在快速城市化的当今,公共健康已成为各国尤其是发展中国家的突出问题。城市人口急速增加、城市建成区快速高密度蔓延,加之汽车入侵、城市结构及居住模式的改变,供儿童日常活动的户外公共空间越来越有限,儿童体质20年来持续下降,儿童能否在城市中健康成长成为维系中国家庭及整个社会稳定与可持续发展最具挑战的课题之一。文章对国内外户外环境中的儿童体力活动研究及实践进展进行了综述,国内外已有研究主要集中四个方面:(1)运用多种测量方法对儿童体力活动水平进行调查研究;(2)宏观尺度的城市儿童户外活动空间结构空间分异研究以及儿童游戏场地设计分析;(3)具体的户外环境因子对儿童体力活动的影响研究;(4)儿童对户外环境中的体力活动机会感知等四个方面。文章最后提出促进城市户外环境中的儿童体力活动应进一步研究的方向,包括环境因素对体力活动类型及体力活动强度影响、户外物理环境因子如温度、风速、日照等对儿童体力活动的影响、儿童与父母对户外环境及活动机会感知差异以及儿童户外环境感知偏好研究等。

With the rapid increase of urbanization in recent years, public health has become one of the prominent problems in all countries and developing nations in particular. This article reviews the latest research in children's physical activity in outdoor environments. The existing research on this topic mainly focuses on the following four aspects:1) applying multiple measurement methods including the motion sensor method, action observation, and physical activity questionnaires to investigate the level of children's physical activity; 2) the Study on Children's outdoor spatial system planning and design including research on the spatial differentiation of urban children's outdoor physical activity spatial structure at the city scale and children's playground design at the site scale; 3) the influence of the outdoor environment on children's physical activity including the influence of specific urban planning and land use planning factors and the influence of specific environmental design factors; 4) children's perception of the opportunities for physical activity in the outdoor environment. Finally, this article indicates the further studies that should include influences of specific public open space factors on children's physical activity type and physical activity level; influences of outdoor physical environmental factors on the opportunity of children's physical activity etc.