西北地区农村儿童日常生活时空间特征研究

doi:10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2018.03.010

PDF(3031 KB)

人文地理 ›› 2018, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3) : 78-88. DOI: 10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2018.03.010

区域

西北地区农村儿童日常生活时空间特征研究

赵雪雁¹, 李东泽^1,2, 李巍¹, 严江平¹

作者信息 +

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RURAL CHILDREN'S DAILY LIVES IN NORTHWEST CHINA

ZHAO Xue-yan¹, LI Dong-ze^1,2, LI Wei¹, YAN Jiang-ping¹

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

以甘肃省平凉市华亭县河西村、马家堡村为研究区，采用生活日志调查、感知图像、访谈等方法，获取案例村乡村儿童一周生活日志调查数据、一周生活内容回忆图画以及访谈数据，揭示了西北地区农村儿童日常生活的时空间规律：①学校作息时间、家庭就餐时间是农村儿童日常生活时间节律性的主要控制因素，游戏时间、看电视时间形成日常生活时间节奏的重要节点；周内与周末时间利用具有节奏相似性和内容差异性。②农村儿童日常生活空间类型有限，并且具有动态性，广场、院落周边是农村儿童户外生活的重要场所；③不同类型农村儿童日常生活时空间特征具有差异性，具体表现在留守儿童与父母在家型儿童、男童与女童的差异。研究认为，应从社会生态系统角度全面认识农村儿童日常生活。社会排斥、非社会性行为从社会、心理两方面影响农村儿童日常生活时空间行为。

Abstract

The equitable and healthy development of children is an important social issue in China. The healthy development of rural children is essential for the goal of comprehensively building a prosperous society. Understanding the spatial and temporal characteristics of rural children's daily lives can help reveal origins of uneven development of urban and rural children, refine the policy for the allocation of public infrastructure and facilities, and ensure the equal development rights for rural children. We studied the spatial and temporal characteristics of the daily lives of 22 primary school-aged rural children, in two villages in Northwest China. We collected one-week daily life logs, one-week life memory pictures, and interview data, and analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics of the children's daily lives. School rest time and family meal time are the main controlling factors of rhythm, with game playing and TV watching the two prominent points. Time usage on weekdays and weekends had the same rhythm, but differed in content. The spatial types of daily live activities were limited and dynamic, with public squares and spaces near the family compounds as major places for outdoor activities. Spatial and temporal characteristics differed by social category (left-behind children and children living with parents) and gender. The results indicated that social exclusion and children's non-social behaviors affected the spatial and temporal characteristics of their daily lives in social and psychological aspects.

导出引用

赵雪雁, 李东泽, 李巍, 严江平. 西北地区农村儿童日常生活时空间特征研究[J]. 人文地理. 2018, 33(3): 78-88 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2018.03.010

ZHAO Xue-yan, LI Dong-ze, LI Wei, YAN Jiang-ping. SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RURAL CHILDREN'S DAILY LIVES IN NORTHWEST CHINA[J]. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2018, 33(3): 78-88 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2018.03.010

中图分类号： C912.8

参考文献

[1] 陆士桢,陈丽英.论当前我国儿童的生存与发展——盘点2015年一系列重大恶性儿童事件[J].中国青年政治学院学报,2016,35(2):1-8.[Lu Shizhen, Chen Liying. Survival and development of children in China:Summary of a series of vicious events involving children in 2015[J]. Journal of Chinese Youth Social Science, 2016,35(2):1-8.]

[2] 段成荣,吕利丹,郭静,等.我国农村留守儿童生存和发展基本状况——基于第六次人口普查数据的分析[J].人口学刊,2013,35(3):37-49.[Duan Chengrong, Lv Lidan, Guo Jing, et al. Survnival and development of left-behind children in rural China:Based on the analysis of sixth census data[J]. Population Journal, 2013,35(3):37-49.]

[3] 张艳,柴彦威.北京城市中低收入者日常活动时空间特征分析[J]. 地理科学,2011,31(9):1056-1064.[Zhang Yan, Chai Yanwei. Analysis of the spatial characteristics of the daily activities of the middle and low income people in Beijing[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2011,31(9):1056-1064.]

[4] 马雯蕊,柴彦威.就业郊区化背景下郊区就业者日常活动时空间特征研究——以北京上地地区为例[J].地域研究与开发,2017,36(1):66-71.[Ma Wenrui, Chai Yanwei. Spatial-temporal figures of suburban workers' daily activities from the perspective of employment suburbanization:Case of Shangdi area in Beijing city[J]. Areal Research and Development, 2017,36(1):66-71.]

[5] Matthews H, Limb M. Defining an agenda for the geography of children:Review and prospect[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 1999, 23(1):61-90.

[6] Matthews H, Limb M, Taylor M. Young people's participation and representation in society[J]. Geoforum, 1999,30(2):135-144.

[7] Tucker F, Matthews H. ‘They don’t like girls hanging around there':Conflicts over recreational space in rural Northamptonshire[J]. Area, 2001,33(2):161-168.

[8] Könen T, Dirk J, Leonhardt A, et al. The interplay between sleep behavior and affect in elementary school children's daily life[J]. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2016,150:1-15.

[9] Barker J E, Semenov A D, Michaelson L, et al. Less-structured time in children's daily lives predicts self-directed executive functioning[J]. Frontiers in Psychology, 2014,5:1-16.

[10] Young L, Barrett H. Adapting visual methods:Action research with Kampala street children[J]. Area, 2001,33(2):141-152.

[11] Fassetta G. Using photography in research with young migrants:Addressing questions of visibility, movement and personal spaces[J]. Children's Geographies, 2016,14(6):701-715.

[12] 韩西丽,Sternudd C,赵文强.城市儿童户外体力活动研究进展[J]. 人文地理,2011,26(6):29-33.[Han Xili, Sternudd C, Zhao Wenqiang. Research progress on outdoor physical activity of urban children[J]. Human Geography, 2011,26(6):29-33.]

[13] 王冬,韩西丽.北京城中村儿童户外体力活动环境影响因子分析——以大有庄,骚子营邻里为例[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版), 2012,48(5):841-847.[Wang Dong, Han Xili. Children's outdoor physical activities in Beijing "urban-village" neighborhood subjected to environmental factors:A case study on Dayouzhuang and Saoziying neighborhood[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2012,48(5):841-847.]

[14] 叶成康,韩见,韩西丽.旅游开发对胡同社区中儿童户外体力活动机会的影响——以钟楼湾和鼓楼苑社区为例[J].西部人居环境学刊,2014,29(4):107-113.[Ye Chengkang, Han Jian, Han Xili. The impact of tourism development on children's outdoor physical activities in hutong community of Beijing:A case study of Zhonglouwan and Gulouyuan community[J]. Journal of Human Settlements in West China, 2014,29(4):107-113.]

[15] 曲琛,韩西丽.城市邻里环境在儿童户外体力活动方面的可供性研究——以北京市燕东园社区为例[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2015,51(3):531-538.[Qu Chen, Han Xili. Affordancesof urban neighborhood environment for children's outdoor physical activities:A case study in Yandongyuan, Beijing[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2015,51(3):531-538.]

[16] 李峥嵘,柴彦威.大连城市居民周末休闲时间的利用特征[J].经济地理,1999,19(5):80-84.[Li Zhengrong, Chai Yanwei. Characteristiecs of citizen's leisure time use on weekends in Dalian city[J]. Economic Geography, 1999,19(5):80-84.]

[17] 仵宗卿,柴彦威,张志斌.天津市民购物行为特征研究[J].地理科学, 2000,20(6):534-539.[Wu Zongqing, Chai Yanwei, Zhang Zhibin. The characteristics of shopping behaviors of Tianjin's residents[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2000,20(6):534-539.]

[18] 龚华,柴彦威,刘志林.深圳市民工作日生活活动时空结构特征研究[J].人文地理,2000,15(6):64-70.[Gong Hua, Chai Yanwei, Liu Zhilin. Analysis of the time-space structure of Shenzhen citizen's daily activity[J]. Human Geography, 2000,15(6):64-70.]

[19] 李昌霞,柴彦威,刘璇.北京城市老年人购物决策过程中的评价性认知特征[J].人文地理,2004,19(6):89-92.[Li Changxia, Chai Yanwei, Liu Xuan. The characteristics of appraisive cognition of the elderly in Beijing during shopping decistion-making process[J]. Human Geography, 2004,19(6):89-92.]

[20] 张艳,柴彦威.基于居住区比较的北京城市通勤研究[J].地理研究, 2009,28(5):1327-1340.[Zhang Yan, Chai Yanwei. Characteristics of commuting pattern in Beijing:Based on the comparison of different urban residential areas[J]. Geographical Research, 2009,28(5):1327-1340.]

[21] 周素红,刘玉兰.转型期广州城市居民居住与就业地区位选择的空间关系及其变迁[J]. 地理学报,2010,65(2):191-201.[Zhou Suhong, Liu Yulan. The stuation and transition of jobs-housing relocation in Guangzhou, China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2010,65(2):191-201.]

[22] 张文忠,李业锦.北京城市居民消费区位偏好与决策行为分析——以西城区和海淀中心地区为例[J].地理学报,2006,61(10):1037-1045.[Zhang Wenzhong, Li Yejin. Study on residents' shopping location preference and shopping location choice:A case on Xicheng and Haidian districts of Beijing[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006,61(10):1037-1045.]

[23] 张文佳,柴彦威.基于家庭的购物行为时、空间决策模型及其应用[J].地理研究,2010,29(2):338-350.[Zhang Wenjia, Chai Yanwei. A household-based model of shopping decision-making behavior in timing and destination choice:Formulation and application to spatial policy evaluation[J]. Geographical Research, 2010,29(2):338-350.]

[24] 王德,马力.2010年上海世博会参观者时空分布模拟分析[J].城市规划学刊,2009(5):64-70.[Wang De, Ma Li. Simulation analysis of spatiotemporal distribution of visitors in Shanghai World Expo 2010[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2009(5):64-70.]

[25] 柴彦威,刘志林.中国城市的时空间结构[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2002:237.[Chai Yanwei, Liu Zhilin. The Temporal and Spatial Structure of Chinese Cities[M]. Beijing:Peking University Press, 2002:237.]

[26] 许晓霞,柴彦威.城市女性休闲活动的影响因素及差异分析——基于休息日与工作日的对比[J].城市发展研究,2011,18(12):95-100.[Xu Xiaoxia, Chai Yanwei. A study on influencing factors of women' leisure behavior and the differences between weekday and weekend[J]. Urban Studies, 2011,18(12):95-100.]

[27] 周洁,柴彦威.中国老年人空间行为研究进展[J].地理科学进展, 2013,32(5):722-732.[Zhou Jie, Chai Yanwei. Research progress on spatial behaviors of the elderly in China[J]. Progress in Geography, 2013,32(5):722-732.]

[28] 申育林.让农村儿童享有平等生存发展的权利——由贵州五名流浪儿童死亡引起的思考[J].农村经济与科技,2013,24(5):153-153.[Shen Yulin. Let rural children enjoy the right of equal survival and development:Thinking caused by the death of five wandering children in Guizhou[J]. Rural Economy and Science-Technology, 2013, 24(5):153-153.]

[29] 曹桂玲,赵映川.精准扶贫政策背景下农村留守儿童教育问题研究[J].农村经济与科技,2016,27(17):269-271.[Cao Guiling, Zhao Yingchuan. A study on the education of left-behind children in the background of precise poverty alleviation policy[J]. Rural Economy and Science-Technology, 2016,27(17):269-271.]

[30] 何敬高.精准扶贫视野下留守儿童问题解决的路径[J].社会福利(理论版),2016(12):29-31.[He Jingao. The path of solving the problem of left-behind children from the perspective of precise poverty alleviation[J]. China Social Welfare, 2016(12):29-31.]

[31] Lehman-Frisch S, Authier J Y, Dufaux F. ‘Draw me your neighbourhood’:A gentrified Paris neighbourhood through its children's eyes[J]. Children's Geographies, 2012,10(1):17-34.

[32] 柴彦威,王恩宙.时间地理学的基本概念与表示方法[J].经济地理, 1997,17(3):55-61.[Chai Yanwei, Wang Enzhou. Basic concepts and notation of time-geography[J]. Economic Geography, 1997,17(3):55-61.]

[33] 刘辉.发达城市影子教育的发展:调查与反思——以广州市为例[J].当代教育科学,2014(21):43-46.[Liu Hui. The development of shadow education in developed cities:Investigation and reflection:Taking Guangzhou as an example[J]. Contemporary Education Science, 2014(21):43-46.]

[34] 卢珂.北京市中小学生教育补习状况的调查研究[J].上海教育科研,2016(5):37-40.[Lu Ke. Investigation and study of educational tutoring situation of primary and middle school students in Beijing[J]. Shanghai Research on Education, 2016(5):37-40.]

[35] 胡全柱,葛蓓蓓.儿童游戏的社会学解读[J].体育与科学,2011,32(5):15-18.[Hu Quanzhu, Ge Beibei. The sociological interpretation of child games[J]. Journal of Sports and Science, 2011,32(5):15-18.]

[36] Lester S, Russell W. Children's right to play:An examination of the importance of play in the lives of children worldwide. Working papers in early childhood development, no.57[R]. Netherlands:Bernard Van Leer Foundation, 2010:80.

[37] Yang Q, Webb G. Proceedings of the 9th Pacific Rim international conference on Artificial intelligence[C]. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 2006:289-290.

[38] 卜卫.电视和儿童社会化[J].青年研究,1994(10):21-24.[Bu Wei. Television and children's socialization[J]. Youth Research, 1994(10):21-24.]

[39] 沃建中.电视对儿童成长的影响[J].电视研究,2004(1):17-19.[Wo Jianzhong. Influence of television programs on children's growth[J]. TV Research, 2004(1):187-189.]

[40] 杨斌成.不良电视节目对儿童的影响及对策[J].新闻界,2012(15):66-68.[Yang Bincheng. The influence and countermeasures of bad TV programs on children[J]. Journalism Research, 2012(15):66-68.]

[41] 马冠生,李艳平,胡小琪,等.我国城市儿童少年看电视时间的研究[J].中国健康教育,2002,18(7):411-413.[Ma Guansheng, Li Yanpin, Hu Xiaoqi, et al. The television viewing time of children and adolescents living in urban China[J]. Chinese Journal of Health Education, 2002,18(7):411-413.]

[42] 张越伦,张欢,王欢,等.屏幕时间对儿童青少年肥胖的影响研究进展[J]. 中国学校卫生,2012,33(11):1403-1405.[Zhang Yuelun, Zhang Huan, Wang Huan, et al. Research progress on the effect of screen time on obesity in children and adolescents[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2012,33(11):1403-1405.]

[43] 韩嘉玲.城乡的分野与儿童群体的分化[J].中国党政干部论坛, 2013(9):21-25.[Han Jialing. The division of urban and rural areas and the differentiation of children[J]. Chinese Cadres Tribune, 2013(9):21-25.]

[44] 周雪霞,李艳婷.独特家庭结构下留守儿童社会化问题探析[J].法制与社会,2015(7):165-166.[Zhou Xuexia, Li Yanting. On the socialization of left-behind children under the unique family structure[J]. Legal System and Society, 2015(7):165-166.]

[45] 严燕华.家庭结构与儿童社会性发展的关系研究——以武进区农村儿童为例[J].沙洋师范高等专科学校学报,2009,10(4):28-33.[Yan Yanhua. A study of the relationship between family structure and children's social development:Taking the rural children in Wujin District as an example[J]. Journal of Shayang Teachers College, 2009,10(4):28-33.]

[46] 钱玉燕.儿童性别角色差异及其教育[J].陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2002,31(s1):85-88.[Qian Yuyan. Gender differences in children and their education[J]. Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 2002,31(s1):85-88.]

[47] 黄海.从留守儿童到乡村"混混"[J].当代青年研究,2008(7):29-36.[Huang Hai. Fromleft-behind children to the village "bludger"[J]. Contemporary Youth Research, 2008(7):29-36.]

[48] 付立华.社会生态系统理论视角下的社区矫正与和谐社区建设[J].中国人口·资源与环境, 2009,19(4):125-128.[Fu Lihua. Correction in the community based on the society ecosystem theory[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2009,19(4):125-128.]

[49] 艾伦·普劳特.童年的未来:对儿童的跨学科研究[M].华桦,译.上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2014:53,61.[Prout A. Future of Childhood:Toward the Interdisciplinary Study of Children[M]. Hua Hua, trans. Shanghai:Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Press, 2014:53,61.]

[50] 杨国涛.中国西部农村贫困演进与分布研究[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2009:133.[Yang Guotao. Study on the Evolution and Distribution of Rural Poverty in Western China[M]. Beijing:China Financial & Economic Publishing House, 2009:133.]

[51] 何汇江.城市贫困群体的社会分裂与融合[J].人文杂志,2004(3):164-169.[He Huijiang. Socialdivision and integration of urban poor groups[J]. The Journal of Humanities, 2004(3):164-169.]

[52] 王笑,刘一芙.社会排斥视角下贫困儿童的健康公平探讨[J].理论界,2013(7):82-84.[Wang Xiao, Liu Yifu. A study on the health equity of poor children from the perspective of social exclusion[J]. Theory Horizon, 2013(7):82-84.]

[53] 张金兰.公共政策视角下农村留守儿童问题探析[J].特区经济, 2010(6):153-154.[Zhang Jinlan. A study on the problem of left-behind children in rural areas from the perspective of public policy[J]. Special Zone Economy, 2010(6):153-154.]

[54] 蔡玉军,罗国芬,邓喜芬.留守儿童社会化研究的新视角:非社会性行为理论[J].青年探索,2005(6):20-24.[Cai Yujun, Luo Guofen, Deng Xifen. A new perspective on the socialization of left-behind children:The non-social behavior theory[J]. Youth Studies, 2005(6):20-24.]

[55] 黄世贤.我国农村公共服务政策回顾与评价[J].江西财经大学学报,2009(2):47-53.[Huang Shixian. A review of China's policy of public services in rural areas[J]. Journal of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, 2009(2):47-53.]

[56] 贺雪峰,印子. "小农经济"与农业现代化的路径选择——兼评农业现代化激进主义[J].政治经济学评论,2015,6(2):45-65.[He Xuefeng, Yin Zi. The small-scale peasant economy and path selection of agricultural modernization:A review of the agricultural modernization radicalism[J]. China Review of Political Economy, 2015,6(2):45-65.]

[57] 陆士桢.建构我国留守儿童生存发展保障体系[J].青少年研究与实践,2015(1):1-5.[Lu Shizhen. Security system construction of subsistence and development of left-behind children[J]. Youth & Children Research and Practice, 2015(1):1-5.]

[58] 段成荣,杨舸.我国农村留守儿童状况研究[J].人口研究,2008,32(3):15-25.[Duan Chengrong,Yang Ge.The left-behind children in rural China[J]. Population Research, 2008,32(3):15-25.]