PRODUCTION OF ABNORMAL SPACES: IMPLICATIONS OF FOUCAULDIAN STUDIES FOR CHINESE POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY
WANG Feng-long1,2, LIU Yun-gang3,4
1. The Center for Modern Chinese City Studies, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;
2. Institute of Urban Development and Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;
3. School of Geography Sciences and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
4. Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
Abstract:Foucault's works is quite influential in Anglophone geography in recent years. His research on power relations and governmentality provides an alternative perspective to interpret the various political devices in the West and is quite popular in recent studies. However, much less attention has been paid to Foucauldian research in Chinese geography. This paper tries to narrow this gap by introducing and developing Foucault's thoughts on power relations and abnormality. It is argued that Foucault's studies on power relations and abnormality in terms of insanity, illness and madness are intertwined. On the one hand, the diagnosis and regulation of the abnormal are linked to and guaranteed by forceful power relations; on the other hand, the operation and legitimization of power are also often based on the knowledge of abnormality. Focusing on the production of abnormal spaces, this paper provides a theoretical framework on the interactions between abnormal spaces and power relations, in which power practices are legitimized and interventions of population or space are necessitated through differentiation, probabilization and professionalization.
王丰龙, 刘云刚. 异端空间的生产——福柯对中国政治地理学研究的启示[J]. 人文地理, 2017, 32(2): 1-8.
WANG Feng-long, LIU Yun-gang. PRODUCTION OF ABNORMAL SPACES: IMPLICATIONS OF FOUCAULDIAN STUDIES FOR CHINESE POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, 2017, 32(2): 1-8.
Foucault M. Discipline & Punish: The Birth of the Prison[M]. New York: Vintage Books, 1995:1-333.
[7]
Foucault M. Psychiatric Power: Lectures at the College de France (1973-1974)[M]. Davidson A I (Ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006:1-382.
[13]
莫伟民.福柯思想渊源梳理[J].云南大学学报(社会科学版), 2005 (5):12-19. [Mo Weimin. A study of the origins of Foucault's ideas[J]. Journal of Yunnan University, 2005(5):12-19.]
[2]
Foucault M. Society Must Be Defended: Lectures at the Collége de France, 1975-1976[M]. New York: Picador, 2003: 1-310.
[8]
Foucault M. Abnormal: Lectures at the Collége de France, 1974-1975[M]. New York: Picador, 2004:1-374.
[3]
Foucault M. The subject and power[J]. Critical Inquiry, 1982,8(4): 777-795.
[14]
许婉璞,张波.福柯:解构传统历史观与知识论的哲学谱系学[J]. 河北师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006,29(5):53-57. [XuWanpu, Zhang Bo. Foucault on pedigree of philosophy over historical view[J]. Journal of Hebei Normal University, 2006,29(5):53-57.]
[9]
Foucault M. Ethics, Subjectivity and Truth: Essential Works of Michel Foucault, Vol. 1[M]. New York: The New Press, 1998:1-334.
[4]
Foucault M. The History of Sexuality Volume I: An Introduction[M]. New York: Vintage, 1990:1-168.
[15]
吴奇.福柯,尼采谱系学[J]. 华中科技大学学报(社会科学版), 2007 (6):21-24. [Wu Qi. Foucanlt, Nietzsche and genealogy[J]. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2007 (6):21-24.]
[10]
Foucault M. Aesthetics, Method, and Epistemology: Essential works of Foucault, 1954-1984, Vol. 2[M]. New York: The New Press, 1999:1-486.
[5]
Foucault M. Folie et Déraison: Histoire de la Folie à l'âge Classique[M]. Paris: Plon, 1961:1-673.
[16]
毛升.可疑的真理——福柯“谱系学”之评析[J].广西师范大学学 报(哲学社会科学版),2005,41(3):37-39. [Mao Sheng. The questionable truth: A critical study of Michel Foucault's genealogy[J]. Journal of Guangxi Normal University, 2005,41(3):37-39.]
[11]
Foucault M. Power: Essential Works of Foucault (1954-1984), Vol. 3[M]. Rabinow P (Ed.). Hurley R (Trans.). New York: The New Press, 2001:1-483.
[6]
Foucault M. Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason[M]. New York: Vintage, 1988:1-299.
[17]
汪民安.疯癫与结构:福柯与德里达之争[J].外国文学研究,2002 (3):1-7. [Wang Minan. Insanity and structure: The Foucault Derrida debate[J]. Foreign Literature Studies, 2002(3):1-7.]
Foucault M. Psychiatric Power: Lectures at the College de France (1973-1974)[M]. Davidson A I (Ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006:1-382.
[18]
吴奇.福柯的疯癫史[J].中国社会科学院研究生院学报,2003(5):9-11. [Wu Qi. Foucault's history of insanity[J]. Academic Journal Graduate School Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 2003(5):9-11.]
[13]
莫伟民.福柯思想渊源梳理[J].云南大学学报(社会科学版), 2005 (5):12-19. [Mo Weimin. A study of the origins of Foucault's ideas[J]. Journal of Yunnan University, 2005(5):12-19.]
[8]
Foucault M. Abnormal: Lectures at the Collége de France, 1974-1975[M]. New York: Picador, 2004:1-374.
[19]
Foucault M. The Birth of Biopolitics: Lectures at the Collége de France, 1978-1979[M]. London: Palgrave, 2008:1-346.
[14]
许婉璞,张波.福柯:解构传统历史观与知识论的哲学谱系学[J]. 河北师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006,29(5):53-57. [XuWanpu, Zhang Bo. Foucault on pedigree of philosophy over historical view[J]. Journal of Hebei Normal University, 2006,29(5):53-57.]
[9]
Foucault M. Ethics, Subjectivity and Truth: Essential Works of Michel Foucault, Vol. 1[M]. New York: The New Press, 1998:1-334.
[20]
Foucault M. Security, Territory, Population: Lectures at the College de France (1977-1978) [M]. London: Palgrave, 2007:1-552.
[15]
吴奇.福柯,尼采谱系学[J]. 华中科技大学学报(社会科学版), 2007 (6):21-24. [Wu Qi. Foucanlt, Nietzsche and genealogy[J]. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2007 (6):21-24.]
[21]
Elden S. Governmentality, calculation, territory[J]. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 2007,25(3):562-580.
[22]
王丰龙,刘云刚.治理术与地理学:研究述评与展望[J].人文地理, 2015,30(5):1-8. [Wang Fenglong, Liu Yungang. Governmentality and geography: Review and prospect[J]. Human Geography, 2015, 30(5):1-8.]
[10]
Foucault M. Aesthetics, Method, and Epistemology: Essential works of Foucault, 1954-1984, Vol. 2[M]. New York: The New Press, 1999:1-486.
[16]
毛升.可疑的真理——福柯“谱系学”之评析[J].广西师范大学学 报(哲学社会科学版),2005,41(3):37-39. [Mao Sheng. The questionable truth: A critical study of Michel Foucault's genealogy[J]. Journal of Guangxi Normal University, 2005,41(3):37-39.]
[23]
林光祺“. 不正常的人”及其控制:精神病学权力的普遍化——解 读福柯《不正常的人》[J].医学与哲学(人文社会医学版),2006,27 (9):44-45. [Lin Guangqi. The abnormal and control over them[J]. Medicine & Philosophy, 2006,27(9):44-45.]
[11]
Foucault M. Power: Essential Works of Foucault (1954-1984), Vol. 3[M]. Rabinow P (Ed.). Hurley R (Trans.). New York: The New Press, 2001:1-483.
[17]
汪民安.疯癫与结构:福柯与德里达之争[J].外国文学研究,2002 (3):1-7. [Wang Minan. Insanity and structure: The Foucault Derrida debate[J]. Foreign Literature Studies, 2002(3):1-7.]
[24]
Hall S. Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices[M]. London: Sage, 1997:1-387.
吴奇.福柯的疯癫史[J].中国社会科学院研究生院学报,2003(5):9-11. [Wu Qi. Foucault's history of insanity[J]. Academic Journal Graduate School Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 2003(5):9-11.]
[25]
周宪. 福柯话语理论批判[J]. 文艺理论研究,2013(1):121-129.[Zhou Xian. Critique of Foucault's theory of discourse[J]. Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art, 2013(1):121-129.]
[13]
莫伟民.福柯思想渊源梳理[J].云南大学学报(社会科学版), 2005 (5):12-19. [Mo Weimin. A study of the origins of Foucault's ideas[J]. Journal of Yunnan University, 2005(5):12-19.]
[19]
Foucault M. The Birth of Biopolitics: Lectures at the Collége de France, 1978-1979[M]. London: Palgrave, 2008:1-346.
[26]
Foucault M. Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972-1977[M]. New York: Pantheon, 1980:1-270.
[14]
许婉璞,张波.福柯:解构传统历史观与知识论的哲学谱系学[J]. 河北师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006,29(5):53-57. [XuWanpu, Zhang Bo. Foucault on pedigree of philosophy over historical view[J]. Journal of Hebei Normal University, 2006,29(5):53-57.]
[20]
Foucault M. Security, Territory, Population: Lectures at the College de France (1977-1978) [M]. London: Palgrave, 2007:1-552.
[27]
Dean M. The Malthus effect: Population and the liberal government of life[J]. Economy and Society, 2015,44(1):18-39.
[15]
吴奇.福柯,尼采谱系学[J]. 华中科技大学学报(社会科学版), 2007 (6):21-24. [Wu Qi. Foucanlt, Nietzsche and genealogy[J]. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2007 (6):21-24.]
[21]
Elden S. Governmentality, calculation, territory[J]. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 2007,25(3):562-580.
[22]
王丰龙,刘云刚.治理术与地理学:研究述评与展望[J].人文地理, 2015,30(5):1-8. [Wang Fenglong, Liu Yungang. Governmentality and geography: Review and prospect[J]. Human Geography, 2015, 30(5):1-8.]
[28]
Dean M. Governmentality: Power and Rule in Modern Society[M]. London: Sage, 2010:1-294.
[16]
毛升.可疑的真理——福柯“谱系学”之评析[J].广西师范大学学 报(哲学社会科学版),2005,41(3):37-39. [Mao Sheng. The questionable truth: A critical study of Michel Foucault's genealogy[J]. Journal of Guangxi Normal University, 2005,41(3):37-39.]
[23]
林光祺“. 不正常的人”及其控制:精神病学权力的普遍化——解 读福柯《不正常的人》[J].医学与哲学(人文社会医学版),2006,27 (9):44-45. [Lin Guangqi. The abnormal and control over them[J]. Medicine & Philosophy, 2006,27(9):44-45.]
[29]
Elden S. How should we do the history of territory?[J]. Territory, Politics, Governance, 2013,1(1):5-20.
[17]
汪民安.疯癫与结构:福柯与德里达之争[J].外国文学研究,2002 (3):1-7. [Wang Minan. Insanity and structure: The Foucault Derrida debate[J]. Foreign Literature Studies, 2002(3):1-7.]
[24]
Hall S. Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices[M]. London: Sage, 1997:1-387.
[30]
王丰龙,刘云刚.空间生产再考:从哈维到福柯[J].地理科学,2013, 33(11):1293-1301. [Wang Fenglong, Liu Yungang. Revisiting production of space: From Harvey to Foucault[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2013,33(11):1293-1301.]
[18]
吴奇.福柯的疯癫史[J].中国社会科学院研究生院学报,2003(5):9-11. [Wu Qi. Foucault's history of insanity[J]. Academic Journal Graduate School Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 2003(5):9-11.]
[25]
周宪. 福柯话语理论批判[J]. 文艺理论研究,2013(1):121-129.[Zhou Xian. Critique of Foucault's theory of discourse[J]. Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art, 2013(1):121-129.]
[31]
Hobsbawm E, Ranger T. The Invention of Tradition[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983:1-320.
[19]
Foucault M. The Birth of Biopolitics: Lectures at the Collége de France, 1978-1979[M]. London: Palgrave, 2008:1-346.
[26]
Foucault M. Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972-1977[M]. New York: Pantheon, 1980:1-270.
[32]
唐晓峰.从混沌到秩序:中国上古地理思想史述论[M].北京:中华 书局,2010:1-322. [Tang Xiaofeng. From Chaos to Order: Palaeoid Geographical Thought in China[M]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 2010:1-322.]
[20]
Foucault M. Security, Territory, Population: Lectures at the College de France (1977-1978) [M]. London: Palgrave, 2007:1-552.
[27]
Dean M. The Malthus effect: Population and the liberal government of life[J]. Economy and Society, 2015,44(1):18-39.
[33]
罗小龙,沈建法.跨界的城市增长——以江阴经济开发区靖江园 区为例[J].地理学报,2006,61(4):435-445. [Luo Xiaolong, Shen Jianfa. Urban growth between cities: The case of Jiangyin economic development zone in Jingjiang[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61(4):435-445.]
[21]
Elden S. Governmentality, calculation, territory[J]. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 2007,25(3):562-580.
[22]
王丰龙,刘云刚.治理术与地理学:研究述评与展望[J].人文地理, 2015,30(5):1-8. [Wang Fenglong, Liu Yungang. Governmentality and geography: Review and prospect[J]. Human Geography, 2015, 30(5):1-8.]
[28]
Dean M. Governmentality: Power and Rule in Modern Society[M]. London: Sage, 2010:1-294.
[34]
张京祥,陈浩,胡嘉佩.中国城市空间开发中的柔性尺度调整—— 南京河西新城区的实证研究[J]. 城市规划,2014,38(1):43-49.[Zhang Jingxiang, Chen Hao, Hu Jiapei. Flexible rescaling during the development of urban space in China: A case study on Hexi new town in Nanjing[J]. City Planning Review, 2014,38(1):43-49.]
[23]
林光祺“. 不正常的人”及其控制:精神病学权力的普遍化——解 读福柯《不正常的人》[J].医学与哲学(人文社会医学版),2006,27 (9):44-45. [Lin Guangqi. The abnormal and control over them[J]. Medicine & Philosophy, 2006,27(9):44-45.]
[29]
Elden S. How should we do the history of territory?[J]. Territory, Politics, Governance, 2013,1(1):5-20.
[35]
晁恒,林雄斌,李贵才.尺度重构视角下国家级新区“多规合一”的 特征与实现途径[J]. 城市发展研究,2015,22(3):11-18. [Chao Heng, Lin Xiongbin, Li Guicai. Study on characteristics and strategies of multiple plans' integration of national new areas under the context of scale rescaling[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2015,22 (3):11-18.]
[24]
Hall S. Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices[M]. London: Sage, 1997:1-387.
[30]
王丰龙,刘云刚.空间生产再考:从哈维到福柯[J].地理科学,2013, 33(11):1293-1301. [Wang Fenglong, Liu Yungang. Revisiting production of space: From Harvey to Foucault[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2013,33(11):1293-1301.]
[36]
王丰龙,刘云刚.尺度概念的演化与尺度的本质:基于二次抽象的 尺度认识论[J].人文地理,2015,30(1):9-15. [Wang Fenglong, Liu Yungang. An analytical framework of scale based on second abstraction[ J]. Human Geography, 2015,30(1):9-15.]
[25]
周宪. 福柯话语理论批判[J]. 文艺理论研究,2013(1):121-129.[Zhou Xian. Critique of Foucault's theory of discourse[J]. Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art, 2013(1):121-129.]
[31]
Hobsbawm E, Ranger T. The Invention of Tradition[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983:1-320.
[37]
朱竑,钱俊希,吕旭萍.城市空间变迁背景下的地方感知与身份认 同研究——以广州小洲村为例[J].地理科学,2012,32(1):18-24.[Zhu Hong, Qian Junxi, Lu Xuping. Place identity and sense of place in the context of urban spatial transformation: A case study of Xiaozhou village in Guangzhou, China[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2012,32(1):18-24.]
[26]
Foucault M. Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972-1977[M]. New York: Pantheon, 1980:1-270.
[32]
唐晓峰.从混沌到秩序:中国上古地理思想史述论[M].北京:中华 书局,2010:1-322. [Tang Xiaofeng. From Chaos to Order: Palaeoid Geographical Thought in China[M]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 2010:1-322.]
[38]
赵向光,李志刚.中国大城市新移民的地方认同与融入[J].城市规 划,2013,37(12):22-29. [Zhao Xiangguang, Li Zhigang. Study on place identity of new migrants in urban China[J]. City Planning Review, 2013,37(12):22-29.]
[27]
Dean M. The Malthus effect: Population and the liberal government of life[J]. Economy and Society, 2015,44(1):18-39.
[33]
罗小龙,沈建法.跨界的城市增长——以江阴经济开发区靖江园 区为例[J].地理学报,2006,61(4):435-445. [Luo Xiaolong, Shen Jianfa. Urban growth between cities: The case of Jiangyin economic development zone in Jingjiang[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61(4):435-445.]
[39]
Taylor P J, Flint C. Political Geography: World-system, Nationstate and Locality[M]. New York: Prentice Hall, 2007:1-335.
[28]
Dean M. Governmentality: Power and Rule in Modern Society[M]. London: Sage, 2010:1-294.
[34]
张京祥,陈浩,胡嘉佩.中国城市空间开发中的柔性尺度调整—— 南京河西新城区的实证研究[J]. 城市规划,2014,38(1):43-49.[Zhang Jingxiang, Chen Hao, Hu Jiapei. Flexible rescaling during the development of urban space in China: A case study on Hexi new town in Nanjing[J]. City Planning Review, 2014,38(1):43-49.]
[29]
Elden S. How should we do the history of territory?[J]. Territory, Politics, Governance, 2013,1(1):5-20.
[40]
李志刚,杜枫.中国大城市的外国人“族裔经济区”研究——对广 州“巧克力城”的实证[J].人文地理,2012,27(6):1-6. [Li Zhigang, Du Feng. The transnational making of 'Chocolate City' in Guangzhou[ J]. Human Geography, 2012,27(6):1-6.]
[35]
晁恒,林雄斌,李贵才.尺度重构视角下国家级新区“多规合一”的 特征与实现途径[J]. 城市发展研究,2015,22(3):11-18. [Chao Heng, Lin Xiongbin, Li Guicai. Study on characteristics and strategies of multiple plans' integration of national new areas under the context of scale rescaling[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2015,22 (3):11-18.]
[41]
Haarstad H, Fløysand A. Globalization and the power of rescaled narratives: A case of opposition to mining in Tambogrande, Peru[J]. Political Geography, 2007,26(3):289-308.
[30]
王丰龙,刘云刚.空间生产再考:从哈维到福柯[J].地理科学,2013, 33(11):1293-1301. [Wang Fenglong, Liu Yungang. Revisiting production of space: From Harvey to Foucault[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2013,33(11):1293-1301.]
[36]
王丰龙,刘云刚.尺度概念的演化与尺度的本质:基于二次抽象的 尺度认识论[J].人文地理,2015,30(1):9-15. [Wang Fenglong, Liu Yungang. An analytical framework of scale based on second abstraction[ J]. Human Geography, 2015,30(1):9-15.]
[42]
Tversky A, Kahneman D. Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases[J]. Science, 1974,185(4157):1124-1131.
[31]
Hobsbawm E, Ranger T. The Invention of Tradition[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983:1-320.
[37]
朱竑,钱俊希,吕旭萍.城市空间变迁背景下的地方感知与身份认 同研究——以广州小洲村为例[J].地理科学,2012,32(1):18-24.[Zhu Hong, Qian Junxi, Lu Xuping. Place identity and sense of place in the context of urban spatial transformation: A case study of Xiaozhou village in Guangzhou, China[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2012,32(1):18-24.]
[43]
刘云刚,李志刚,黎斌.西方人文地理学研究评述与借鉴——面向 知行合一的中国人文地理学[J].地理学报,2014,69(8):1224-1233.[Liu Yungang, Li Zhigang, Li Bin. A critical review of research methods of Western human geography[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014,69(8):1224-1233.]
[32]
唐晓峰.从混沌到秩序:中国上古地理思想史述论[M].北京:中华 书局,2010:1-322. [Tang Xiaofeng. From Chaos to Order: Palaeoid Geographical Thought in China[M]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 2010:1-322.]
[38]
赵向光,李志刚.中国大城市新移民的地方认同与融入[J].城市规 划,2013,37(12):22-29. [Zhao Xiangguang, Li Zhigang. Study on place identity of new migrants in urban China[J]. City Planning Review, 2013,37(12):22-29.]
[44]
刘云刚,王丰龙.西方主义与实证主义幻象:近三十年来中国人文 地理学理论研究透视[J].人文地理,2013,28(1):14-19. [Liu Yungang, Wang Fenglong. Reexamining Chinese human geography: Perspective of theoretical studies in recent thirty years[J]. Human Geography, 2013,28(1):14-19.]
[33]
罗小龙,沈建法.跨界的城市增长——以江阴经济开发区靖江园 区为例[J].地理学报,2006,61(4):435-445. [Luo Xiaolong, Shen Jianfa. Urban growth between cities: The case of Jiangyin economic development zone in Jingjiang[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61(4):435-445.]
[39]
Taylor P J, Flint C. Political Geography: World-system, Nationstate and Locality[M]. New York: Prentice Hall, 2007:1-335.
[45]
刘云刚,许学强.中国地理学的二元结构[J].地理科学,2008,28(5): 587-593. [Liu Yungang, Xu Xueqiang. Duality of Chinese geography[ J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2008,28(5):587-593.]
[34]
张京祥,陈浩,胡嘉佩.中国城市空间开发中的柔性尺度调整—— 南京河西新城区的实证研究[J]. 城市规划,2014,38(1):43-49.[Zhang Jingxiang, Chen Hao, Hu Jiapei. Flexible rescaling during the development of urban space in China: A case study on Hexi new town in Nanjing[J]. City Planning Review, 2014,38(1):43-49.]
[40]
李志刚,杜枫.中国大城市的外国人“族裔经济区”研究——对广 州“巧克力城”的实证[J].人文地理,2012,27(6):1-6. [Li Zhigang, Du Feng. The transnational making of 'Chocolate City' in Guangzhou[ J]. Human Geography, 2012,27(6):1-6.]
[46]
保继刚.从理想主义、现实主义到理想主义理性回归——中国旅 游地理学发展30 年回顾[J]. 地理学报,2009,64(10):1184-1192.[Bao Jigang. From idealism to realism to rational idealism: Reflection on 30 years of development in tourism geography in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2009,64(10):1184-1192.]
[35]
晁恒,林雄斌,李贵才.尺度重构视角下国家级新区“多规合一”的 特征与实现途径[J]. 城市发展研究,2015,22(3):11-18. [Chao Heng, Lin Xiongbin, Li Guicai. Study on characteristics and strategies of multiple plans' integration of national new areas under the context of scale rescaling[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2015,22 (3):11-18.]
[41]
Haarstad H, Fløysand A. Globalization and the power of rescaled narratives: A case of opposition to mining in Tambogrande, Peru[J]. Political Geography, 2007,26(3):289-308.
[47]
陆大道. 地理科学的价值与地理学者的情怀[J].地理学报,2015, 70(10):1539-1551. [Lu Dadao. The value of geographical science and the feelings of geographers[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(10):1539-1551.]
[48]
王恩涌.政治地理学近来在我国的发展与成就[J].人文地理, 1996, 11(S1):36-43. [Wang Enyong. The recent development and achievements of political geography in China[J]. Human Geography, 1996, 11(S1):36-43.]
[36]
王丰龙,刘云刚.尺度概念的演化与尺度的本质:基于二次抽象的 尺度认识论[J].人文地理,2015,30(1):9-15. [Wang Fenglong, Liu Yungang. An analytical framework of scale based on second abstraction[ J]. Human Geography, 2015,30(1):9-15.]
[42]
Tversky A, Kahneman D. Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases[J]. Science, 1974,185(4157):1124-1131.
[49]
宋保平.现代政治地理学研究对象的基础理论——琼斯的统一场 论[J].人文地理,1990,5(2):64-66. [Song Baoping. The elementary theory of the subjects of modern political geography: Jone's unified field theory[J]. Human Geography, 1990,5(2):64-66.]
[50]
刘云刚.中国政治地理学研究展望[J].人文地理,2009,24(2):12-16.[Liu Yungang. A research perspective on Chinese political geography[ J]. Human Geography, 2009,24(2):12-16.]
[37]
朱竑,钱俊希,吕旭萍.城市空间变迁背景下的地方感知与身份认 同研究——以广州小洲村为例[J].地理科学,2012,32(1):18-24.[Zhu Hong, Qian Junxi, Lu Xuping. Place identity and sense of place in the context of urban spatial transformation: A case study of Xiaozhou village in Guangzhou, China[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2012,32(1):18-24.]
[43]
刘云刚,李志刚,黎斌.西方人文地理学研究评述与借鉴——面向 知行合一的中国人文地理学[J].地理学报,2014,69(8):1224-1233.[Liu Yungang, Li Zhigang, Li Bin. A critical review of research methods of Western human geography[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014,69(8):1224-1233.]
[51]
李灿松,胡志丁,葛岳静,等.当前国外政治地理学边境安全研究进 展[J].热带地理,2014,34(4):454-462. [Li Cansong, Hu Zhiding, Ge Yuejing, et al. Progress of foreign political geography in border security studies[J]. Tropical Geography, 2014,34(4):454-462.]
[38]
赵向光,李志刚.中国大城市新移民的地方认同与融入[J].城市规 划,2013,37(12):22-29. [Zhao Xiangguang, Li Zhigang. Study on place identity of new migrants in urban China[J]. City Planning Review, 2013,37(12):22-29.]
[44]
刘云刚,王丰龙.西方主义与实证主义幻象:近三十年来中国人文 地理学理论研究透视[J].人文地理,2013,28(1):14-19. [Liu Yungang, Wang Fenglong. Reexamining Chinese human geography: Perspective of theoretical studies in recent thirty years[J]. Human Geography, 2013,28(1):14-19.]
[52]
刘云刚,叶清露,许晓霞.空间、权力与领域:领域的政治地理研究 综述与展望[J].人文地理,2015,30(3):1-6. [Liu Yungang, Ye Qinglu, Xu Xiaoxia. Space, power and territory: A review on territory in political geography[J]. Human Geography, 2015,30(3):1-6.]
[39]
Taylor P J, Flint C. Political Geography: World-system, Nationstate and Locality[M]. New York: Prentice Hall, 2007:1-335.
[45]
刘云刚,许学强.中国地理学的二元结构[J].地理科学,2008,28(5): 587-593. [Liu Yungang, Xu Xueqiang. Duality of Chinese geography[ J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2008,28(5):587-593.]
[53]
杜德斌,段德忠,刘承良,等.1990 年以来中国地理学之地缘政治学 研究进展[J].地理研究,2015,34(2):199-212. [Du Debin, Duan Dezhong, Liu Chengliang, et al. Progress of geopolitics of Chinese geography since 1990[J]. Geographical Research, 2015,34(2):199-212.]
[40]
李志刚,杜枫.中国大城市的外国人“族裔经济区”研究——对广 州“巧克力城”的实证[J].人文地理,2012,27(6):1-6. [Li Zhigang, Du Feng. The transnational making of 'Chocolate City' in Guangzhou[ J]. Human Geography, 2012,27(6):1-6.]
[46]
保继刚.从理想主义、现实主义到理想主义理性回归——中国旅 游地理学发展30 年回顾[J]. 地理学报,2009,64(10):1184-1192.[Bao Jigang. From idealism to realism to rational idealism: Reflection on 30 years of development in tourism geography in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2009,64(10):1184-1192.]
[54]
胡志丁,陆大道.基于批判地缘政治学视角解读经典地缘政治理 论[J].地理学报,2015,70(6):851-863. [Hu Zhiding, Lu Dadao. The re-interpretation of the classical geopolitical theories from a critical geopolitical perspective[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015,70(6): 851-863.]
[41]
Haarstad H, Fløysand A. Globalization and the power of rescaled narratives: A case of opposition to mining in Tambogrande, Peru[J]. Political Geography, 2007,26(3):289-308.
[47]
陆大道. 地理科学的价值与地理学者的情怀[J].地理学报,2015, 70(10):1539-1551. [Lu Dadao. The value of geographical science and the feelings of geographers[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(10):1539-1551.]
[48]
王恩涌.政治地理学近来在我国的发展与成就[J].人文地理, 1996, 11(S1):36-43. [Wang Enyong. The recent development and achievements of political geography in China[J]. Human Geography, 1996, 11(S1):36-43.]
[42]
Tversky A, Kahneman D. Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases[J]. Science, 1974,185(4157):1124-1131.
[55]
刘云刚,王丰龙.尺度的人文地理内涵与尺度政治——基于1980 年代以来英语圈人文地理学的尺度研究[J].人文地理,2011,26(3): 1-6. [Liu Yungang, Wang Fenglong. Concept of scale in human geography and politics of scale: Based on anglophone human geography since 1980s[J]. Human Geography, 2011,26(3):1-6.]
[56]
鲍觉民.再论政治地理学的几个问理论问题[J].国外人文地理, 1988,3(1):9-13. [Bao Juemin. On several theoretical questions in political geography[J]. Human Geography, 1988,3(1):9-13.]
[49]
宋保平.现代政治地理学研究对象的基础理论——琼斯的统一场 论[J].人文地理,1990,5(2):64-66. [Song Baoping. The elementary theory of the subjects of modern political geography: Jone's unified field theory[J]. Human Geography, 1990,5(2):64-66.]
[50]
刘云刚.中国政治地理学研究展望[J].人文地理,2009,24(2):12-16.[Liu Yungang. A research perspective on Chinese political geography[ J]. Human Geography, 2009,24(2):12-16.]
[43]
刘云刚,李志刚,黎斌.西方人文地理学研究评述与借鉴——面向 知行合一的中国人文地理学[J].地理学报,2014,69(8):1224-1233.[Liu Yungang, Li Zhigang, Li Bin. A critical review of research methods of Western human geography[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014,69(8):1224-1233.]
[57]
胡志丁,曹原,刘玉立,等.我国政治地理学研究的新发展:地缘环 境探索[J].人文地理,2013,28(5):123-128. [Hu Zhiding, Cao Yuan, Liu Yuli, et al. A new development of political geography research in China: Geo-setting[J]. Human Geography, 2013,28(5):123-128.]
[58]
唐金江.国内外综合国力研究述评[J].人文地理,1990,5(4):54-61.[Tang Jinjiang. A review of studies on national power[J]. Human Geography, 1990,5(4):54-61.]
[51]
李灿松,胡志丁,葛岳静,等.当前国外政治地理学边境安全研究进 展[J].热带地理,2014,34(4):454-462. [Li Cansong, Hu Zhiding, Ge Yuejing, et al. Progress of foreign political geography in border security studies[J]. Tropical Geography, 2014,34(4):454-462.]
[44]
刘云刚,王丰龙.西方主义与实证主义幻象:近三十年来中国人文 地理学理论研究透视[J].人文地理,2013,28(1):14-19. [Liu Yungang, Wang Fenglong. Reexamining Chinese human geography: Perspective of theoretical studies in recent thirty years[J]. Human Geography, 2013,28(1):14-19.]
[59]
陶永波,刘继生.试论中国政治地理学的研究对象、基本内容及理 论框架[J].人文地理,1996,11(4):37-41. [Tao Yongbo, Liu Jisheng. The object of study, basic content and the frame of theories of Chinese political geography[J]. Human Geography, 1996,11(4):37-41.]
[52]
刘云刚,叶清露,许晓霞.空间、权力与领域:领域的政治地理研究 综述与展望[J].人文地理,2015,30(3):1-6. [Liu Yungang, Ye Qinglu, Xu Xiaoxia. Space, power and territory: A review on territory in political geography[J]. Human Geography, 2015,30(3):1-6.]
[45]
刘云刚,许学强.中国地理学的二元结构[J].地理科学,2008,28(5): 587-593. [Liu Yungang, Xu Xueqiang. Duality of Chinese geography[ J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2008,28(5):587-593.]
[60]
周振鹤.中国历史政治地理十六讲[M].北京:中华书局,2013:1-326. [Zhou Zhenhe. 16 Lectures on Chinese Political Geography[M]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 2013:1-326.]
[53]
杜德斌,段德忠,刘承良,等.1990 年以来中国地理学之地缘政治学 研究进展[J].地理研究,2015,34(2):199-212. [Du Debin, Duan Dezhong, Liu Chengliang, et al. Progress of geopolitics of Chinese geography since 1990[J]. Geographical Research, 2015,34(2):199-212.]
[46]
保继刚.从理想主义、现实主义到理想主义理性回归——中国旅 游地理学发展30 年回顾[J]. 地理学报,2009,64(10):1184-1192.[Bao Jigang. From idealism to realism to rational idealism: Reflection on 30 years of development in tourism geography in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2009,64(10):1184-1192.]
[61]
刘君德,冯春萍,华林甫.中外行政区划比较研究[M].上海:华东师 范大学出版社,2002:1-470. [Liu Junde, Feng Chunping, Hua Linfu. A Comparative Study of Administrative Division[M]. Shanghai: East China Normal University Press, 2002:1-470.]
[54]
胡志丁,陆大道.基于批判地缘政治学视角解读经典地缘政治理 论[J].地理学报,2015,70(6):851-863. [Hu Zhiding, Lu Dadao. The re-interpretation of the classical geopolitical theories from a critical geopolitical perspective[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015,70(6): 851-863.]
[47]
陆大道. 地理科学的价值与地理学者的情怀[J].地理学报,2015, 70(10):1539-1551. [Lu Dadao. The value of geographical science and the feelings of geographers[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(10):1539-1551.]
[48]
王恩涌.政治地理学近来在我国的发展与成就[J].人文地理, 1996, 11(S1):36-43. [Wang Enyong. The recent development and achievements of political geography in China[J]. Human Geography, 1996, 11(S1):36-43.]
[62]
安宁,朱竑“. 东突暴恐”事件的批判地缘政治分析[J].地理学报, 2015,70(10):1650-1663. [An Ning, Zhu Hong. A critical geopolitical analysis of "East Turkistan violence and terrorism" activities in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015,70(10):1650-1663.]
[55]
刘云刚,王丰龙.尺度的人文地理内涵与尺度政治——基于1980 年代以来英语圈人文地理学的尺度研究[J].人文地理,2011,26(3): 1-6. [Liu Yungang, Wang Fenglong. Concept of scale in human geography and politics of scale: Based on anglophone human geography since 1980s[J]. Human Geography, 2011,26(3):1-6.]
[56]
鲍觉民.再论政治地理学的几个问理论问题[J].国外人文地理, 1988,3(1):9-13. [Bao Juemin. On several theoretical questions in political geography[J]. Human Geography, 1988,3(1):9-13.]
[49]
宋保平.现代政治地理学研究对象的基础理论——琼斯的统一场 论[J].人文地理,1990,5(2):64-66. [Song Baoping. The elementary theory of the subjects of modern political geography: Jone's unified field theory[J]. Human Geography, 1990,5(2):64-66.]
[50]
刘云刚.中国政治地理学研究展望[J].人文地理,2009,24(2):12-16.[Liu Yungang. A research perspective on Chinese political geography[ J]. Human Geography, 2009,24(2):12-16.]
[63]
胡志丁,葛岳静,徐建伟.尺度政治视角下的地缘能源安全评价方 法及应用[J].地理研究,2014,33(5):853-862. [Hu Zhiding, Ge Yuejing, Xu Jianwei. Geopolitical energy security evaluation method and its application based on politics of scale[J]. Geographical Research, 2014,33(5):853-862.]
[57]
胡志丁,曹原,刘玉立,等.我国政治地理学研究的新发展:地缘环 境探索[J].人文地理,2013,28(5):123-128. [Hu Zhiding, Cao Yuan, Liu Yuli, et al. A new development of political geography research in China: Geo-setting[J]. Human Geography, 2013,28(5):123-128.]
[58]
唐金江.国内外综合国力研究述评[J].人文地理,1990,5(4):54-61.[Tang Jinjiang. A review of studies on national power[J]. Human Geography, 1990,5(4):54-61.]
[51]
李灿松,胡志丁,葛岳静,等.当前国外政治地理学边境安全研究进 展[J].热带地理,2014,34(4):454-462. [Li Cansong, Hu Zhiding, Ge Yuejing, et al. Progress of foreign political geography in border security studies[J]. Tropical Geography, 2014,34(4):454-462.]
[64]
刘云刚,王丰龙.三鹿奶粉事件的尺度政治分析[J].地理学报, 2011,66(10):1368-1378. [Liu Yungang, Wang Fenglong. Politics of scale in "Sanlu-milkpowder scandal"[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(10):1368-1378.]
[59]
陶永波,刘继生.试论中国政治地理学的研究对象、基本内容及理 论框架[J].人文地理,1996,11(4):37-41. [Tao Yongbo, Liu Jisheng. The object of study, basic content and the frame of theories of Chinese political geography[J]. Human Geography, 1996,11(4):37-41.]
[52]
刘云刚,叶清露,许晓霞.空间、权力与领域:领域的政治地理研究 综述与展望[J].人文地理,2015,30(3):1-6. [Liu Yungang, Ye Qinglu, Xu Xiaoxia. Space, power and territory: A review on territory in political geography[J]. Human Geography, 2015,30(3):1-6.]
[65]
刘云刚,王丰龙.城乡结合部的空间生产与黑色集群——广州M 垃圾猪场的案例研究[J].地理科学,2011,31(5):563-569. [Liu Yungang, Wang Fenglong. Production of space and the black cluster in the urban-rural frontier: A case study of M garbage pig farm in Guangzhou city[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2011,31(5):563-569.]
[66]
吕康寿,宋保平.政治地理学的一些理论问题[J].国外人文地理, 1986,1(2):40-45. [Lu Kangshou, Song Baoping. Some theoretical questions in political geography[J]. Human Georaphy, 1986,1(2): 40-45.]
[60]
周振鹤.中国历史政治地理十六讲[M].北京:中华书局,2013:1-326. [Zhou Zhenhe. 16 Lectures on Chinese Political Geography[M]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 2013:1-326.]
[53]
杜德斌,段德忠,刘承良,等.1990 年以来中国地理学之地缘政治学 研究进展[J].地理研究,2015,34(2):199-212. [Du Debin, Duan Dezhong, Liu Chengliang, et al. Progress of geopolitics of Chinese geography since 1990[J]. Geographical Research, 2015,34(2):199-212.]
[67]
Johnston R J. One world, millions of places: The end of history and the ascendancy of geography[J]. Political Geography, 1994, 13(2): 111-121.
[61]
刘君德,冯春萍,华林甫.中外行政区划比较研究[M].上海:华东师 范大学出版社,2002:1-470. [Liu Junde, Feng Chunping, Hua Linfu. A Comparative Study of Administrative Division[M]. Shanghai: East China Normal University Press, 2002:1-470.]
[54]
胡志丁,陆大道.基于批判地缘政治学视角解读经典地缘政治理 论[J].地理学报,2015,70(6):851-863. [Hu Zhiding, Lu Dadao. The re-interpretation of the classical geopolitical theories from a critical geopolitical perspective[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015,70(6): 851-863.]
[68]
刘云刚.地理学的政治[J].地理研究,2013,32(11):2170-2175. [Liu Yungang. The politics of Chinese geography[J]. Geographical Research, 2013,32(11):2170-2175.]
[62]
安宁,朱竑“. 东突暴恐”事件的批判地缘政治分析[J].地理学报, 2015,70(10):1650-1663. [An Ning, Zhu Hong. A critical geopolitical analysis of "East Turkistan violence and terrorism" activities in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015,70(10):1650-1663.]
[55]
刘云刚,王丰龙.尺度的人文地理内涵与尺度政治——基于1980 年代以来英语圈人文地理学的尺度研究[J].人文地理,2011,26(3): 1-6. [Liu Yungang, Wang Fenglong. Concept of scale in human geography and politics of scale: Based on anglophone human geography since 1980s[J]. Human Geography, 2011,26(3):1-6.]
[56]
鲍觉民.再论政治地理学的几个问理论问题[J].国外人文地理, 1988,3(1):9-13. [Bao Juemin. On several theoretical questions in political geography[J]. Human Geography, 1988,3(1):9-13.]
[69]
黄耿志,薛德升.1990 年以来广州市摊贩空间政治的规训机制[J]. 地理学报,2011,66(8):1063-1075. [Huang Gengzhi, Xue Desheng. Discipline and anti-discipline: Spatial politics of urban street vending in Guangzhou since the 1990s[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(8):1063-1075.]
[63]
胡志丁,葛岳静,徐建伟.尺度政治视角下的地缘能源安全评价方 法及应用[J].地理研究,2014,33(5):853-862. [Hu Zhiding, Ge Yuejing, Xu Jianwei. Geopolitical energy security evaluation method and its application based on politics of scale[J]. Geographical Research, 2014,33(5):853-862.]
[57]
胡志丁,曹原,刘玉立,等.我国政治地理学研究的新发展:地缘环 境探索[J].人文地理,2013,28(5):123-128. [Hu Zhiding, Cao Yuan, Liu Yuli, et al. A new development of political geography research in China: Geo-setting[J]. Human Geography, 2013,28(5):123-128.]
[58]
唐金江.国内外综合国力研究述评[J].人文地理,1990,5(4):54-61.[Tang Jinjiang. A review of studies on national power[J]. Human Geography, 1990,5(4):54-61.]
[70]
叶超,谢瑜莺.权力的空间意象——《癌症楼》的新文化地理解读[J].地理科学,2015,35(12):1585-1590. [Ye Chao, Xie Yuying. Power and space: A new cultural geographical interpretation on Cancer Ward[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2015,35(12):1585-1590.]
[64]
刘云刚,王丰龙.三鹿奶粉事件的尺度政治分析[J].地理学报, 2011,66(10):1368-1378. [Liu Yungang, Wang Fenglong. Politics of scale in "Sanlu-milkpowder scandal"[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(10):1368-1378.]
[71]
Blaut J M. The dissenting tradition[J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 1979,69(1):157-164.
[59]
陶永波,刘继生.试论中国政治地理学的研究对象、基本内容及理 论框架[J].人文地理,1996,11(4):37-41. [Tao Yongbo, Liu Jisheng. The object of study, basic content and the frame of theories of Chinese political geography[J]. Human Geography, 1996,11(4):37-41.]
[65]
刘云刚,王丰龙.城乡结合部的空间生产与黑色集群——广州M 垃圾猪场的案例研究[J].地理科学,2011,31(5):563-569. [Liu Yungang, Wang Fenglong. Production of space and the black cluster in the urban-rural frontier: A case study of M garbage pig farm in Guangzhou city[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2011,31(5):563-569.]
[66]
吕康寿,宋保平.政治地理学的一些理论问题[J].国外人文地理, 1986,1(2):40-45. [Lu Kangshou, Song Baoping. Some theoretical questions in political geography[J]. Human Georaphy, 1986,1(2): 40-45.]
[60]
周振鹤.中国历史政治地理十六讲[M].北京:中华书局,2013:1-326. [Zhou Zhenhe. 16 Lectures on Chinese Political Geography[M]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 2013:1-326.]
[67]
Johnston R J. One world, millions of places: The end of history and the ascendancy of geography[J]. Political Geography, 1994, 13(2): 111-121.
[61]
刘君德,冯春萍,华林甫.中外行政区划比较研究[M].上海:华东师 范大学出版社,2002:1-470. [Liu Junde, Feng Chunping, Hua Linfu. A Comparative Study of Administrative Division[M]. Shanghai: East China Normal University Press, 2002:1-470.]
[68]
刘云刚.地理学的政治[J].地理研究,2013,32(11):2170-2175. [Liu Yungang. The politics of Chinese geography[J]. Geographical Research, 2013,32(11):2170-2175.]
[62]
安宁,朱竑“. 东突暴恐”事件的批判地缘政治分析[J].地理学报, 2015,70(10):1650-1663. [An Ning, Zhu Hong. A critical geopolitical analysis of "East Turkistan violence and terrorism" activities in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015,70(10):1650-1663.]
[69]
黄耿志,薛德升.1990 年以来广州市摊贩空间政治的规训机制[J]. 地理学报,2011,66(8):1063-1075. [Huang Gengzhi, Xue Desheng. Discipline and anti-discipline: Spatial politics of urban street vending in Guangzhou since the 1990s[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(8):1063-1075.]
[63]
胡志丁,葛岳静,徐建伟.尺度政治视角下的地缘能源安全评价方 法及应用[J].地理研究,2014,33(5):853-862. [Hu Zhiding, Ge Yuejing, Xu Jianwei. Geopolitical energy security evaluation method and its application based on politics of scale[J]. Geographical Research, 2014,33(5):853-862.]
[70]
叶超,谢瑜莺.权力的空间意象——《癌症楼》的新文化地理解读[J].地理科学,2015,35(12):1585-1590. [Ye Chao, Xie Yuying. Power and space: A new cultural geographical interpretation on Cancer Ward[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2015,35(12):1585-1590.]
[64]
刘云刚,王丰龙.三鹿奶粉事件的尺度政治分析[J].地理学报, 2011,66(10):1368-1378. [Liu Yungang, Wang Fenglong. Politics of scale in "Sanlu-milkpowder scandal"[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(10):1368-1378.]
[71]
Blaut J M. The dissenting tradition[J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 1979,69(1):157-164.