集装箱港口作为国际物流的重要载体，对其结构与演化规律的认识有助于揭示区域贸易格局与货流变迁的规律。以东盟的马来西亚、泰国、越南、柬埔寨、缅甸等国家的19个港口为研究对象，运用基尼系数分析法、偏移-份额分析法，刻画了1994-2014年东盟集装箱港口吞吐量集散趋势、港口竞争特征。结果表明：东盟集装箱港口受各国经济快速发展、国际贸易活动和航线变化等因素影响，港口体系演变经历了三个阶段：1994-1998年，港口规模小、港口相互之间差距较小；1999-2003年，集装箱港口发展迅速，马来西亚、泰国、越南中转型港口开始形成；2004-2014年，马来西亚成为东盟新枢纽港、泰国和越南港口地位提升。
Abstract
This research investigates the container throughput of 19 main ports in Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia and Myanmar, who are the members of ASEAN. Based on the 1994-2014 years of container throughput, comprehensive Gini coefficient and Shift-Share analysis method, depicts the distribution trend of ASEAN container port throughput, characteristics of port competition. The results show that:ASEAN container port by rapid economic development of countries, a combination of factors affecting international trade, as well as route changes and other Chinese ports. ASEAN port system evolution has experienced three stages:stage I (1994-1998), the layout of the world container port has changed significantly, the world's three largest container port group of North America, Europe, East Asia accounted for the global container throughput of 80-90%. Stage Ⅱ (1999-2003), with container port began to develop rapidly, the development of Singapore port promotes the development of container ports in Malaysia and Thailand. Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam transition port began to form, Klang port, Tanjung pelepas port in Malaysia and Laem Chabang Port in Thailand throughput more than that of other ports, accounting for 71.5% of the total; stage Ⅲ (2004-2014), transfer port status to continue to strengthen, throughput of the container port system in the distribution of concentration, part of the port's market share tendency to expand, occupies the main position, such as Malaysia's Port Klang, Thailand's Laem Chabang Port, Vietnam's Ho Chi Minh port, Malaysia has become a new hub for ASEAN, Thailand and Vietnam to enhance the status of the port.
关键词
集装箱港口体系 /
集散度 /
演变规律 /
影响因素 /
东盟
Key words
container ports system /
concentration and decentralization degree /
evolving regularity /
impact factors /
ASEAN
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基金
中国-东盟区域发展协同创新中心科研专项和教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划联合资助（CWZ201501）
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