世界遗产地的旅游发展给遗产地带来的影响日益受到众多学者的关注。利用实证调查与相关统计分析,比较分析平遥古城和丽江古城两地居民对旅游发展的感知与态度。研究发现处于不同旅游发展阶段的世界遗产地居民对旅游的感知与态度存在显著差异,居民对旅游正面影响的感知与旅游的发展水平成正相关,反之,负面影响感知与旅游的发展水平成负相关;研究结果从居民角度还反映出当今旅游地旅游收益分配机制存在的不公现象。

Residents of the World Heritage destinations have witnessed the development process of World Heritage tourism. Therefore, to survey the residents is a good way to understand the impact that tourism industry has caused. In foreign countries, there are many scholars who have conducted a large number of empirical researches on residents' perception and attitudes toward tourism and resulted in many amazing findings. With quantity research method, the authors made empirical survey, handing out questionnaires on the spot to households and interviewing some residents, employees in tourism enterprises and the department concerning tourism. The questionnaire was made up of tow parts: the former part was the main body of the questionnaire and a 25-item scale of resident attitudes toward tourism was administered to households of the two ancient cities. The latter part was the information about residents' demography and other statistics. Three hundred questionnaires were sent to two destinations' households and 283 questionnaires and 279 questionnaires were drawn back respectively. Mean and T test were made using SPSS 1.50 to analyze and understand residents' perceptions and attitudes toward tourism impacts. The authors found that there are instinctive difference of residents' perceptions and attitudes between Pingyan & Lijiang. The findings reflected that nowadays there are some unfair phenomena in the tourism revenue distribution system from the perspective of residents. During the development of tourism, developers and business operators realized their maximum benefit and tourists also realized their greatest satisfaction while local residents saw benefit from tourism. But they have to endure the most negative impacts caused by tourism. The decision and policies of developing tourism are made by local governments who seldom consider residents' benefits. Resident is one of important stakeholders and their receptiveness to both visitors and tourism development plays an important role in attracting and pleasing visitors. Only by concerning with residents' benefits and letting them share the tourism benefits can the World Heritage tourism make its sustainable way and economy, socio-culture and environment finally realize harmonized effects.