沈阳铁西区是在计划经济体制下形成的国内外著名的城市老工业区,1986年国务院批准为国家计划中唯一的区域性改造试点工程。但长期的技术改造为主策略并未使沈阳铁西工业区摆脱困境。2002年沈阳铁西区和沈阳经济技术开发区合署办公,为铁西工业区改造提供了新的制度动力。本文简要回顾了沈阳铁西区发展改造历程,重点分析了沈阳铁西工业区改造取得突破的制度和文化原因,讨论了"铁西模式"的内在逻辑和潜在问题及其对其它城市老工业区改造的启示。

Shenyang Tiexi Industrial Zone (STIZ) was a well-known old industrial zone in the past both domestically and overseas, because it used to have 300 thousand workers and hundreds of heavy industrial factories in a 39.5km2 build-up area in the west of Shenyang. STIZ played a key role in the state economy before reform and opening up. But, after that time, STIZ was confronted with very intricate problems such as upgrading industrial technology, adjusting industrial structure, restructuring state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and settling down hundreds of thousands of laid-off workers and so on. In 1986, the State Council approved STIZ to be one and only state-level experimental zone for reconstructing SOEs. However, technology-led countermeasures had not made big achievement until late 1990s. In 2002, Shenyang Municipal Government merged STIZ with Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone (SETDZ), more than 100 SOEs were moved to SETDZ. The author generalizes the "Tiexi Model" that consists of 4 key links for a dynamic cycle:1) the merger of STIZ with SETDZ has provided more development opportunity owing to a much better institutional endowments; 2) during this course, the out-moved SOEs fulfilled the aims of adjusting industrial structure, upgrading technology and establishing new system;3) the priorities were given to coping with reemployment and historic debts by land exchanging; and 4) the treatment of the derelict lands was to attract new investors in finance and real estate industries etc., which further increased a large number of working places. Comparatively, it is also very significant that Tiexi district has been undergoing substantial cultural and conceptual transitions in this reconstruction process. All these mentioned are factors pushing the reconstruction project forward. The key implications from Tiexi Model are that the institutional innovation is the break through point in the reconstruction of the old industrial district especially with hundreds of SOEs; this kind of reconstruction is a very complicated social restructuring project rather than physical environment redevelopment; to build a harmonious community has been proved to be a key guarantee for a successful reconstruction programme.