古村落旅游移民社会融合结构及其影响因素研究&mdash;&mdash;以世界文化遗产宏村为例

doi:10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2017.04.019

PDF(2884 KB)

人文地理 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4) : 138-145. DOI: 10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2017.04.019

旅游

古村落旅游移民社会融合结构及其影响因素研究——以世界文化遗产宏村为例

卢松¹, 张业臣², 王琳琳²

作者信息 +

SOCIAL INTEGRATION STRUCTURE AND DETERMINANT OF TOURISM MIGRATION IN ANCIENT VILLAGE:A CASE STUDY OF HONGCUN VILLAGE

LU Song¹, ZHANG Ye-chen², WANG Lin-lin²

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

新世纪以来古村落已发展成为深受游客喜爱的大众旅游地，在吸引大量游客纷至沓来的同时，也吸引了一些外来人口在此常住与工作，形成旅游移民。以世界文化遗产宏村为研究案例，在实地问卷调查的基础上探讨其旅游移民社会融合结构及融合现状。结果表明：①宏村旅游移民社会融合包含4个维度，分别为文化融合、心理融合、身份融合和经济融合。②宏村旅游移民整体社会融合度不高；其中，心理融合最好，公因子得分达到3.57分；其次是文化融合与身份融合，融合度均未达到中等水平，且文化融合维度的内部离散性较强；最后是经济融合，其融合度最低，移民经济收入未达到预期水平。③影响宏村旅游移民社会融合的主要因素分为个人因素和迁入地因素，其中迁入地因素影响程度大于个人因素。最后对古村落旅游移民社会融合的特征进行了讨论。

Abstract

Since 21st century, ancient villages have been the most popular tourist destination. These villages attract a large number of tourists. At the same time, there are many external populations to come here to live and work. And they are named tourism migrations. As a world cultural heritage, Hongcun village attracts a large number of workers, business owners, and even retirees. On the case study of Hongcun village, This paper discusses the social integration structure and level of tourism migrations in ancient villages. Then the method of exploratory factor analysis and the multiple regression equation is introduced to analyze the factors that affect the social integration. Research results show that:First, the social integration of tourism migration in Hongcun contains 4 dimensions, which are cultural fusion, psychological fusion, identity fusion and economic integration. Second, the level of social integration is not high. And psychological integration is best of all, the factor score is 3.57 points. Then cultural integration and identity integration do not reach the medium level. The internal discrete of cultural fusion dimension is strong. Among these dimensions, economic integration is the lowest. Third, the main factors that affect the social integration of tourism migration are divided into individual factors and local factors. The influencing extent of local factors is greater than the individual factors. At last, compared with the social integration of the mass city migration of peasant workers, the characters of tourism migration' social integration in ancient villages have been discussed. For example, the economic integration is the lowest dimension, tourism migrations takes relatively high end occupations, the potential impact of tourism migration on the host community in ancient villages is much bigger.

导出引用

卢松, 张业臣, 王琳琳. 古村落旅游移民社会融合结构及其影响因素研究——以世界文化遗产宏村为例[J]. 人文地理. 2017, 32(4): 138-145 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2017.04.019

LU Song, ZHANG Ye-chen, WANG Lin-lin. SOCIAL INTEGRATION STRUCTURE AND DETERMINANT OF TOURISM MIGRATION IN ANCIENT VILLAGE:A CASE STUDY OF HONGCUN VILLAGE[J]. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2017, 32(4): 138-145 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2017.04.019

中图分类号： K901.3

参考文献

[1] 康璟瑶,章锦河,胡欢,等.中国传统村落空间分布特征分析[J].地理科学进展,2016,35(7):839-850.[Kang Jingyao, Zhang Jinhe, Hu Huan, et al. Analysis on the spatial distribution characteristics of Chinese traditional villages[J]. Progress in Geography, 2016,35(7):839-850.]

[2] 卢松.旅游对传统地域文化景观影响的研究进展及展望[J].旅游科学,2014,28(6):13-23.[Lu Song. The research progress of tourism development on the evolvement of cultural landscapes in the traditional regions[J]. Tourism Science, 2014,28(6):13-23.]

[3] 张骁鸣,保继刚.旅游发展与乡村劳动力回流研究——以西递村为例[J]. 地理科学,2009,29(3):360-367.[Zhang Xiaoming, Bao Jigang. Tourism development and return migration of rural labor force:Case study on Xidi village[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2009,29(3):360-367.]

[4] Williams A M, Hall C M. Tourism and migration:New relationships between production and consumption[J]. Tourism Geographies, 2000,2(1):5-27.

[5] 悦中山,杜海峰,李树茁,等.当代西方社会融合研究的概念、理论及应用[J].公共管理学报,2009,6(2):114-121.[Yue Zhongshan, Du Haifeng, Li Shuzhuo, et al. The concept, theory and application of western social integration research[J]. Journal of Public Management, 2009,6(2):114-121.]

[6] Park R E. Human migration and the marginal man[J]. The American Journal of Sociology, 1928(6):881-893.

[7] Kallen, Horace Meyer. Cultural Pluralism and the American Idea:An Essay in Social Philosophy[M]. Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press, 1956.

[8] Hurh W M, Kwang C K. Adhesive sociocultural adaptation of Korean immigrants in the U.S.:An alternative strategy of minority adaptation[J]. International Migration Review, 1984(2):188-216.

[9] 梁波,王海英.国外移民社会融入研究综述[J].甘肃行政学院学报, 2010(2):18-27.[Liang Bo, Wang Haiying. The integration of immigrants:A literature review of foreign researches[J]. Journal of Gansu Administration Institute, 2010(2):18-27.]

[10] Emily G, Xie Yu. Is assimilation theory dead? The effect of assimilation on adolescent well-being[J]. Social Science Research, 2008, 37(1):109-137.

[11] Gorden M M. Assimilation in American Life[M]. New York:Oxford University Press, 1964:5-29.

[12] Silvia D, Thomas F. Institutional conditions for the integration of immigrants in welfare states:A comparison of the literature on Germany, France, Great Britain, and the Netherlands[J]. European Journal of Political Research, 1997,31:401-426.

[13] 田凯.关于农民工城市适应性的调查分析与思考[J].社会学研究, 1995(5):90-95.[Tian Kai. Investigation and analysis on the adaptability of migrant workers in cities[J]. Sociology Research, 1995, (5):90-95.]

[14] 汪明峰,程红,宁越敏.上海城中村外来人口的社会融合及其影响因素[J].地理学报,2015,70(8):1243-1255.[Wang Mingfeng, Cheng Hong, Ning Yuemin. Social integration of migrants in Shanghai's urban vilages[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015,70(8):1243-1255.]

[15] 王桂新,张得志.上海外来人口生存状态与社会融合研究[J].市场与人口分析,2006,12(5):1-12.[Wang Guixin, Zhang Dezhi. Research on the survival conditions and social inclusion of the immigrants in Shanghai city[J]. Market and Demographic Analysis, 2006,12(5):1-12.]

[16] 马西恒,童星.敦睦他者:城市新移民的社会融合之路[J].学海, 2008,23(2):15-22.[Ma Xiheng, Tong Xing. Concord with others:Social integration of new urban immigrants[J]. Academia Bimestrie, 2008,23(2):15-22.]

[17] 田明,薄俊丽.东部地区流动人口城市融入的比较研究[J].人文地理,2014,29(1):43-48.[Tian Ming, Bo Junli. A comparative study of migrant urban integration with principal component analysis[J]. Human Geography, 2014,29(1):43-48.]

[18] 纪韶.农民工融入城市调查研究:以在北京务工的500个农民工家庭为对象[J].经济与管理研究,2012(4):44-49.[Ji Shao. Investigation on the degree of urban integration of rural-urban migrant workers based on the data of 500 rural-urban migrant families in Beijing[J]. Research on Economic and Management, 2012(4):44-49.]

[19] 杨菊华.从隔离,选择融入到融合:流动人口社会融入问题的理论思考[J].人口研究, 2009,33(1):17-29.[Yang Juhua. From the segregation, selection to the assimilation:Theoretical perspectives of immigrant assimilation[J]. Population Research, 2009,33(1):17-29.]

[20] 杨菊华.中国流动人口的社会融入研究[J].中国社会科学,2015(2):61-80.[Yang Juhua. Research on the assimilation of the floating population in China[J]. Social Sciences in China, 2015(2):61-80.]

[21] 周皓.流动人口社会融合的测量及理论思考[J].人口研究,2012,36(3):27-37.[Zhou Hao. Measurement and theoretical perspectives of immigrant assimilation in China[J]. Population Research, 2012,36(3):27-37.]

[22] 张文宏,雷开春.城市新移民社会融合的结构、现状与影响因素分析[J].社会学研究,2008(5):117-141.[Zhang Wenhong, Lei Kaichun. The structure, present situation and influence factors of the social integration of urban new immigrants[J]. Sociology Research, 2008(5):117-141.]

[23] 李志刚,刘晔.中国城市"新移民"社会网络与空间分异[J].地理学报,2011,66(6):785-795.[Li Zhigang, Liu Ye. Beyond spatial segregation:Neo-migrants and their social networks in Chinese cities[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2011,66(6):785-795.]

[24] 宋月萍,陶椰.融入与接纳:互动视角下的流动人口社会融合实证研究[J].人口研究,2012,36(3):38-49.[Song Yueping, Tao Ye. Assimilation and acceptance:An empirical study on migrants' social assimilation from interactive perspective[J]. Population Research, 2012,36(3):38-49.]

[25] 余运江,高向东,郭庆.新生代乡-城流动人口社会融合研究:基于上海的调查分析[J].人口与经济,2012(1):57-64.[Yu Yunjiang, Gao Xiangdong, Guo Qing. Research on social integraion for new generation of rural-urban migrants:Based on the survey in Shanghai[J]. Population and Economics, 2012(1):57-64.]

[26] 谢桂华.中国流动人口的人力资本回报与社会融合[J].中国社会科学,2012(4):103-124.[Xie Guihua. Returns to human capital and social integration of migrants in China[J]. Social Sciences in China, 2012(4):103-124.]

[27] 杨钊,陆林.旅游移民研究体系及方法初探[J].地理研究,2008,27(4):949-962.[Yang Zhao, Lu Lin. A preliminary study on research system and methods of tourism migration[J]. Geographical Research, 2008,27(4):949-962.]

[28] 杨钊,陆林.九华山旅游劳工移民行为特征分析[J].资源开发与市场,2007,23(2):171-175.[Yang Zhao, Lu Lin. Analysis on behavioral characteristics of tourism labor migrants in Jiuhua mountain[J]. Resource Development and Market, 2007,23(2):171-175.]

[29] 杨钊,陆林.基于职业特性驱动的旅游劳工转移比较研究[J].地理研究,2006,25(6):1125-1133.[Yang Zhao, Lu Lin. A comparative study on tourism labor mobility driven by employment characteristics[J]. Geographical Research, 2006,25(6):1125-1133.]

[30] 杨钊,上官筱燕,蔡永寿,等.九寨沟旅游劳工迁移微观驱动力分析[J].地理研究,2013,32(2):347-359.[Yang Zhao, Shangguan Youyan, Cai Yongshou, et al. Analysis of tourism labor migrants' micromotivation in Jiuzhaigou based on mixed methods approaches[J]. Geographical Research, 2013,32(2):347-359.]

[31] 杜春燕,杜永波,毛颖.旅游劳工移民的文化身份建构——基于文化适应视角的个案研究[J].旅游研究,2010,2(2):26-29.[Du Chunyan, Du Yongbo, Mao Ying. On the cultural identity construction of tourism laborm igration:A case study of cultural adaptation perspective[J]. Tourism Research, 2010,2(2):26-29.]

[32] 饶勇.旅游开发背景下的精英劳动力迁入与本地社区边缘化——以海南三亚为例[J].旅游学刊,2013,28(1):46-53.[Rao Yong. Elite labor immigration and marginalization of local community in tourism development:A case study of Sanya city, China[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2013,28(10):46-53.]

[33] 吴悦芳,徐红罡.基于流动性视角的第二居所旅游研究综述[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(6):799-807.[Wu Yuefang, Xu Honggang. A literature review of second residence tourism:Implication on mobility analysis[J]. Progress in Geography, 2012,31(6):799-807.]

[34] 徐红罡,唐香姐.流动性视角下打工旅游者行为特征研究——以大理古城为例[J].人文地理,2015, 30(4):129-135.[Xu Honggang, Tang Xiangjie. The behavior of working tourists on mobility analysis:A case study of Dali historical town[J]. Human Geography, 2015,30(4):129-135.]

[35] 马少吟,徐红罡.从消费到生产:大理古城生活方式型旅游企业主移民的生存特征[J].旅游学刊,2016,31(5):81-88.[Ma Shaoyin, Xu Honggang. From consumption to production:Understanding the tourism lifestyle entrepreneur in Dali[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2016,31(5):81-88.]

[36] 杜鹏,丁志宏,李兵,等.来京人口的就业、权益保障与社会融合[J]. 人口研究,2005(4):53-61.[Du Peng, Ding Zhihong, Li Bing, et al. Employment, right protection and social integration of those migrants in Beijing[J]. Population Studies, 2005(4):53-61.]

[37] 杜强,贾丽艳. SPSS统计分析:从入门到精通[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2011:248.[Du Qiang, Jia Liyan. SPSS statistical analysis:From entry to proficiency[M]. Beijing:Post and Telecom Press, 2011:248.]