移动搜索法在教育公共服务可达性评价中的改进与应用——以福州城区幼儿园为例

doi:10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2017.03.007

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摘要采用可变步长的两步移动搜索法，以福建省福州市为典型案例，以居民点（普查小区）为分析单元，对各居民点入园空间可达性进行了测算，并与传统的两步移动搜索法进行对比分析，综合判别学前教育资源空间分布特点。研究表明：福州城区入园可达性总体情况并不理想，仅有少数地区、少量人群可以获得较好的幼儿园空间的可达性。入园可达性在地理空间上呈现出多中心结构，高可达性地区主要分布在市中心并在城市周围零星分布，边缘乡镇特别是除西部以外的乡镇地区缺教明显，入园可达性在城区内部差异较大，幼儿园资源过剩地区和稀缺地区呈两极分化的格局。可变步长的两步移动搜索法能更为客观有效地对幼儿园的布局状况进行评价。而传统方法有一定的夸大作用，且降低了内部的差异，在一定程度上掩饰了幼儿园资源分布的不公平现象。

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关键词 ：两步移动搜索法, 空间可达性, 幼儿园, 福州市

Abstract：Entering the nearby kindergarten is the important content in preschool education planning and give the research on spatial accessibility to kindergarten. This paper is concerning on the spatial accessibility to kindergarten by using two access measures including the popular two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method and variable catchment sizes for two-step floating catchment area method (V2SFCA), thus to capture the interaction between kindergarten and settlement,then to compare the results of the two methods and get a integrative estimate of spatial distribution of preschool educational resources in Fuzhou central urban area. The results indicated that the overall accessibility of Fuzhou City's kindergarten distribution is not ideal, and only a minority of the region, a small number of people can get a good kindergarten accessibility. As for the geographical space of kindergarten accessibility, the west region is much better than the east region, and north slightly better than the south, demonstrating a polycentric structure at the same time. The high accessibility areas are mainly distributed in the center of the city and scattered around the city.

Key words： 2SFCA spatial accessibility kindergarten Fuzhou

收稿日期: 2016-01-29

基金资助:

教育部人文社会科学项目（14YJCZH112）；教育部留学回国人员科研项目基金项目（教外司留[2014]1685号）

通讯作者: 祁新华(1974—),男,福建莆田人,教授,博士,主要研究方向为人文地理与生态学。E-mail:fjqxh74@163.com。 E-mail: fjqxh74@163.com

作者简介: 程顺祺(1989—),男,福建福清人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为教育地理学。E-mail:skylers@vip.qq.com。

引用本文:

程顺祺, 祁新华, 林涵, 金星星, 李达谋. 移动搜索法在教育公共服务可达性评价中的改进与应用——以福州城区幼儿园为例[J]. 人文地理, 2017, 32(3): 53-60. CHENG Shun-qi, QI Xin-hua, LIN Han, JIN Xing-xing, LI Da-mou. THE IMPROVEMENTAND APPLICATION OF TWO-STEP FLOATING CATCHMENT AREA METHOD IN MEASURING ACCESSIBILITY TO EDUCATION PUBLIC SERVICE: A CASE STUDY OF KINDERGARTENS IN FUZHOU. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, 2017, 32(3): 53-60.

链接本文:

http://rwdl.xisu.edu.cn/CN/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2017.03.007 或 http://rwdl.xisu.edu.cn/CN/Y2017/V32/I3/53

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[13]	Luo W, Qi Y. An enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method for measuring spatial accessibility to primary care physicians[J]. Health & Place, 2009,15(4):1100-1107.
[10]	Meyer S P. Comparing spatial accessibility to conventional medicine and complementary and alternative medicine in Ontario, Canada[J]. Health Place, 2012,18(2):305-314.
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[11]	Luo W, Wang F. Measures of spatial accessibility to health care in a GIS environment: Synthesis and a case study in the Chicago region[J]. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 2003,30(6): 865-884.
[15]	MaGrail M R, Humphreys J S. Measuring spatial accessibility to primary care in rural areas: Improving the effectiveness of the twostep floating catchment area method[J]. Applied Geography, 2009, 29(4):533-541.
[12]	Mcgrail M R, Humphreys J S. The index of rural access: An innovative integrated approach for measuring primary care access[J]. Bmc Health Services Research, 2009,9(6):1-12.
[16]	Luo W, Whippo T. Variable catchment sizes for the two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method[J]. Health & Place, 2012, 18 (4):789-795.
[13]	Luo W, Qi Y. An enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method for measuring spatial accessibility to primary care physicians[J]. Health & Place, 2009,15(4):1100-1107.
[17]	罗震东,韦江绿,张京祥.城乡基本公共服务设施均等化发展特征分析——基于常州市的调查[J].城市发展研究,2010,17(12):36-42.[Luo Zhendong, Wei Jianglv, Zhang Jingxiang. Study on the characters of equalization development of basic public service facilities in urban and rural areas: Changzhou as the case[J]. Urban Studies, 2010,17(12):36-42.]
[14]	Wan N, Zou B, Sternberg T. A 3-step floating catchment area method for analyzing spatial access to health services[J]. International Journal of Geographical, Information Science, 2012,26(6):1073-1089.
[18]	Kwan M P. Space-time and integral measures of individual accessibility: A comparative analysis using a point-based framework[J]. Geographical Analysis, 1998,30(3):191-216.
[15]	MaGrail M R, Humphreys J S. Measuring spatial accessibility to primary care in rural areas: Improving the effectiveness of the twostep floating catchment area method[J]. Applied Geography, 2009, 29(4):533-541.
[19]	Guy C M. The assessment of access to local shopping opportunities: A comparison of accessibility measures[J]. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 1983,10(2):219-238.
[16]	Luo W, Whippo T. Variable catchment sizes for the two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method[J]. Health & Place, 2012, 18 (4):789-795.
[20]	Lu W T T. Integrating spatial and a spatial factors in measuring accessibility to primary health care physicians: A case study of aboriginal population in Sudbury, Canada[J]. Community Medicine & Health Education, 2014,4(3):1-7.
[17]	罗震东,韦江绿,张京祥.城乡基本公共服务设施均等化发展特征分析——基于常州市的调查[J].城市发展研究,2010,17(12):36-42.[Luo Zhendong, Wei Jianglv, Zhang Jingxiang. Study on the characters of equalization development of basic public service facilities in urban and rural areas: Changzhou as the case[J]. Urban Studies, 2010,17(12):36-42.]
[21]	Wan N, Zhan F B, Zou B, et al. A relative spatial access assessment approach for analyzing potential spatial access to colorectal cancer services in Texas[J]. Applied Geography, 2012,32(2):291-299.