计划行为还是理性行为？上海居民近城游憩行为研究

doi:10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2017.06.017

PDF(1568 KB)

人文地理 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6) : 137-145. DOI: 10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2017.06.017

旅游

计划行为还是理性行为？上海居民近城游憩行为研究

党宁¹, 吴必虎², 张雯霞¹

作者信息 +

PLANNED BEHAVIOR OR REASONED ACTION? THE STUDY ON SHANGHAI RESIDENTS' SUBURBAN RECREATION BEHAVIORS

DANG Ning¹, WU Bi-hu², ZHANG Wen-xia¹

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

在短途游憩渐成一种生活方式新常态的背景下，本文借鉴经典的理性行为理论与计划行为理论，构建城市居民近城游憩行为结构方程模型，讨论在中国情境下受时空制约较小的短途游憩行为及决策影响因素，并对上海317个样本进行实证检验。结果表明，相较于TPB模型，TRA模型对上海城市居民的近城游憩行为具有更好的解释力：态度与主观规范对近城游憩行为意向有正面影响，而行为意向能够直接预测实际游憩行为。通过对TRA与TPB在旅游与游憩研究中适用性的比较，拓展了两种理论在旅游与游憩行为研究中的应用边界。本文不仅为地方政府发展环城游憩带、鼓励市民开展近城游憩活动提供了理论依据，也为开发与经营近城游憩产品的企业制定有效的市场营销策略提供了借鉴。

Abstract

With the rapid development of economy in China and the increasing demands for recreation, it has been a popular life style and new normal for urban residents to spend their weekends and holidays for recreation at suburbs areas, which was named ReBAC (Recreational Belt around Cities) by previous literatures. Based on the classic TRA and TPB models and taking Shanghai as example, this study attempted to construct a theoretical model of urban residents' recreation behaviors at suburban area in China, and to test the applicability of TRA and TPB models both in the context of China mainland and for the short-haul recreation. 317 Shanghai residents who had recreation behaviors in the past year were surveyed, and Mplus 7.4 software was used to construct a structural equation model to explore relations among residents' attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control towards suburban recreation with their behavior intention and actual behavior. The results showed that:1) Shanghai residents' attitude and subjective norm towards suburban recreation have significant positive effects on their suburban recreation behavioral intention, and attitude plays a more important role than subjective norm; 2) Shanghai residents' intention of suburban recreation has a direct impact on their actual suburban recreation frequency; 3) Residents' perceived behavior control towards suburban recreation was not found to be related to their behavior intention or actual behavior, which shows TRA model more than TPB model has a good explanatory power to Chinese urban residents' suburban recreation behaviors.

导出引用

党宁, 吴必虎, 张雯霞. 计划行为还是理性行为？上海居民近城游憩行为研究[J]. 人文地理. 2017, 32(6): 137-145 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2017.06.017

DANG Ning, WU Bi-hu, ZHANG Wen-xia. PLANNED BEHAVIOR OR REASONED ACTION? THE STUDY ON SHANGHAI RESIDENTS' SUBURBAN RECREATION BEHAVIORS[J]. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2017, 32(6): 137-145 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2017.06.017

中图分类号： F59

参考文献

[1] 国家统计局.中华人民共和国2016年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL].(2017-02-28)[2017-06-30]. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201702/t20170228_1467424.html.[National Bureau of Statistics of China. Statistical Communique on China's 2016 National Economic and Social Development[EB/OL]. (2017-02-28)[2017-06-30]. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201702/t20170228_1467424.htm1.]

[2] Wu B, Cai L. Spatial modeling:Suburban leisure in Shanghai[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2006,33(1):179-198.

[3] 吴必虎.大城市环城游憩带(ReBAM)研究[J].地理科学,2001,21(4):354-359.[Wu Bihu. A study on recreational belt around metropolis (ReBAM):Shanghai case[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2001,21(4):354-359.]

[4] 苏平,党宁,吴必虎.北京环城游憩带旅游地类型与空间结构特征[J].地理研究,2004,23(3):403-410.[Su Ping, Dang Ning, Wu Bihu. Attraction categories and spatial characteristics in recreational belt around metropolis:Beijing case study[J]. Geographical Research, 2004,23(3):403-410.]

[5] 李仁杰,杨紫英,孙桂平,等.大城市环城游憩带成熟度评价体系与北京市实证分析[J].地理研究,2010,29(8):1416-1426.[Li Renjie, Yang Ziying, Sun Guiping, et al. The evaluation system and methods designed for estimating the developing maturation of recreation belt around metropolises[J]. Geographical Research, 2010,29(8):1416-1426.]

[6] 李江敏,刘承良.武汉环城游憩地空间演变研究[J].人文地理,2006, 21(6):90-96.[Li Jiangmin, Liu Chengliang. Study on spatial evolution of recreational area around Wuhan metropolitan[J]. Human Geography, 2006,21(6):90-96.]

[7] 杨利,马湘恋.长沙市环城游憩地空间结构特征[J].经济地理,2015, 35(10):218-224.[Yang Li, Ma Xianglian. The space structure feature of the recreational belt around metropolis of Changsha[J]. Economic Geography, 2015,35(10):218-224.]

[8] 王淑华.大城市环城游憩带发展态势研究[J].城市问题,2006(1):31-33.[Wang Shuhua. A study on development situation of recreational belts around metropolis[J]. Urban Problems, 2006(1):31-33.]

[9] 赵媛,徐玮.近10年来我国环城游憩带(ReBAM)研究进展[J].经济地理,2008,28(3):492-496.[Zhao Yuan, Xu Wei. Advancement of ReBAM research in our country during the 10 years[J]. Economic Geography, 2008,28(3):492-496.]

[10] 党宁.休闲时代的城郊游憩空间:环城游憩带(ReBAM)研究[M]. 上海:上海人民出版社,2011:238-242.[Dang Ning. Suburban Recreation Space in Leisure Era:A Study on ReBAC[M]. Shanghai:Shanghai People's Publishing House, 2011:238-242.]

[11] 李江敏,张立明.都市居民环城游憩行为初探——以武汉市为例[J].开发研究,2004(6):83-85.[Li Jiangmin, Zhang Liming. An exploratory study on recreational behavior around urban area:A case of Wuhan city[J]. Research on Development, 2004(6):83-85.]

[12] 彭顺生.广州市居民环城游憩行为特征研究[J].人文地理,2007,22(1):53-57.[Peng Shunsheng. Study on the characteristics of recreational behavior around Guangzhou among Guangzhou residents[J]. Human Geography, 2007,22(1):53-57.]

[13] 彭顺生.穗港澳居民环城游憩行为比较研究[J].旅游学刊,2006,21(12):22-28.[Peng Shunsheng. A comparative study on the behaviors of touring recreational belts around metropolises among the residents of Guangzhou, Hongkong and Macau[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2006,21(12):22-28.]

[14] 吴必虎,伍佳,党宁.旅游城市本地居民环城游憩偏好:杭州案例研究[J].人文地理,2007,22(2):27-31.[Wu Bihu, Wu Jia, Dang Ning. Local residents' recreation preference around metropolis in a tourism city:Case study in Hangzhou Municipality[J]. Human Geography, 2007,22(2):27-31.]

[15] Fishbein M, Ajzen I. Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior:An Introduction to Theory and Research[M]. Reading, MA:AddisonWesley, 1975:2-10.

[16] 于丹,董大海,刘瑞明,等.理性行为理论及其拓展研究的现状与展望[J].心理科学进展,2008,6(5):796-802.[Yu Dan, Dong Dahai, Liu Ruiming, et al. Theory of Reasoned Action and its extending researches[J]. Advances in Psychological Science, 2008,6(5):796-802.]

[17] 张辉,白长虹,李储凤.消费者网络购物意向分析——理性行为理论与计划行为理论的比较[J].软科学,2011,25(9):130-135.[Zhang Hui, Bai Changhong, Li Chufeng. Study on consumers' online purchasing intention:Comparison between TRA and TPB[J]. Soft Science, 2011,25(9):130-135.]

[18] Ajzen I. From intentions to actions:A theory of planned behavior[M]//Kuhl J, Beckman J(Eds). Action-control:From Cognition to Behavior. Heidelberg:Springer, 1985:11-39.

[19] Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior[J]. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 1991,50(2):179-211.

[20] Perugini M, Bagozzi R P. The role of desires and anticipated emotions in goal-directed behaviours:Broadening and deepening the theory of planned behaviour[J]. British Journal of Social Psychology, 2001,40(1):79-98.

[21] Sparks P, Shepherd R. Self-identity and the theory of planned behavior:Assessing the role of identification with "green consumerism"[J]. Social Psychology Quarterly, 1992,55(4):388-399.

[22] Parker D, Manstead A S R, Stradling S G. Extending the theory of planned behaviour:The role of personal norm[J]. British Journal of Social Psychology, 1995,34(2):127-138.

[23] Parker D, Reason J T, Manstead A S R, et al. Driving errors, driving violations and accident involvement[J]. Ergonomics, 1995,38(5):1036-1048.

[24] Richard R, Van der Pligt J, De Vries N K. Anticipated affective reactions and prevention of AIDS[J]. British Journal of Social Psychology, 1995,34(1):9-21.

[25] Ouellette J A, Wood W. Habit and intention in everyday life:The multiple processes by which past behavior predicts future behavior[J]. Psychological Bulletin, 1998,124(1):54-74.

[26] Oh H, Hsu C H C. Volitional degrees of gambling behaviors[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2001,28(3):618-637.

[27] Lam T, Hsu C H C. Predicting behavioral intention of choosing a travel destination[J]. Tourism Management, 2006,27(4):589-599.

[28] Baker D A, Crompton J L. Quality, satisfaction and behavioral intentions[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2000,27(3):785-804.

[29] Cronin Jr J J, Taylor S A. SERVPERF versus SERVQUAL:Reconciling performance-based and perceptions-minus-expectations measurement of service quality[J]. The Journal of Marketing, 1994,58(1):125-131.

[30] Quintal V, Lee J. How risk and uncertainty perceptions affect travel decisions to Australia[C]//Richardson S, Fredline L, Patiar A, et al (Eds.). CAUTHE 2008:Tourism and Hospitality Research, Training and Practice. Gold Coast:Griffith University, 2008:29-34.

[31] 宋慧林,吕兴洋,蒋依依.人口特征对居民出境旅游目的地选择的影响——一个基于TPB模型的实证分析[J].旅游学刊,2016,31(2):33-43.[Song Huilin, Lv Xingyang, Jiang Yiyi. The effects of characteristics of tourists on Chinese outbound tourism destination choice behavior:An empirical study based on TPB model[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2016,31(2):33-43.]

[32] 周玲强,李秋成,朱琳.行为效能、人地情感与旅游者环境负责行为意愿:一个基于计划行为理论的改进模型[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2014,44(2):88-98.[Zhou Lingqiang, Li Qiucheng, Zhu Lin. Outcome efficacy, people-destination affect, and tourists environmentally responsible behavior intention:A revised model based on the theory of planned behavior[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Humanities and Social Sciences), 2014,44(2):88-98.]

[33] Chen M F, Tung P J. Developing an extended theory of planned behavior model to predict consumers' intention to visit green hotels[J]. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 2014,36:221-230.

[34] Kaplan S, Manca F, Nielsen T A S, et al. Intentions to use bike-sharing for holiday cycling:An application of the Theory of Planned Behavior[J]. Tourism Management, 2015,47:34-46.

[35] Lee H S. Examining neighborhood influences on leisure-time walking in older Korean adults using an extended theory of planned behavior[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2016,148:51-60.

[36] Swan J. Disconfirmation of expectations and satisfaction with a retail service[J]. Journal of Retailing, 1981,57(3):49-66.

[37] Lam T, Hsu C H C. Theory of planned behavior:Potential travelers from China[J]. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 2004, 28(4):463-482.

[38] 丁丽英.基于计划行为理论的福州居民赴台旅游行为意向研究[J].吉林师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 34(1):117-119.[Ding Liying. Research of Fuzhou residents to Taiwan tourism intention based on the theory of planned behavior[J]. Journal of Jilin Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2013,34(1):117-119.]

[39] Ragheb M G, Beard J G. Measuring leisure attitude[J]. Journal of Leisure Research, 1982,14(2):155-167.

[40] Schmoll G A. Tourism Promotion:Marketing Background, Promotion Techniques and Promotion Planning Methods[M]. London:Tourism International Press, 1977:1-136.

[41] Um S, Crompton J L. The roles of image and perceived constraints at different stages in the tourist's destination decision process[M]//Pizam A, Mansfeld Y (Eds). Consumer Behavior in Travel and Tourism. Binghanton, NY:The Haworth Hospitality Press, 1999:81-102.

[42] Boulding W, Kalra A, Staelin R, et al. A dynamic process model of service quality:From expectations to behavioral intentions[J]. Journal of Marketing Research, 1993,30(1):7-27.

[43] Cronin J J, Brady M K, Hult G T M. Assessing the effects of quality, value, and customer satisfaction on consumer behavioral intentions in service environments[J]. Journal of Retailing, 2000, 76(2):193-218.

[44] Muthén L K, Muthén B O. Mplus User's Guide (7^th edition)[M].Los Angeles, CA:Muthén & Muthén, 2012:1-11.

[45] Hair J F, Black W C, Babin B J, et al. Multivariate Data Analysis (7^th edition)[M]. Upper Saddle River:Pearson Prentice Hall, 2010:122-123.

[46] Boomsma A, Hoogland J J. The robustness of LISREL modeling revisited[M]//Cudeck R, du Toit S, Sörbom D (Eds). Structural Equation Models:Present and Future. A Festschrift in Honor of Karl Joreskog. Chicago:Scientific Software International, 2001:139-168.

[47] 徐云杰.社会调查设计与数据分析:从立题到发表[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2011:124.[Xu Yunjie. The Social Survey Design and Data Analysis:From Finding the Topic to Publication[M]. Chongqing:Chongqing University Press, 2011:124.]

[48] 陈晓燕,黄震方,汤傅加,等.基于总体态度中介变量的事件旅游影响居民感知与支持行为研究——以第八届中国花博会为例[J].人文地理,2016,31(5):106-112.[Chen Xiaoyan, Huang Zhenfang, Tang Fujia, et al. Tourism impact perception and supportive behavior of residents for event tourism based on overall attitude as mediator variable:The case study of the eighth China Flower Expo[J]. Human Geography, 2016,31(5):106-112.]

[49] 苏国良,吴必虎,党宁.中小城市家庭规模与游憩行为的关系研究[J]. 旅游学刊,2007,22(6):53-58.[Su Guoliang, Wu Bihu, Dang Ning. A study on relationship between family size and family recreational behavior in medium and small cities[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2007,22(6):53-58.]

[50] 罗江,迟英庆.基于理性行为理论的消费者行为研究综述[J].商业经济研究,2016(6):34-37.[Luo Jiang, Chi Yingqing. Literature review on consumer behavior studies base on the theory of reasoned action[J]. Journal of Commercial Economics, 2016(6):34-37.]