基于第三次和第五次全国人口普查数据,采用因子生态分析方法,对1982年和2000年的上海社会空间结构以及改革开放以来上海社会空间结构演化的特征与趋势进行了研究。结果显示,1982年上海社会空间结构模式相对简单,市区和郊区各自具有较强的同质性;2000年社会空间结构则趋于复杂,异质性特征明显增强,各类社会区间的圈层分布成为主导模式,并呈现指状空间扩散特征。在此基础上,论文从能动者和结构两个层面揭示了上海社会空间结构演化的内在机制。

Based on data of the third census of Shanghai in 1982 and of the fifth census in 2000, with method of Factor Analysis, the paper analyzes the characters and trends of Shanghai's social space structure (SSS) and its evolution. In 1982, the main components of social space in Shanghai included:blue-collar workers and agricultural population, population of intellectuals and white-collar workers, density of population; and five types of social areas were identified:1) the old city zone with high population density; 2) intellectual and white-collar areas; 3) blue-collar areas; 4) agricultural areas; and 5) agricultural areas with industrial production. The paper also finds that in 2000, the main components of social space in Shanghai included the followings:white-collar workers and agricultural population, housing condition, blue-collar workers, aging population and floating population; and six types of social areas were identified:1) white-collar areas; 2) industrial production areas in the outer suburbs; 3) poor housing conditions and aging areas; 4) farm areas with high density of floating population; 5) agricultural areas in the outer suburbs; and 6) industrial production areas in the inner suburbs with high density of floating population. Accordingly, the paper extracts the model of SSS in 1982 and 2000, and holds that the main components, types and models of social areas and the causal mechanisms of SSS of Shanghai in 2000 changed much, compared with those in 1982. The former was very simple while the later turned more complex. Finally, the paper proposes a comprehensive explanation in two levels of "structure" and "agency", for the causal mechanisms of SSS evolution in Shanghai. The findings show that urban land and housing market as well as urban planning had profound impacts on urban SSS. As a whole, the paper concludes that the casual mechanism of urban SSS evolution is a producing process of space via the behavior of the residents' housing choice during the transformation of urban social structure.