创新活动空间集聚及其影响机制研究评述与展望

doi:10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2017.05.003

PDF(3269 KB)

人文地理 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5) : 17-24. DOI: 10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2017.05.003

进展与动态

创新活动空间集聚及其影响机制研究评述与展望

孙瑜康, 李国平, 袁薇薇, 孙铁山

作者信息 +

THE SPATIAL CONCENTRATION OF INNOVATION AND ITS MECHANISMS:A LITERATURE REVIEW AND PROSPECT

SUN Yu-kang, LI Guo-ping, YUAN Wei-wei, SUN Tie-shan

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

创新的空间集聚现象是创新活动最重要的空间特征之一。传统的基于经济学的创新研究框架忽视了空间的重要性，20世纪90年代以来，随着创新地理学的兴起，对创新集聚的空间问题研究得到大力扩展和延伸。本文围绕创新活动在空间上是否集聚、在哪里集聚、如何集聚等问题，从集聚化、本地化和网络化三个方面对创新集聚的空间特征进行了梳理，并归纳总结出影响创新集聚的五种机制：知识溢出、服务共享、高技能劳动力匹配、不确定性和竞争，在此基础上讨论了当前研究存在的问题，并提出了深化创新集聚空间特征研究、完善创新活动与区域及城市间的互动理论、推动对创新网络的测度与演化研究、加强创新集聚的微观机制及模型化工作等建议。

Abstract

Focused on the questions such as whether innovation activities are spatial concentrated, where innovation agglomeration locates and how the innovation agglomeration forms, this article analyses the spatial characteristics of innovation activities from aggregation, localization, and networking. A lot of research proved that innovation activities have remarkably agglomerated in space distribution. Some scholars measured the concentration degree of innovation activity by the quantitative indexes. Innovation cluster is very sensitive to the space distance and has a strong dependence on proximity. At the same time, innovation cluster has the characteristics of localization. At the regional level, innovation activities have a strong local embeddedness which rely on the regional characteristic of the element such as culture, system, organization. Regional innovation system particularly emphasis on the role of "innovation environment". At the city level, some scholars have discussed the relationship between the innovation cluster and the city size, industrial structure, urban internal spatial structure. The close relationship between different innovation clusters make innovation activities have strong tendency to be networking in space. Currently, the use of social network analysis in research of innovation network to analyze the structure, performance and spatial characteristics of innovation network is becoming the concern of our scholars. After that, the mechanisms which impact spatial agglomeration of innovation are induced into five types:knowledge spillover, sharing services, skilled labour matching, uncertainty and competition. Then, we discussed the problems in current research. In the future, multi-scale spatial analysis on innovation spatial agglomeration should be put forward. We also should strengthen the work on modeling and empirical studies.

导出引用

孙瑜康, 李国平, 袁薇薇, 孙铁山. 创新活动空间集聚及其影响机制研究评述与展望[J]. 人文地理. 2017, 32(5): 17-24 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2017.05.003

SUN Yu-kang, LI Guo-ping, YUAN Wei-wei, SUN Tie-shan. THE SPATIAL CONCENTRATION OF INNOVATION AND ITS MECHANISMS:A LITERATURE REVIEW AND PROSPECT[J]. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2017, 32(5): 17-24 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2017.05.003

中图分类号： K901.8 F062.3

参考文献

[1] Schumpeter J A. The Theory of Economic Development[M]. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press, 1934:129-136.

[2] Scott A J. New Industrial Spaces:Flexible Production Organization and Regional Development in North America and Western Europe[M]. London:Pion, 1988:60-75.

[3] Porter M E. The competitive advantage of nations[J]. Harvard Business Review, 1990,68(2):73-93.

[4] Cooke P. Regional innovation systems:Competitive regulation in the new Europe[J]. Geoforum, 1992,23(3):365-382.

[5] Feldman M P. The Geography of Innovation[M]. Netherland:Springer, 1994:52-60.

[6] Fujita M. Towards the new economic geography in the brain power society[J]. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 2007,37(4):482-490.

[7] 甄峰,徐海贤,朱传耿.创新地理学——一门新兴的地理学分支学科[J].地域研究与开发,2001,20(1):9-11.[Zhen Feng, Xu Haixian, Zhu Chuangeng. Innovative geography:A new branch of geography[J]. Areal Research and Development, 2001,20(1):9-11.]

[8] 吕拉昌,黄茹,廖倩.创新地理学研究的几个理论问题[J].地理科学, 2016,36(5):653-661.[Lv Lachang, Huang Ru, Liao Qian. Several theoretical issues on innovation geography[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2016,36(5):653-661.]

[9] Buzard K, Carlino G A, Hunt R M, et al. Localized Knowledge Spillovers:Evidence from the Agglomeration of American R&D Labs and Patent Data[R]. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Working Paper, 2016.

[10] Moreno R, Paci R, Usai S. Geographical and sectoral clusters of innovation in Europe[J]. The Annals of Regional Science, 2005,39(4):715-739.

[11] Lim U. The spatial distribution of innovative activity in US metropolitan areas:Evidence from patent data[J]. Journal of Regional Analysis and Policy, 2003,33(2):97-98.

[12] Fornahl D, Brenner T. Geographic concentration of innovative activities in Germany[J]. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 2009,20(3):163-182.

[13] Kerr W R, Kominers S D. Agglomerative forces and cluster shapes[J]. Review of Economics and Statistics, 2015,97(4):877-899.

[14] Figueiredo O, Guimarães P, Woodward D. Industry localization, distance decay, and knowledge spillovers:Following the patent paper trail[J]. Journal of Urban Economics, 2015,89(7):21-31.

[15] Jaffe A B, Trajtenberg M, Henderson R. Geographic localization of knowledge spillovers as evidenced by patent citations[J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1993,108(3):577-598.

[16] Rosenthal S S, Strange W C. Geography, industrial organization, and agglomeration[J]. Review of Economics and Statistics, 2003,85(2):377-393.

[17] Balland P A, Boschma R, Frenken K. Proximity and innovation:From statics to dynamics[J]. Regional Studies, 2015,49(6):907-920.

[18] 李琳,雒道政.多维邻近性与创新:西方研究回顾与展望[J].经济地理,2013,33(6):1-7.[Li Lin, Luo Daozheng. Multi-proximity and innovation:The retrospect and prospect on western researches[J]. Economic Geography, 2013,33(6):1-7.]

[19] Aydalot P. High Technology Industry and Innovative Environments:The European Experience[M]. London:Routledge, 1988:57-70.

[20] Kirat T, Lung Y. Innovation and proximity territories as loci of collective learning processes[J]. European Urban and Regional Studies, 1999,6(1):27-38.

[21] Feldman M P. The new economics of innovation, spillovers and agglomeration:A review of empirical studies[J]. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 1999,8(1):5-25.

[22] Feldman M P, Audretsch D B. Innovation in cities:Science-based diversity, specialization and localized competition[J]. European Economic Review, 1999,43(2):409-429.

[23] Bettencourt L M A, Lobo J, Helbing D, et al. Growth, innovation, scaling, and the pace of life in cities[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2007,104(17):7301-7306.

[24] Carlino G A, Chatterjee S, Hunt R M. Urban density and the rate of invention[J]. Journal of Urban Economics, 2007,61(3):389-419.

[25] Krugman P. Increasing returns and economic geography[J]. Journal of Political Economy, 1991,99(3):483-499.

[26] Jacobs J. The Economy of Cities[M]. New York:Vintage, 1969:56-63.

[27] Baptista R, Swann P. Do firms in clusters innovate more[J]. Research Policy, 1998,27(5):525.

[28] Henderson V, Kuncoro A, Turner M. Industrial development in cities[J]. Journal of Political Economy, 1995,103(5):1067-1090.

[29] 吴玉鸣.大学、企业研发与首都区域创新的局域空间计量分析[J]. 科学学研究,2006,24(3):398-404.[Wu Yuming. A local spatial econometric analysis of university enterprise R&D and regional innovation of the capital[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2006,24(3):398-404.]

[30] Glaeser E L, Kallal H D, Scheinkman J A, et al. Growth in cities[J]. Journal of Political Economy, 1992,100(6):1126-1152.

[31] Paci R, Usai S. Externalities, knowledge spillovers and the spatial distribution of innovation[J]. GeoJournal, 1999,49(4):381-390.

[32] 李学鑫,苗长虹.多样性,创造力与城市增长[J].人文地理,2009,24(2):7-11.[Li Xuexin, Miao Changhong. Diversity, creativity and urban growth[J]. Human Geography, 2009,24(2):7-11.]

[33] Duranton G, Puga D. Nursery cities:Urban diversity, process innovation, and the life cycle of products[J]. American Economic Review, 2001,91(5):1454-1477.

[34] Birch E L. Downtown in the "new American city"[J]. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 2009,626(1):134-153.

[35] Méndez R, Moral S S. Spanish cities in the knowledge economy:Theoretical debates and empirical evidence[J]. European Urban and Regional Studies, 2011,18(2):136-155.

[36] Airoldi A, Janetti G B, Gambardella A, et al. The impact of urban structure on the location of producer services[J]. Service Industries Journal, 1997,17(1):91-114.

[37] Teirlinck P, Spithoven A. The spatial organization of innovation:Open innovation, external knowledge relations and urban structure[J]. Regional Studies, 2008,42(5):689-704.

[38] Halbert L. Collaborative and collective:Reflexive co-ordination and the dynamics of open innovation in the digital industry clusters of the Paris region[J]. Urban Studies, 2012,49(11):2357-2376.

[39] 段德忠,杜德斌,刘承良.上海和北京城市创新空间结构的时空演化模式[J].地理学报,2016,70(12):1911-1925.[Duan Dezhong, Du Debin, Liu Chengliang. Spatial-temporal evolution mode of urban innovation spatial structure:A case study of Shanghai and Beijing[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016,70(12):1911-1925.]

[40] Asheim B T, Isaksen A. Regional innovation systems:The integration of local ‘sticky’ and global ‘ubiquitous’ knowledge[J]. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 2002,27(1):77-86.

[41] Meijers E. Polycentric urban regions and the quest for synergy:Is a network of cities more than the sum of the parts[J]. Urban Studies, 2005,42(4):765-781.

[42] Keller W. Geographic localization of international technology diffusion[J]. The American Economic Review, 2002,92(1):120-142.

[43] Harabi N. Channels of R & D spillovers:An empirical investigation of Swiss firms[J]. Technovation, 1997,17(11):627-635.

[44] 牛欣,陈向东.城市间创新联系及创新网络空间结构研究[J].管理学报,2013,10(4):575-582.[Niu Xin, Chenxiang Dong. Innovation connection between cities and spatial structure of innovation network[J]. Chinese Journal of Management, 2013,10(4):575-582.]

[45] Jaffe A B, Trajtenberg M. Patents, Citations, and Innovations:A Window on the Knowledge Economy[M]. Cambridge:The MIT Press, 2002:38-50.

[46] 吕国庆,曾刚,顾娜娜.经济地理学视角下区域创新网络的研究综述[J]. 经济地理,2014,34(2):1-8.[Lu Guoqing, Zeng Gang, Gu Nana. Literature review of regional innovation network:An economic geographical perspective[J]. Economic Geography, 2014,34(2):1-8.]

[47] Jaffe A B, Trajtenberg M. International knowledge flows:Evidence from patent citations[J]. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 1999,8(1):105-136.

[48] Peri G. Determinants of knowledge flows and their effect on innovation[J]. Review of Economics and Statistics, 2005,87(2):308-322.

[49] Maggioni M A, Nosvelli M, Uberti T E. Space versus networks in the geography of innovation:A European analysis[J]. Papers in Regional Science, 2007,86(3):471-493.

[50] 吕拉昌,梁政骥,黄茹.中国主要城市间的创新联系研究[J].地理科学,2016,35(1):30-37.[Lv Lachang, Liang Zhangji, Huang Ru. The innovation linkage among Chinese major cities[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2016,35(1):30-37.]

[51] Sternitzke C, Bartkowski A, Schramm R. Visualizing patent statistics by means of social network analysis tools[J]. World Patent Information, 2008,30(2):115-131.

[52] Carlino G, Kerr W R. Agglomeration and innovation[R/OL].(2014-08-04)[2016-10-11]. National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper20367, http://nber.org/papers/w20367.

[53] Audretsch D B, Feldman M P. R & D spillovers and the geography of innovation and production[J]. The American Economic Review, 1996,86(3):630-640.

[54] Audretsch D B. Agglomeration and the location of innovative activity[J]. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 1998,14(2):18-29.

[55] Glaeser E L. Learning in cities[J]. Journal of Urban Economics, 1999,46(2):254-277.

[56] 刘毅,汪波.基于隐性知识溢出的创新集群形成演化机理研究[J]. 科技进步与对策,2012,29(2):136-140.[Liu Yi, Wang Bo. Based on the innovation of the tacit knowledge spillover cluster formation mechanism of the evolution of the study[J]. Science & Technology Progress and Policy, 2012,29(2):136-140.]

[57] Teece D J. Towards an economic theory of the multiproduct firm[J]. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 1982,3(1):39-63.

[58] 王福涛,钟书华.基于成本变动的创新集群集聚耦合现象研究[J]. 科技进步与对策,2011,28(3):55-59.[Wang Futao, Zhong Shuhua. Based on the research innovation cluster agglomeration coupling phenomenon of cost change[J]. Science & Technology Progress and Policy, 2011,28(3):55-59.]

[59] Love J H, Roper S. Location and network effects on innovation success:Evidence for UK, German and Irish manufacturing plants[J]. Research Policy, 2001,30(4):643-661.

[60] Bagella M, Becchetti L. The "geographical agglomeration-private R&D expenditure" effect:Empirical evidence on Italian data[J]. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 2002,11(3):233-247.

[61] Leiponen A. Skills and innovation[J]. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 2005,23(5):303-323.

[62] Boschma R, Eriksson R H, Lindgren U. Labour market externalities and regional growth in Sweden:The importance of labour mobility between skill-related industries[J]. Regional Studies, 2014,48(10):1669-1690.

[63] Gerlach H, Rønde T, Stahl K. Labor pooling in R&D intensive industries[J]. Journal of Urban Economics, 2009,65(1):99-111.

[64] Berliant M, Reed R R, Wang P. Knowledge exchange, matching, and agglomeration[J]. Journal of Urban Economics, 2006,60(1):69-95.

[65] Strange W, Hejazi W, Tang J. The uncertain city:Competitive instability, skills, innovation and the strategy of agglomeration[J]. Journal of Urban Economics, 2006,59(3):331-351.

[66] Rotemberg J J, Saloner G. Competition and human capital accumulation:A theory of interregional specialization and trade[J]. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 2000,30(4):373-404.

[67] Fallick B, Fleischman C A, Rebitzer J B. Job-hopping in Silicon Valley:Some evidence concerning the microfoundations of a hightechnology cluster[J]. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2006,88(3):472-481.

[68] Tan J. Growth of industry clusters and innovation:Lessons from Beijing Zhongguancun Science Park[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2006,21(6):827-850.

[69] Porter M E. Clusters and the New Economics of Competition[M]. Boston:Harvard Business Review, 1998:77-90.

[70] Gerlach H, Rønde T, Stahl K. Labor pooling in R & D intensive industries[J]. Journal of Urban Economics, 2009,65(1):99-111.

[71] Kolympiris C, Kalaitzandonakes N, Miller D. Spatial collocation and venture capital in the US biotechnology industry[J]. Research Policy, 2011,40(9):1188-1199.

[72] Gompers P, Lerner J. The venture capital revolution[J]. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2001,15(2):145-168.

[73] Schilling M A. Toward a general modular systems theory and its application to interfirm product modularity[J]. Academy of Management Review, 2000,25(2):312-334.

[74] Morgan R M, Hunt S D. The commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing[J]. The Journal of Marketing, 1994,58(3):20-38.

[75] Storper M. The resurgence of regional economies, ten years later the region as a nexus of untraded interdependencies[J]. European Urban and Regional Studies, 1995,2(3):191-221.

[76] Saxenian A L. The origins and dynamics of production networks in Silicon Valley[J]. Research Policy, 1991,20(5):423-437.

[77] Baranes E, Tropeano J P. Why are technological spillovers spatially bounded? A market orientated approach[J]. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 2003,33(4):445-466.

[78] 刘友金,黄鲁成.产业群集的区域创新优势与我国高新区的发展[J].中国工业经济,2001(2):33-37.[Liu Youjin, Huang Lucheng. Regional innovation advantage of industrial cluster and the development of high-tech zones in China[J]. China Industrial Economics, 2001(2):33-37.]

[79] Mansfield E. How rapidly does new industrial technology leak out?[J]. Journal of Industrial Economics, 1985,34(2):217-223.

[80] Roper S, Love J H, Bonner K. Firms’knowledge search and local knowledge externalities in innovation performance[J]. Research Policy, 2017,46(1):43-56.

[81] Allen P M. Evolution:Complexity, uncertainty and innovation[J]. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 2014, 24(2):265-289.

[82] Friesenbichler K, Peneder M. Innovation, competition and productivity[J]. Economics of Transition, 2016, 24(3):535-580.

[83] Nelson A, Earle A, Howard-Grenville J, et al. Do innovation measures actually measure innovation? Obliteration, symbolic adoption, and other finicky challenges in tracking innovation diffusion[J]. Research Policy, 2014,43(6):927-940.

[84] Acemoglu D, Akcigit U, Kerr W R. Innovation network[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2016,113(41):11483-11488.

[85] Capello R, Lenzi C. Innovation modes and entrepreneurial behavioral characteristics in regional growth[J]. Small Business Economics, 2016,47(4):875-893.

[86] Ganotakis P, Love J H. The Innovation Value Chain in New Technology-Based Firms:Evidence from the UK[J]. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 2012,29(5):839-860.

[87] Tavassoli S. Innovation determinants over industry life cycle[J]. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2015,91:18-32.

[88] Makkonen T, Rohde S. Cross-border regional innovation systems:Conceptual backgrounds, empirical evidence and policy implications[J]. European Planning Studies, 2016,24(9):1623-1642.

[89] Van Oort F G, Lambooy J G. Cities, Knowledge, and Innovation[M]//Fischer M M, Nijkamp P. Handbook of Regional Science. Berlin Heidelberg:Springer, 2014:475-488.

[90] Parrilli M D, Nadvi K, Yeung H W. Local and regional development in global value chains, production networks and innovation networks:A comparative review and the challenges for future research[J]. European Planning Studies, 2013,21(7):967-988.

[91] Feldman M P, Kogler D F. Handbook of the Economics of Innovation[M]. Amsterdam:North-Holland Elsevier Publishers, 2010:381-410.