and driving mechanisms of agglomerative growth of senior science talents:A case study of academicians of CAS[J]. Progress in Geography, 2013,32(7):1123-1138.]
[36]
Ferrary M, Granovetter M. The role of venture capital firms in Silicon Valley's complex innovation network[J]. Economy and Society, 2009,38(2):326-359.
[37]
段德忠,刘承良,杜德斌,等.基于二分网络的北京公交线路布局的空间依赖性[J]. 地理学报,2016,71(12):2185-2198.[Duan Dezhong, Liu Chengliang, Du Debin, et al. Spatial dependency of busline distribution based on bipartite network:A case study of Beijing city[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016,71(12):2185-2198.]
[38]
Sen P, Dasgupta S, Chatterjee A, et al. Small-world properties of the Indian railway network[J]. Physical Review E, 2003,67(3):036106.
[38]
Sen P, Dasgupta S, Chatterjee A, et al. Small-world properties of the Indian railway network[J]. Physical Review E, 2003,67(3):036106.
[32]
Saxenian A. From brain drain to brain circulation:Transnational communities and regional upgrading in India and China[J]. Comparative International Development, 2012,40(2):35-61.
[33]
马海涛.基于人才流动的城市网络关系构建[J].地理研究,2017,36(1):161-170.[Ma Haitao. Triangle model of Chinese returnees:A tentative methodfor city networks based on talent flows[J]. Geographical Research, 2017,36(1):161-170.]
[38]
Sen P, Dasgupta S, Chatterjee A, et al. Small-world properties of the Indian railway network[J]. Physical Review E, 2003,67(3):036106.
[34]
Beaverstock J V, Smith R G, Taylor P J. Globalization and world cities:Some measurement methodologies[J]. Applied Geography, 2000,20(1):43-63.
[35]
Newman M. The structure and function of complex networks[J]. SIAM Review, 2003,45(2):167-256.
[36]
Ferrary M, Granovetter M. The role of venture capital firms in Silicon Valley's complex innovation network[J]. Economy and Society, 2009,38(2):326-359.
[37]
段德忠,刘承良,杜德斌,等.基于二分网络的北京公交线路布局的空间依赖性[J]. 地理学报,2016,71(12):2185-2198.[Duan Dezhong, Liu Chengliang, Du Debin, et al. Spatial dependency of busline distribution based on bipartite network:A case study of Beijing city[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016,71(12):2185-2198.]
[38]
Sen P, Dasgupta S, Chatterjee A, et al. Small-world properties of the Indian railway network[J]. Physical Review E, 2003,67(3):036106.
