中国城市社会阶层空间化评价的思路与方法

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摘要探索了一种专门适用于中国城市内部社会阶层空间化评价的思路与方法，提出“五等级+八阶层+三视角”的分析框架。主要过程为：①以职业身份为基础划分为八大社会阶层；②基于组织资源、经济资源、文化资源占有情况归入到五大社会经济等级并赋分值；③选取适宜的空间尺度构建城市社会阶层评价区；④提出一种平均社会阶层水平（ASC）、社会阶层区位熵（LQSC）、阶层差异指数（ISC）的计算方法，并综合评价各社会阶层区的平均社会阶层、主导社会阶层、内部阶层差异特征。将该方法应用到广州市的案例研究，结果表明：广州市社会阶层呈现明显的空间集聚与空间分异；不同社会经济等级人士具有各自不同的区位指向；不同评价单元内部的社会阶层差异程度各异，且与平均社会阶层水平趋势相反。该思路可为中国城市内部社会阶层的空间化研究提供一个可供选择的视角。

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关键词 ：社会阶层, 社会空间, 社会经济等级, 空间评价, 广州市

Abstract：The pattern of social stratification in city is a core issue in the field of sociology and urban geography. However, rarely research catches the issue of spatial evaluation of social stratification in Chinese city. Therefore, we explore a new approach to evaluate spatial pattern of social stratification of Chinese city, and set forth a comprehensive framework including 5 socio-economic grades, 8 social classes, and 3 analysis aspects. The process of the approach is as follows:1) the social class are divided into 8 types of occupations including administrators of state and society, owners of enterprises, professionals, office clerks, individuallyowned business and commercial service persons, industrial workers, agricultural laborers, and unemployed persons; 2) 8 social class are classified into 5 socio-economic grades based on organizational resources, economic resources, and cultural resources occupied by people. 5 socio-economic grades we divided are upper classes, upper-middle classes, middle classes, lower-middle classes, and lower classes; 3) suitable spatial scale such as subdistrict or community is used to establish evaluate districts of social class; 4) the computational methods in terms of average social class (ASC), location quotient of social class (LQSC), and inequality indexes of social class (ISC) are proposed. The results show that:there exist obviously spatial agglomeration and spatial inequality of social class in Guangzhou.

Key words： social stratification social space socio-economic grade spatial evaluation Guangzhou

收稿日期: 2016-07-23

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金项目（41401164，41571128）；山东省软科学研究计划项目（2016RKC23002）

通讯作者: 金利霞(1976-),女,湖北咸宁人,副研究员,博士,主要研究方向为经济地理、区域发展与城乡规划。E-mail:jlx906@163.com。 E-mail: jlx906@163.com

作者简介: 王洋(1984-),男,黑龙江黑河人,副研究员,博士,主要研究方向为城市地理、城市与区域规划。E-mail:wyxkwy@163.com。

引用本文:

王洋, 张虹鸥, 金利霞, 叶玉瑶, 王长建, 黄耿志, 李秋颖. 中国城市社会阶层空间化评价的思路与方法[J]. 人文地理, 2017, 32(6): 15-23. WANG Yang, ZHANG Hong-ou, JIN Li-xia, YE Yu-yao, WANG Chang-jian, HUANG Geng-zhi, LI Qiu-ying. AN APPROACH OF SPATIAL EVALUATION OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION IN CHINESE CITY. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, 2017, 32(6): 15-23.

链接本文:

http://rwdl.xisu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://rwdl.xisu.edu.cn/CN/Y2017/V32/I6/15

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